初中英語語法-八種時態(tài)詳解與練習(xí)

1、初中英語語法:八種時態(tài)詳解與練習(xí)1 概念：英語中表示不同時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動詞形式表示， 這種不同的動詞形式稱為時態(tài)。 2 種類：（基本時態(tài)） 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時 一般將來時 過去將來時 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時一般現(xiàn)在時一、概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 二、常搭配的時間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.三、基本結(jié)構(gòu) be動詞（is,am,are）；行為動詞(主語是第

2、三人稱單數(shù)時謂語動詞要加s或es外)否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加dont,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。例句：I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.

3、我在小學(xué)就學(xué)過地球是圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的。Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。 四、基本用法：1) 描述當(dāng)前時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。在這種情景中，句子常帶有表示頻率的時間狀語：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的動作或狀態(tài)是習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常性的。例如：They raise ducks as a sideline .他們以養(yǎng)鴨為副業(yè)。She doesnt often write to her fa

4、mily, only once a month. 她不常給家里寫信，僅一月一封而已。I cycle to work every day .我每天騎自行車上班。It seldom rains here .這兒很少下雨。2）僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了描述現(xiàn)階段的動作或狀態(tài)，其重點(diǎn)不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間、或進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)。例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能說五種外語。That is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers

5、in the world. 長江是世界上最長河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音樂。All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。（強(qiáng)調(diào)每個家人）My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂于助人。3) 陳述客觀事實(shí)、客觀真理。顧名思義，客觀的情況是沒有時間概念的；也不會在意動作進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)。例如：The earth goes around the sun .地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Ten minus two is eight.十減二等于八。Light travels faster than s

6、ound .光的速度比聲音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美國位于太平洋西岸。4) 根據(jù)英文語法規(guī)定，當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時，那么時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時，我將告訴他這個消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。用

7、于一般現(xiàn)在時的副詞，除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的詞以外，常見的還有：now, today , nowadays等等。 練習(xí)題：用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1.Why_Tom absent today ? ( be ) 2.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning.3.My mother_(like) _(go) shopping. 4.I can _(draw) many beautiful pictures. 5.Does he_(like)_(jump) ? 6.The students_(speak) English in class. 7.The

8、student_(speak) Chinese after class. 8. Lets_and play football . ( go ) 9. He_ like swimming . ( not ) 10. _your sister study English at school ? No , she_ . ( do ) 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1I _(write) to you as soon as I _(get) to London. 2. He doesnt feel well and _(not eat) any food this morning. 3. He _ no

9、t _(see) me come in, for he _(read) something with great interest. 4. Dont make a niose. Grandpa _(sleep). 5. It _(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night. 6. What _ your mother _(do) at eight yesterday evening? She _(wash) clothes. 7. _ it _ (rain) when school was over yesterday? 8 The

10、teacher told us the earth _ (move) round the sun. 單項選擇： 1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _ tomorrow. A.dont rain B. doesnt rain C. wont rain 3. The picture _ nice. A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking 4. She _ down and soon fell asleep. A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay 6. We shall

11、go to Shanghai on business before you _ back next week. A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come 7. Dont smoke until the plane _ off. A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take 8. I saw her _ the room this morning. A.to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters 11. He told us _ at eight. A. working B. to work

12、C. work D. worked 12. Youd better _ at home and _ your homework. A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do 14. Uncle Wang knows _ a washing machine. A. how to make B. to make C. how making D. what to make 15. Jim decided _ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England. A. to leave

13、 B. left C. leaving D. leave4）改句子 1. We have four lessons.（否定句）2.I have many books. （改為否定句） 3.Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis （改為否定句）4.She lives in a small town near New York. （改為一般疑問句） 5.I watch TV every day. （改為一般疑問句） 6.David has got a goal. （改為一般疑問句）7.We have four lessons.（否定句）8.Tom d

14、oes his homework at home. 否定句: 一般疑問句: 劃線提問9.I usually play football on Friday afternoon. 否定句: 一般疑問句: 劃線提問一般過去時一、概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。二、常搭配的時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon

15、 a time, etc. 3、 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： be動詞的過去式（was/were）； 行為動詞的過去式（即在動詞原形后加ed，不規(guī)則變化的動詞除外）否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。 一般過去時用謂語動詞的過去式構(gòu)成，即在動詞原形后加ed，不規(guī)則變化的特殊動詞除外。例句：He was here just now. 他剛才還在這里。What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事？We often played together when

16、 we were children. 我們小時候常在一起玩。He used to smoke a lot, but he doesnt now. 他過去經(jīng)常抽煙，但現(xiàn)在不抽了。四、基本用法 主要是用來描述在過去某個時候發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它也可以用來表示在過去某段時間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動作。這一點(diǎn)在表達(dá)意義上與一般現(xiàn)在時相同，只是所在的時間區(qū)域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般過去時的句子里常常有一個意義較具體的過去時間狀語。這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時的最大區(qū)別之一。常和一般過去時連用的過去時間狀語有：last night (week ,month , year , century

