非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的做題步驟

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的做題步驟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的做題步驟1. 判定是謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)。方法：找謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如果句子已經(jīng)有了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要用的動(dòng)詞有下列 情況：1 ）并列謂語(yǔ)（應(yīng)有連詞and，but，or等）;2）并列句或從句謂語(yǔ)（應(yīng)有從句、連詞或分號(hào)3）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（作主、賓、表、定、狀、補(bǔ)等成分）2. 找非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。1）一般是句子的主語(yǔ)；2 ）定語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是所修飾詞;3）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ);4 ）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞前名詞或代詞。3. 判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。方法：確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)還是 被動(dòng)關(guān)系。4. 判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系。方法:分析句子，看非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前、之后還是同時(shí)

2、。之前常用do ne;之后常用 to do;同時(shí)常用doing。注意：這些只用于一般情況，注意特殊情況，如：有些動(dòng)詞只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，而有些動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。再如：judgi ng from 等一類(lèi)短語(yǔ)已 固定結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:1)The storm left,a lot of damage tothis area.causeD. hav ing caused分析：(1 )判斷是謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)：句中l(wèi)eft是謂語(yǔ)，cause要用非謂語(yǔ)形式，排除B項(xiàng);(2) 找邏輯主語(yǔ)：cause 是“ The storm left的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子主語(yǔ) the storm ；(3) 判斷主被

3、動(dòng)： cause a lot of damage由the storm 發(fā)出的,所以是主動(dòng),排除A (caused 作非謂語(yǔ)時(shí)是過(guò)去分詞,表被動(dòng))；(4) 判斷先后關(guān)系:cause damage 與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞left前已經(jīng)發(fā)生,要用表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生的having done。答案：D。many times, he still couldn ' tun dersta nd it .A. Hav ingbee n toldB. Being toldC. He had been toldD. Though he wastold分析:(1 )判斷是謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)：句中couldnun dersta

4、nd是謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有并列句連詞and、butso等，排除C;選項(xiàng)D是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但是manytimes經(jīng)常用完成時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，排除D所以told用非謂語(yǔ)形式。(2)找邏輯主語(yǔ)：tell要作狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子主語(yǔ)he ；(3)判斷主被動(dòng)：根據(jù)句意，he是被別人告的，所以he和tell是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用be told ；(4)判斷先后關(guān)系:be told是在 couldn ' tun dersta nd前發(fā)生,要用表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成的hav ing bee n told答案：A非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做題七原則1.用作目的狀語(yǔ)，多用不定式Whe n asked why he went there, he sai

5、d hewas sent therefor a space flight.A. trainingB. being trainedC.tohave trainedD. to be trained解析：由于進(jìn)行航空飛行訓(xùn)練是他被派往那兒的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和 B。外，由于“他”與“訓(xùn)練”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，選2.用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，多用動(dòng)詞-ing形式As the light turnedgreen, I stood forgoing to do.A. movedB. mov ingC. to moveD. Being moved解析：move與主語(yǔ)“ I"是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與stood 同

6、時(shí)進(jìn)行，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，選B。3. 用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用-ing形式或不定式不定式多表示意料之外的結(jié)果，而合乎邏輯的結(jié) 果，即意料之中的結(jié)果多用-ing形式。1)The glass doors have taken the place ofthe woode n ones at the entrance n atural light duri ng the day.A. to letB. lett inghav ing letin theC. letD.解析：此處用-ing形式表示自然而然的結(jié)果，選2) He hurried to the bookingoffice onlythat al

7、l the tickets had bee n sold out.A. to tellB. to be toldC. telli ngD. told解析：不定式表示出人意料的結(jié)果，tell與主語(yǔ) 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，選B。注意句型： n ever to do/ to be doneHe left his hometow n 20 years ago,n everto return .他20年前離開(kāi)了，再也沒(méi)有回來(lái)。4. 有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，多用過(guò)去分詞但是，所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；強(qiáng)調(diào)所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing形式的 被動(dòng)式1)The children talked so loud

