2012屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法部分代詞

1、2012屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法部分代詞命題特點(diǎn) 代詞是語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)中的重要一環(huán)，代詞是用來(lái)起替代作用的。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在高考試題中的代詞有：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞，指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞和不定代詞等。 近幾年來(lái)對(duì)代詞的考查比較多，代詞的漏用、誤用；各種人稱代詞的主格、賓格形式；某些不定代詞、指示代詞的特定用法；“的用法；從句中連接代詞用法、關(guān)系代詞的用法及區(qū)別等是高考的熱點(diǎn)。 非常明顯，近五年代詞的考查點(diǎn)集中在不定代詞及指示代詞上，考查角度有兩個(gè)：一是考查它們相互間的意義和功能差別，如：a11，everything和anything等的意義差別.it that和one不同的指代功能；二是它們之間語(yǔ)

2、法特征的差異，如it(代詞)和which(關(guān)系代詞)的區(qū)別。 試題注重了情景干擾，注重了特定語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中上下文的聯(lián)系，而且題干的語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)越來(lái)越復(fù)雜，正確分析其結(jié)構(gòu)、理解句意在解題中起著很重要的作用。it的用法考查著重在其作形式賓語(yǔ)或形式主語(yǔ)上，另外一些特定的句型結(jié)構(gòu)也該引起注意，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句型以及前面提到的有關(guān)句型。再就是要注意it和定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定詞從句代替主句一句話的意思時(shí)的區(qū)別。應(yīng)試高分瓶頸 1英語(yǔ)中代詞的相關(guān)知識(shí)龐雜，代詞在語(yǔ)言使用中又極為頻繁，所以，代詞的用法看似簡(jiǎn)單，其實(shí)不易。建議考生認(rèn)真對(duì)待代詞，不可掉以輕心。 2首先要從整體上把握代詞的知識(shí)，如代詞種類的劃

3、分：人稱代詞；物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞，如your；名詞性物主代詞，如y。urs；反身代詞；相互代詞；指示代詞；不定代詞；疑問(wèn)代詞；連接代詞(名詞性從句)；關(guān)系代詞(定語(yǔ)從句)。了解各類代詞的一般用法，更重要的是，根據(jù)上面所介紹的高考熱點(diǎn)，要重點(diǎn)掌握幾組易混詞，尤其是不定代詞的用法區(qū)別。 不定代詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的區(qū)別：部分否定與完全否定的區(qū)別；特指與泛指；兩者與三者或以上；人稱代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別。做題的關(guān)鍵在于分析透句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，理解語(yǔ)境的要求，達(dá)到正確交際目的。命題點(diǎn)1 物主代詞命題點(diǎn)2 指示代詞命題點(diǎn)3 疑問(wèn)代詞命題點(diǎn)1 物主代詞本類考題解答錦囊物主代詞可分為形容詞性和名詞性。 形容詞性：

4、my，your，hiS，her，its，our，your，their 名詞性：mine，yours，hiS，hers，itS，ours，yours，theirs 用法：形容詞性物主代詞作定語(yǔ)；名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如： He is my teacher(賓語(yǔ)) 一Whose book is this?一Its mine(表語(yǔ)) Ive finished my homework Have you finished yours?(賓語(yǔ)) He is and old friend of mine(介詞賓語(yǔ)) 例：ThereatthedoorstoodagirlabouttheSalveh

5、eieht_. A.asme B.as mine C.with mine D.with me 【解 析】 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，本題要考的是物主代詞的用法。thesame常用as連用，表示“與相同”，所比較的是某人的身高，用名詞性物主代詞mine 【答 案】 B命題目的與解題技巧：解答本題的關(guān)鍵是習(xí)語(yǔ)及代詞的賓格和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別。命題點(diǎn)2 指示代詞本類考題解答錦囊 指示代詞有this，that，these，those，等。 this，that，these，those的用法： (1)在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如： This is my pen(主語(yǔ)) Do you want this?(賓語(yǔ))

6、That book is mine(賓語(yǔ)) What I want is this?(表語(yǔ)) (2)this(these)一般用來(lái)指時(shí)間和空間上較近的人或物；而that(those)常指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。如： This isa penand that is a pencil These days we are very busy (3)this(there)一般指后面要講到的事物；而that(those)常指前面講過(guò)的事物。如： What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing He didnt comeThat is why he