17、, etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , )等等。使用一般過去時，在某種意義上說就是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過去的某個時候。過去的時間概念有兩層意思：一是指現(xiàn)在某個時間以前的時間；二是指說話、寫文章的那個時間點(diǎn)以前的時間，在這個意義上，現(xiàn)在的那個時間點(diǎn)是很小很小的，甚至于小到無法量化的程度。例如：He got his driving

18、license last month. 他上個月拿到了駕照。-Wheres Jim? 吉姆在哪里？-He just went out.他剛剛出去。 練習(xí):寫出下列動詞的過去式is/am_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_play_ go_ make _ do/does_ worry_ eat_ draw_put _ throw_ pass_ 用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. The little dog _ two years old this year.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last m

19、onth.4. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.句型變換：1 There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_2 They played football in the playground.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. I _ (watch) a cartoon

20、on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.6. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)7. W

21、hat _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning?She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.8. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do)9 We all _ (have) a good time last night.10. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)11. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)句型轉(zhuǎn)換：

22、1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（變一般疑問句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge?3、She stayed there for a week.（對劃線部分提問）_ _ _ she _ there?4、There was some orange in the cup.（變一般疑問句)_ there _ orange in the cup?中譯英：1. 我過了一個忙碌但卻刺激的周末。I _ _ _

23、 _ exciting weekend.2 Jenny喜歡看書。昨晚她看了一本英語書。Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night.3. Emma每天都看電視。可是昨天他沒有看。Emma _ TV every day. But he _ _ yesterday. 4. 上周六他們做什么了？他們做作業(yè)和購物了。What _ they _ _ Saturday?They _ _ homework and _ _.一般將來時一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。二、時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(wee

24、k, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, 等。三、基本結(jié)構(gòu) am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 如： Telephone me this evening. Ill be at home. 今晚給我打電話，我會在家。Ill (shall/will) do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好

25、些。The car wont start. 車開不了啦。Oil and water will not mix. 油和水沒法混在一起。 四、基本用法：主要用來描述將要發(fā)生的動作或存在于未來的情況。這里所說的“將來時間”是指“說話、寫文章那一刻以后的時間”。它的表示方法主要有如下幾種：1）shall / will + 動詞原形這種表示方法是說，動作在現(xiàn)在或目前還未發(fā)生，要在將來的某個時間內(nèi)發(fā)生；它沒有主觀性，是“純粹的將來動作”。例如：I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天沒空。He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵達(dá)

26、這里。2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式這種表示方法主要是說明 A）“說話人的意圖、打算”；B）“某種可能性”。例如：A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在倫敦度假。Who is going to speak first? 誰先發(fā)言？B) It is going to rain soon .馬上要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us? 他會幫我們收集資料嗎？If you go to New Zealand, you are going to l

27、ike the place. 如果你去新西蘭，你會喜歡上那個地方的。3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述兩鐘情況：按計劃安排要發(fā)生的動作，這個動作發(fā)生的時間一般不會很遠(yuǎn)； 要求或命令他人做某事。例如：A) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新橋三天后通車。The factory is to go into production before National Day. 這家工廠國慶節(jié)前投產(chǎn)。B) You are not to bring any mobile communication mea

28、ns into the exam-room . 任何移動通訊工具都不得帶入考場。You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你媽回來之前你不要出去。4) 用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（限于某些動詞）表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事。主要強(qiáng)調(diào)“按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事”。例如：Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下車嗎？The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m. 那架飛機(jī)上午十一點(diǎn)起飛。Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next week. 里德先生下周動身

29、去紐約。 五、表示將來的五種常用非時態(tài)方式 1. “be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、傾向或必須、義務(wù)等。如：She is to play Juliet. 她扮演朱麗葉。You are to make the necessary changes. 你要做出必要的改變。2. “be about to + 不定式”：表示即將發(fā)生的動作，有“即將”的意思，但不能和具體的時間狀語連用。如：The package is about to come unwrapped. 那個包快散開了。3. “be going + 不定式”：表示按計劃或安排打算去做某事，或表示有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事。如：We are goi

30、ng to call her this evening. 我們打算今晚給她打電話。My sisters going to have a baby this summer. 我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。4. 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來：主要表示按規(guī)定或時間預(yù)計要發(fā)生的事。如：The students are leaving on Sunday. 學(xué)生們星期日出發(fā)。Were having a party next week. 我們下星期將開一個晚會。5. 用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來：表示按規(guī)定或時間預(yù)計要發(fā)生的事。如：We have a holiday tomorrow. 我們明天放假。 The train le