8、ly at dinnertable that I had to struggle.A. to be heardB. to have heardC.heari ngD. being heard解析：根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”，故要 用被動(dòng)式，排除B和C;另外，"設(shè)法被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”為目 的狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)作在當(dāng)時(shí)尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，選A.2)At the beginning of class, the noise ofdesks couldclassroom.A. opened and ope ned and closedbe heardoutside theclosedB. to beC. b

9、eing openedand closedD. toope n and close解析：of 后應(yīng)接-ing 形式，desks 與 open andclose之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因could beheard，所以選-ing形式的被動(dòng)式表示正在被進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。答案為Co5. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，要用完成式。根據(jù)句子要求選用不定式的完成式或-ing形式的完成式。from other con ti nents for milli onsndof years, Australia has many pla nts aani mals notfound in any other cou

10、n tries inthe world.A. BeingseparatedB. HavingseparatedC. Havingbee n separatedD. tobeseparated解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)完成，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式的完成被動(dòng)式。選C2) Li Mi ng is said abroad. Do youknow what country he studied in?Yes. In London.A. to have studiedB. to study C. to bestudy ing D. to have bee n study ing解析：句型“ sb. +be

11、said+ to do sth. ”表明空白處要加不定式，因?yàn)閟tudied 在“is said "之前 發(fā)生，用不定式的完成式。選 A。如果studied改成“will study ”，選 B ； studied 改成“ studies ”，可以用Co6. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一 致。Faced with a bill for $10,000boss has give n Joh n an extra jobC. an extra job has been takenD.anextra job has bee n give n to Joh n解析：及物動(dòng)詞f

12、ace表示（困難、死亡、毀滅等）缶（某人）,某人作主語(yǔ)一般用（be ） faced with.所以faced的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即句子的主語(yǔ)是人，排除C、是John面臨著要付的賬單，而不是老板，排除7.所以選A。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的原則：表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，用不定式；表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，用-ing ;表示完成、被動(dòng)，用過(guò)去分詞。注意：動(dòng)詞-ing 形式的完成式（having done,having been done）不用作定語(yǔ)； 受 the first ，theseco nd . the last修飾的名詞或代詞后多要用不定 式作定語(yǔ)。1) There will be more tha n three hun d

13、redthe dayscie ntists atte nding the meet ingafter tomorrow.D.froA. holdto be heldB. holdi ngC. held解析：因 the day after tomorrow可知選D。2) There are hundredsof visitorsnt of the Art Gallery to have a look at VanGogh ' s paintings.A. waitedB. to waitinC.waitingD. wait解析：waiting 強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行。選C。3)“ Thi ngsn

14、ever come again! ” Icouldn ' t help talking to myself.A. lostB. los ingC. to lostD.have lost解析：過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。選A非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中所做成分比較to do 和v-ing 作主語(yǔ)nd相當(dāng)于名詞或代詞，往往用it作形式主語(yǔ)替代 將不定式或動(dòng)名詞放在句尾。It is possible to live an independentafulfilling life.過(guò)獨(dú)立滿足的生活是可能的。注意：1）動(dòng)詞-ing作主語(yǔ)，多表示一般的、抽象的、 泛指的概念或一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，而不定式則表示 具體

15、的某一次或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作。但是有時(shí)區(qū)別很小。Explori ng the Amaz on River deservescourage.探險(xiǎn)亞馬遜河需要勇氣To explore the Amaz on River this summerhas bee n good n ews to us.今年夏天探險(xiǎn)亞馬遜河對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是條好消息。2 ）動(dòng)名詞較少用形式主語(yǔ)，只在“ It is nogood/ no use/ fun doing sth.” 等句型中用。It' s fun talking to a foreign teacher.跟夕卜教談話很有趣。3）句型“ There be+ no +主語(yǔ)

16、”中，多用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。There is no telli ng what will happe n. = It isimpossible to tell what will happe n.無(wú)法知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。4）表語(yǔ)是不定式，主語(yǔ)要用不定式；表語(yǔ)是-ing形式，主語(yǔ)也用-ing形式to do , v-ing 和 done 作表語(yǔ)注意：表示一般的概念，不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式 作表語(yǔ)可以互換。表示具體的個(gè)別動(dòng)作或有將來(lái)含義 時(shí)，一般用不定式；過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)往往表狀態(tài)。Spring is gone and summer is come .（過(guò)去分詞）春天去了，夏天到了。Her job i