7、didnt know (4)that(those)常用來(lái)指前面提到過(guò)的名詞。如： This books is not so interesting as that I read yesterday(that代替the book) 例：(典型例題Equipped with modem facilities，today's libraries differ greatly from_. A.those B. the past athe past CwhichOf the past D.these past 【解 析】 those在句子中指上文提到的圖書(shū)館，those of the past

8、指過(guò)去的圖書(shū)館，the past和which othe past都不正確。 【答 案】 A 命題目的與解題技巧：解答本題的關(guān)鍵是語(yǔ)境以及四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的具體意義。命題點(diǎn)3 疑問(wèn)代詞本類考題解答錦囊 常用的疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，whoever，which，whichever，what，whatever疑問(wèn)代詞一般放在句首，用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句，可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。 疑問(wèn)代詞的用法比較 (1)which 和what的區(qū)別： 兩者均可就人或物提問(wèn)，但which一般用于有選擇范圍的情況，what用于無(wú)選擇范圍或不清楚選擇范圍的情況。 (2)who和whom的區(qū)別： who通常作主語(yǔ)

9、和表語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)，但在口語(yǔ)中，該用“whom”的地方常用“who”代替，前面有介詞的例外。 (3)who與what的區(qū)別： who多指姓名、關(guān)系等，what多指職業(yè)、地位等。 高考最新熱門題 1.(典型例題I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately_couldn't spare me even one minute.A. they B. one C. who D. it命題目的與解題技巧：該題考查代詞的和法。 【解 析】 從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上，可排除選項(xiàng)C；從代詞的意義上可排除D；根據(jù)前半句的意思，句中的a f

10、riend 指任意一個(gè)朋友，可理解為 a friend of mine,而后半句意指“我”這些朋友們，為復(fù)數(shù)，故答案選A. 【答 案】 A2.(典型例題)-One week's time has been wasted. -I can't believe we did all that work for_. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 答案：B指導(dǎo)：由One week's time has been wasted可知我們一無(wú)所獲。因此B為正確答案。3.(典型例題She doesn't kno

11、w anyone here. She has got_to talk to.A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)前面一句的意思，沒(méi)有一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)的人，為全否定，那么，后一句也應(yīng)是全否定，故答案選D.4.(典型例題)-ich of the three ways shall I take to the village? -_way as you please.A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either C 指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)上下句的意思，這里含有選擇的意思，因此，排除A、B；選項(xiàng)C表示在三者或三者以上中選擇其一；而選

12、項(xiàng)D表示在二者中選擇其一。根據(jù)句子的意思，答案選C5.(典型例題)I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will_. A. anyone B. anyone elseC. no one D. no one else答案：B 指導(dǎo)：首先根據(jù)句子間的連接詞nor排除C、D；選項(xiàng)A包括A包括說(shuō)話者本人，根據(jù)上句的意思需排除，以免重復(fù)；選項(xiàng)B指除說(shuō)話者以外的人，符合句子意思，因此答案選B. 題點(diǎn)經(jīng)典類型題 1.(典型例題We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. SO Peter made

13、_from some wood we had.A. it B. one C. himself D. another命題目的與解題技巧:該題考查代詞。 【解 析】 由題意可知,因?yàn)槲覀冃枰粋€(gè)新的,所以Peter就做了一個(gè)新。one表前面提到的同一類人或事物,it則指同一物,another指在原來(lái)的基礎(chǔ)上加外的.因此本題答案應(yīng)選B。 【答 案】 B2.(典型例題) _can help but be attracted by the science stories. A. Everybody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Nobody 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：沒(méi)有人不被這些科普故事吸

14、引的。nobodybut為關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)。“can'tcouldn'the lpbut do sth”means3.(典型例題測(cè))_happened to be out that day, so you didn't find me.A. It B. This C. You D. I 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：I happened to be outIt happened that I was out “那天碰巧我不在”。4.(O5,全國(guó)領(lǐng)航)-I saw no more than one motor car in that shop. Will you go and buy_? -N