31、aves at 10:04 this evening. 火車今晚10:04分開。 練習(xí)一、單項選擇( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this w

32、eek, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 5. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 6. He _ to us as soon as he gets there

33、.A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote( ) 7. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back( ) 8. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 9. The day after tomorrow they _ a volleyball

34、match.A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. are going to watch( ) 10. He _ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be( )11. - Lets go out to play football, shall we? - OK. I _. A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming( ) 12. It _ us a long time to learn Engl

35、ish well. A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend( ) 13. The train _ at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving二、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all my work before I _ （leave）.2. Marys birthday is next Monday, her mother _（give）her a present. 3. -

36、_ you _（be）here this Saturday? -No. I _（visit）my teacher.4. -_ I _（get）you a copy of todays newspaper? -Thank you.5. I am afraid there _（be）a meeting this afternoon. I cant join you. 過去將來時1、 概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。 2、 常搭配的時間狀語：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.3、 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：w

37、as/were going to + do；would/should + do; was/were to was/were about to+do否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。例句：I knew you would agree. 我知道你會同意的。 I said I would arrange everything. 我說我來安排一切。四、基本用法 表示過去的某時以后將要發(fā)生的動作。但這個將來時間絕不會延伸到“現(xiàn)在”；而僅限于“過去時

38、間區(qū)域內(nèi)”。由此可以看出，含這個時態(tài)的句子常帶一個表示“過去某個時間點(diǎn)”的狀語。這個狀語或是一個短語，或是一個句子。這個時態(tài)常用于：A）賓語從句或間接引語中；B）表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作；C）表示過去情況中的“愿望”、“傾向”，多用于否定句。例如：A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 當(dāng)我考慮這件事時，我想知道他們的反應(yīng)是什么。She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告訴我，她第二天要去歐洲旅行。He didn

39、t expect that we would all be there. 他沒料到我們會全在那兒。B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段時間，他每天早鍛煉。Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 無論他什么時間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點(diǎn)家務(wù)活。C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accom

40、plished it . 不管工作有多難，他總會堅持不懈地把它干完。They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們知道我們絕不會允許發(fā)生這樣的事。Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在講座結(jié)束之后，聽眾仍不肯離去。 練習(xí)：I. 選擇填空1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D.

41、will be; come2. We were not sure whether they _ more vegetables.A. are going to grow B. were going to growC. will grow D. have grown3. She _ to work when the telephone rang.A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to goII. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the Great Wall next summer

42、.2. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long.3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year.4. She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning.5. I wasnt sure whether he _(lend) me his book the next morning.6. He was fifty-six. In two years he _(be) fifty-eight.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一、概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動

43、作及行為。二、常搭配的時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc. 三、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（V-ing) 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。例：Theyre having a meeting. 他們在開會。Im studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。Youre always interrupting me! 你老打斷我的話!(抱怨)Shes always helping people. 她老是幫助別人。(贊揚(yáng))四、基本用法主要用來描述“說話、寫文章

44、的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動作，或是“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動作。適用于下面的情況：1）“說話、寫文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動作。例如：They are having a football match .他們正在賽足球。She is writing her term paper. 她正在寫學(xué)期論文。Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你聽電話。2）“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動作。這種情況并不是說某個動作在說話的那會兒正在發(fā)生，而是說某個動作在當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行著，或是重復(fù)地發(fā)生著。例如：He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他

45、在為大學(xué)英語六級考試作準(zhǔn)備。How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么樣？3）表示說話人的情感，如：贊許、批評；喜歡、厭惡等。這時的動作并不是正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，而是表示經(jīng)常性，相當(dāng)于“一般現(xiàn)在時”所描述的情況。例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示贊許）他總是為他人著想，而不為自己。She is often doing well at school. （表示滿意）她在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)挺不錯的。Are you feeling better today? （表示親切

46、）你今天覺得好一些嗎？One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不滿）我的一個室友老是亂扔?xùn)|西。Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜歡） 有些推銷員老是敲我家的門,向我們推銷他們的產(chǎn)品。4）表示在近期按計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作,用于這種情況僅限于少量的動詞，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午飯 ) , return, di

47、ne ( 進(jìn)餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿，戴 ) 等。例如：Im dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我將和朋友在外面吃飯。An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美國教授要來作報告。We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我們放假。Are you staying here till next week? 你要在這兒呆到下星期嗎？ 練習(xí)

48、：1、 寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_run_swim_make_write_ski_have_sing_see_buy_live_take_get_stop_sit_二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：1. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .2. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.3. What _ you _ ( do ) now?4.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 5. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now6._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1Tom is reading books in his room now . (對劃線部分提問)_2. My mother is cooking some nice food now. ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)_四、填空題1Mr Zheng _ (read) a book now.2. Listen! Someone i