17、s keep ing the lecture hall as clea nas possible. （動(dòng)名詞）她的工作是盡量使報(bào)告廳保持干凈（現(xiàn)在分詞）The problem is quite puzzli ng 這個(gè)問(wèn)題很令人困惑。下面情況多用不定式作表語(yǔ)：1）主語(yǔ)表示職業(yè)、職責(zé)或性質(zhì)等。I found a part-time job, which is to guidethe patie nts.我找到一份兼職：引導(dǎo)病人2 ）主語(yǔ)是表示目標(biāo)、計(jì)劃、打算、希望、決定、選擇等的名詞。The inten ti on of this book is to in troducepopular sci

18、e nee.這本書(shū)旨在介紹科普知識(shí)。3）主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式，主語(yǔ)表示條件， 表示目的或結(jié)果。To see is to believe.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。4）主語(yǔ)為 what從句。What I would suggest is to put offmeeti ng.我的建議是推遲會(huì)議。5 ）在系動(dòng)詞 be, seem, appear, get, rema in等后。He seems to be eating somethingin表語(yǔ)thethekitche n.他似乎在廚房吃東西 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，主要是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，而被 動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作。Don ' t t

19、ouch the glass because it isbroken .不要碰那個(gè)杯子，它是壞的。The cup was broken by my little sisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作）to do和v-ing作賓語(yǔ)常用v-ing 作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：admit （承認(rèn)），appreciate（感激），avoid （避免），imagine （想象）等Fancy meeting you here!想不到在這兒見(jiàn)到你了！常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：offer （提出）intend, promise（答應(yīng)）,refuse（拒絕）,long（想要）,fail

20、（不能）,pretend（假裝）,manage（設(shè)法做到）,afford（承擔(dān)得起）I decided to ask for my money back.我決定要回我的錢(qián)。既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)且區(qū)別不大的 動(dòng)詞：begin, continue, hate, prefer 等。They prefer spe nding/ to spe nd theirsummer vacati on in Dalia n.他們更喜歡在大連度暑假。注意：應(yīng)盡量避免接連出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式。如：避免說(shuō)：I am start ing lear ning Russia n.應(yīng)改成：I a

21、m starting to learn Russian.既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)但區(qū)別很大的動(dòng)詞：can't help (to) r do.不能:幫忙做某事iiioing.,禁不住做某事The medicine can' t help to get rid of yourcold.這藥不能幫你治好感冒。The girl couldn ' t help crying when shesaw her mother aga in.當(dāng)小女孩再次看到母親時(shí)，她情不自禁地哭了起 來(lái)。不定式可以作介詞but和except的賓語(yǔ)：It had no effect

22、 except to make him an gry.那除了會(huì)讓他生氣外沒(méi)有任何作用。英語(yǔ)中除了介詞but/ except夕卜，介詞后一般接動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)：admit to （承認(rèn)），be equal to （等于），see to （注意，處理），stick to （堅(jiān)持） 等，其中的to都是介詞。in the flower-li ned garde n.每年春天她盼望著在鋪滿鮮花的公園里散步。作形容詞busy' worth的賓語(yǔ):The music is well worth liste ning to morethan once.這首曲子很值得多聽(tīng)?zhēng)妆椤e are bu

23、sy prepari ng for the sports meet.我們正忙著為運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。to do , v-ing 和done 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1）在動(dòng)詞 ask, tell, cause, allow, permit,forbid, want, advise, force, get, en courage,warn等后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Every teacher ought to encouragetheirstudents to think for themselves.每一位老師都應(yīng)激勵(lì)學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考問(wèn)題。2）在感官動(dòng)詞 feel, hear, listento, look at,n