15、o,I'd rather find_in other shops.A. one;one B. it;it C. one;it D. it;one 答案：D指導(dǎo)：no more than one motorcar表示“只有一部車”，只能買那一部，故第一空填it;第二空表泛指同類中的一個(gè)，故用one5.(典型例題研)He was a man of strong feelings,_normally lay hidden deep inside him. A. it B. that C. those D. which答案：D 指導(dǎo)：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前邊一句話。 本題涉及句

16、法知誤簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句。比如：He has two daughtersTheyare doctors(簡(jiǎn)單句)He has two daughters and they are doctors(并列句)He has two daughterswhoaredoctors(復(fù)合句) 新高考命題探究 1. Teenagers are warned to be careful when making friends online, because when you can't see a person, they could be_. A. everybody B. somebodyC.

17、 anybody D. nobody 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：網(wǎng)上交友要小心，“因?yàn)楫?dāng)你看不到那一個(gè)人時(shí)，他可能是任何一個(gè)人”，指任何情況都可能發(fā)生。2. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _ A. the other B. anotherC. any other D. other 答案：A 指導(dǎo)：“討論沒(méi)有最終達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)，因?yàn)殡p方都不愿向?qū)Ψ阶尣?。?. Clothing made of man-made fibers has certain advantages over_ m

18、ade of natural fibers like cotton, woolon, silk. A. the ones B. oneC. that D. what 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：“人造纖維做成的衣服比用棉毛絲做成的衣服有著明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)?！痹趯?duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)中，that指代前文中的不可數(shù)名詞clothing，the one(ones)或those 指代可數(shù)名詞。4. All his life_ had been his fate to be busy with things without any hobbies to kill time. A. it B. heC. that D. which 答案

19、：A 指導(dǎo)：allhislife作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，it作形式主語(yǔ)指代后面的不定式短語(yǔ)。5. If I were you,I would take it easy; _is no need to be nervous. A. it B. thisC. there D. which 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：thereisnoneed為常用句式。在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，后跟名詞，在it is結(jié)構(gòu)中跟形容詞，兩者意義相似。6. The thought flashed across my mind: "By some means or_she has some information about my en

20、gagement, but how?" A. others B. otherC. the others D. another答案：B 指導(dǎo)：by some means or other常用短語(yǔ)“想盡辦法”，someother探究性命題綜合測(cè)試 考場(chǎng)熱身 1. -How do you like it_ here so far,Mr. Cox? -Well, I've really enjoyed meeting many nice people here and everything here is quite different. A. it B. themC. that D

21、. this 答案：A 指導(dǎo)：構(gòu)成固定說(shuō)法，“無(wú)具體含義。2. I'm not a painter,and to me,one painting is much like_ A. one B. the otherC. others D. another 答案： D 指導(dǎo)：自己不是畫家，所以一幅畫與另一幅畫基本一樣，看不出區(qū)別，此外表示不確定的另外一個(gè)，所以B項(xiàng)不對(duì)，因?yàn)樗硎臼Ｏ碌奈ㄒ灰粋€(gè)。3. It is one thing to make a promise, but it is quite_to carry it out. A. other thing B. the otherC

22、. others D. another 答案：D指導(dǎo)：onething與quiteanother形成對(duì)應(yīng)說(shuō)法，后者意為“(完全不同的)另二回事?！?. Science is more than a collection of unrelated facts;to be meaningful and valuable, _ must be arranged to show generalized character. A. which B. itC. those D. they 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：代替前面的facts，因?yàn)榫渲杏昧朔痔?hào)，所以此處不能構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句，A不對(duì)。5.David has li

23、ved in London and Manchester,but he doesn's like_city very much. A. both B. eitherC. each D. another 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：意為“對(duì)這兩個(gè)城市都不太喜歡。”全部否定，若選A則構(gòu)成部分否定。6. She won the first prize,though_ of us it. A. no one;expected B. none;had expectedC. nobody; was expecting D. none; would expect 答案： B 指導(dǎo)：It one及nobody后不可跟of短語(yǔ)；D項(xiàng)中第二空時(shí)態(tài)有誤，故只有B正確，“期望”應(yīng)發(fā)生在“贏得”之前。7. -Some young people today seem to believe in_ m