24、otice, observe, see, watch和使役動(dòng)詞 have, let,make等詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶to，但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就必須帶to。They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.他們看見(jiàn)那個(gè)男孩突然從樹(shù)上掉下來(lái)。但是：The boy was seen to fall suddenlyfrom the tree.3）特別提醒：hope, dema nd, agree, suggest,insist等不能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。x I agree you to leave early.V I allow you t

25、o leave early.我同意你提前離開(kāi)。4）動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示與賓語(yǔ)之間的主 動(dòng)關(guān)系或正在進(jìn)行，而過(guò)去分詞表示與賓語(yǔ)之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，或動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，而不定 式一般強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。We heard her singing n ext door.我們聽(tīng)到她正在隔壁唱歌。（主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行）We heard her ofte n sing n ext door.我們聽(tīng)到她常在隔壁唱歌。（主動(dòng)、完成）We heard the song sung by her.我們聽(tīng)這首歌被她唱過(guò)。（被動(dòng)、完成）We heard the song being sung n ext door.我

26、們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)隔壁有人在唱這首歌。（被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行）He had his money stole n.他的錢(qián)給偷了。（被別人偷去了）Jim often has his father help him with hishomework.吉姆經(jīng)常讓他的父親幫助做家庭作業(yè)。They had the tractor working all the time.他們讓拖拉機(jī)一直工作著We won ' t have the child talking to hismother like that.我們不能讓那個(gè)孩子那樣對(duì)他的媽媽說(shuō)話to do , v-ing 和 done 作定語(yǔ)I have a lot of

27、work to do.我有許多工作要做。（work是to do的邏輯賓語(yǔ)）In the old days the poor had no cha nee togo to school.從前，窮人沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)上學(xué)。（to go to school“機(jī)會(huì)chanee ”的內(nèi)容）The room was quite dark in side, so he made some can dles to give light.房間里很暗，所以他制作了一些照亮的蠟燭。（candles 做了 to give light 的動(dòng)作，是不定式的邏 輯主語(yǔ)）我們需要更多的合格的老師。The girl dressed in

28、 red is my daughter.穿紅色衣服的女孩是我女兒。The experieneegained will be of greatvalue to us.已經(jīng)得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)對(duì)我們非常有價(jià)值。walkingsticks 手杖/a bookingoffice 售票（說(shuō)明所修飾詞的用途，表示“供作之用”，這時(shí)v-ing形式與名詞沒(méi)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，是動(dòng) 名詞。）a sleeping baby正在睡覺(jué)的嬰兒 / a puzzlingproblem困擾人的問(wèn)題（說(shuō)明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)或動(dòng)作，表示“的”，此時(shí)v-ing形式與名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，是現(xiàn)在分詞。） 注意：1）如果不定式所修飾的名詞是t

29、ime, place或way,不定式后面習(xí)慣上要省略介詞He had no money and no place to live.他沒(méi)有錢(qián)也沒(méi)有地方住。（如果我們用room 代替place，就應(yīng)該用noroom to live in。因?yàn)榇颂幍牟欢ㄊ脚c前面的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，不及物動(dòng)詞live要加in才能加賓語(yǔ)，即to live in the room。但是在像place 一樣的特殊詞匯，習(xí)慣上省略介詞。）2）不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承 受者時(shí)，不定式既可用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 但含義不同。如果修飾名詞的不定式的動(dòng)作是主語(yǔ)做 的，不定式用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。試比較：Have you

30、anything to send?你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式to send的邏輯主語(yǔ)是you）Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎?（不定式to be sent的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)，而是沒(méi)有提到的me或someone else ，這時(shí)不定式用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）3）不定式作定語(yǔ)多表示將來(lái)，而動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)行或用途，過(guò)去分詞則表示已經(jīng)完成和被 動(dòng)。a problem to be discussed tomorrow明天要討論的問(wèn)題a problem being discussed now現(xiàn)在正討論的問(wèn)題a problem discus

31、sed for thousandsyears已討論多年的問(wèn)題a wait ing room候診室注意:of1）選擇v-ing形式還是過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)取決于動(dòng)詞與所修飾詞的主動(dòng)或者被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，即其邏輯主 語(yǔ)是其所修飾詞。a lettera letterofferingme the jobwhich offered me the job封給我這份工作的a letter written by his boss = a letter whichwas written by his boss封老板寫(xiě)來(lái)的信2）不定式作定語(yǔ)常表示將來(lái)，對(duì)比:the bridge r- to be repaired 要修丁.1

32、 橋J bang repaired正在緣理的橋 I網(wǎng)血詛la乩y謝去年修的橋to do, v ing 和 done 作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)，一般表示目的（前面可以加inorder或so as已示強(qiáng)調(diào)）、原因（多在表示情感的詞后）、結(jié)果（出乎意料的結(jié)果，前可加only或too.to,eno ugh to等結(jié)構(gòu)）。I come here only to say good-bye to you.（目的）我來(lái)只是向你告別（結(jié)What have I said to make you an gry?果）我說(shuō)了什么讓你這么生氣?I am pretty pleased to hear the n ews that

33、you are elected as the preside ntof the club.（原因） 聽(tīng)說(shuō)你被選為俱樂(lè)部主席，我非常高興。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、 結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。Having made full preparations,we areready for the exam in ati on.（時(shí)間）我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在可以應(yīng)考了。Being ill, he didn' t go to school yesterday.（原因）由于生病，他昨天沒(méi)有上學(xué)。His father died, leav ing him a l

34、ot of money.（結(jié)果）他父親死了，留給他許多錢(qián)Turningto the right, you will find a pathleadi ng to his cottage.（條件）向右轉(zhuǎn)你會(huì)找到通往他的茅舍的小路。Knowing all this, they made me pay for thedamage.（讓步）盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.（伴隨）他躺在草地上，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地望著天空。過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)Told that his mother was ill,

35、Li Lei hurriedhome quickly. （時(shí)間）知道了他母親病了，李雷趕緊回了家。Satisfied with what he did, the teacherised him in class.（原因）老師對(duì)他做的很滿意，在班上表?yè)P(yáng)了他。Given a few minutes, I ' ll finish it.（條件） 給我?guī)追昼?，我就?huì)完成它。Expla ined a hun dred times, he still canun dersta nd it.(讓步)給他解釋了上百次，他仍然不明白。He fell off a tall tree, his leg br

36、oke n.（結(jié)果）他從一棵很高的樹(shù)上掉了下來(lái)，腿骨折了。 注意：1）表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或出于表達(dá)需要，有時(shí)作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)形式前常加一個(gè)連詞： whe n, while, after, before,if, though, whether, uni ess, as if等，相當(dāng)于省略了主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)從句。Though being ill (=Though he was ill), hewould not take a rest.雖然病了，但他仍不愿休息。2）表示主動(dòng)的過(guò)去分詞有些過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主動(dòng)。常見(jiàn)的有：lost （迷路）；seated （坐）；hidden （

37、躲）；stationed （駐扌L） ; lost / absorbedin （沉溺于）；born （出身于）；dressed in （穿著）；hetired of（厭煩）等。Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, didn ' t hear the sound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?，所以他沒(méi)聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音Dressed in a jacket, he walked out of thehouse.他身穿一件夾克走出了那幢房子3）動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：相當(dāng)于名詞的動(dòng)詞-ing形式，有時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)不 是句子的主語(yǔ)，而有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)要用動(dòng)名 詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞

38、/名詞的所有格+ v-ing形式I would appreciate your calling back thisafter noon.你今天下午給我打電話我很感激What worried the child most was his notbeing allowed to visit his mother in thehospital.最讓那個(gè)孩子擔(dān)心的是不讓他到醫(yī)院看他媽媽。We arelook ingforward to thedoctor ' scoming to see her.我們都盼著醫(yī)生來(lái)給她看病。注意：在口語(yǔ)中，v-i ng形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用名詞的普通格，或

39、代詞的賓格；但在句首作主語(yǔ)， 則不行。I can hardly imagine Peter/Peter 's sail ingacross the Atla ntic Ocea n in five days.我不能想象彼得五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋。Would you mind my/ me using yourtelescope?用一下你的望遠(yuǎn)鏡介意嗎?Your going there will help a lot.你到那里對(duì)事情將大有幫助單項(xiàng)選擇1. With Father ' s Day around the corner, Ihave taken some money out

40、of the bankprese nts for my dad.A. buyB. to buyC.buyingD. to have bought2. It ' s importantfor the figuresregularly.A. to be updatedB. to have beenupdatedC. to updateD. to haveupdated3. Whe n asked why he went there, he saidhe was sent therefor a space flight.A. trai ningB. being trainedC.to hav

41、e trainedD. to be trained4. Frank ' s dream was to haveshopto producethe works ofhis ownhis ownhands.A. thatB. in whichC. bywhichD. how5 . There is nothing more I can tryyouto say, so I wish you good luck.C. to be persuadedD. to persuade6 . There are five pairs.,but I ' m at aloss which to b

42、uy.A. to be chooseB. to choose fromC.to chooseD. for choos ing7. Special attention should bepaidour earth fromA. topreve nt;beingpolluteB. to preve nt; pollut ingD.C. topreve nting;beingpollutedto preve nting; polluted8 . -Mysister couldn't helpjump ingwith joy at the n ews.-Why not? One can 

43、9; t imagine what itD.A. winningB. to winC. winhav ing won9 . As they are retired, Mr. and Mrs. Scottprefer a housein the countryto their lateyears there.D.A. spendB. spe ndingC. spentspends10. Myteacher was madehisteach ing because of poor health.upD. give n up11. The purpose of new tech no logies

44、is tomake life easier,it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC.not makingD. don ' t make12. I would loveto the party last ni ghtbut I had to work extra hours to finish a report.C.A. to goB. to have gonegoingD. hav ing gone13. - Can you ride a horse?-No, I n ever had the cha nee.this14. We al

45、l thi nk it most foolishmistake.A. for you makingB. of you to makeC. you to makeD. for you to make15. So far n obody has claimed the money in the library.A. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveri ngD. hav ing discovered16. In April, thousa nds of holiday-makersremained abroad due to the volcanica

46、sh cloud.A. stickingB. stuckC. to be17. With the government' s aid, thoseby the earthquake have moved to thenew settleme nts.A. affectB. affectingC.affectedD. were affected18. The manager ,his factoryproducts were poor in quality,decided to givehisworkers further trai ningA . knowingB . knowntok

47、nowD. being known19 . As we joined the big crowd I gotfrom my frie nds.D. missed20. Theoldman,abroad fortwenty years,ison the way back to hismotherla nd.A. to workB. work ingC. to haveworkedD. hav ing workedon21. The pilot asked all the passengersboard to remainas the pla ne was mak inga landing.A.

48、seatB. seati ngC. seatedD. to be seat ing22. The prize of the game show is $30,000and an all expe nsesvacati on to Chi na.paiA. payingB. paidC. tobeD. being paid23. The repairs cost a lot, but it's moneyweIIA . to spendB. spentC. beingspe ntD. spending24. The man ager,it clear to us thathedid n

49、' t agree with us, left the meet inroom.A . who has madeB. having madeC. madeD . making25. The Tow n Hallin the 1800' s wasthe most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. havingbeencompletedC. completedD. beingcompleted26. The flowerssweet in the bota nicgarde nattractthe v

50、isitors to thebeautyofn ature.A. to smellB. smell ingC. smeltD.to be smelt27. Every onewasbyhisprogress which he made duri ng the twomon ths.A. surprised; surpriseB. surprised;surprisedC. surprised;surpris ingD. surpris ing;surpris ing28. When he turned around,he foundpair of eyeshim.A. look ingB. w

51、atch atC. fixi ng onD.stari ng at29. Steve n has devoted all his life toto thefilms, and Kate, his wife, is alsoduty of her professi on.A. make; devotedB. mak ing; devot ingC. mak ing; devotedD. make; devot ing30. The film,true story of this RedArmy general, attracted people' s interest al over the coun try.B. is on the base ofC.which is the base ofD. based upon31. We were toldthat the stonefigureback tothe 16th cen tury was ofgreatA. is based onvalue.A. datedB. dati ngC. com