江西省贛州市信豐縣信豐中學高中英語 定語從句專項講解與練習 新人教版

1、江西省贛州市信豐縣信豐中學高中英語 定語從句專項講解與練習 新人教版定語從句定語從句在句中修飾某個名詞或代詞，被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句需用下列關聯詞：關系代詞和關系副詞。 它們起連詞作用，本身做從句的主語、賓語、表語或定語，本身在從句中作時間、地點或原因狀語。 主要有who, whom, that, whose, which, as, when, where, why。PS:what不能引導定語從句. 指人的關系代詞有who、whose、whom、that. 指物的關系代詞有which、whose(=of which)、that. 關系代詞或是關系副詞的作用：連接主從句、指代先行詞

2、和在從句中作句子成分的三重作用。1、關系代詞：(who, whom, whose, that,) 指人 which , as（指物 which whose of which that ）2、關系副詞：when, where, why關系代詞和關系副詞必須位于從句之首，主句先行詞之后，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，同時在從句中又充當句子成分。關系代詞和關系副詞的用法：1）當先行詞為人時用who 作主語，whom作賓語；2）當先行詞為物或整個句子時用which ，可作主語或賓語；3）先行詞為人、物時用that ，可作主語或賓語；4）whose用作定語，可指人或物；5）關系副詞when（指時間，在定語

3、從句中作時間狀語，where（指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語），why（指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）。一：關系代詞引導的定語從句關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。注意事項：that在從句中作主語或賓語，既可以指人又可以指物；which在從句中作主語或是賓語，只能指物；who，whom在從句中分別作主語或賓語，只能指人；whose為關系代詞who的所有格形式，用作名詞的限定語，whose引導的定語從句既可以是限制性的，也可以為非限制性的。先行詞既可以是人，也可以是無，whos

4、e和它所修飾的名詞在定語從句中可作主語及動詞或介詞的賓語。A.指人時1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：I thank the woman. The woman helps me a lot. I thank the woman who (that)helps me a lot.（主語）The man was Jone .I saw him. The man (who whom that) I saw was jone.(作賓語)She was the woman .I told you about her. She was the w

5、oman (who whom that) I told you about .(做介詞賓語) She was the woman whom about I told you.(介詞后只能用賓格)B.指物時）which, that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，A prosperity appears in the countryside. A prosperity had never been seen before .A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the coun

6、tryside. 農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作主語）Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? ( 做賓語)C.3) Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man. His car had broken down. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。有時也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概

7、念，這時可以與of which 結構互換，詞序是：“名詞+of wHes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name) 1、 只用who的 、 當先行詞是 one, ones, anyone 或those , these 時，關系代詞用 who。The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. Any

8、onewho goes there will be punished.These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school. 、 在there be 開頭的句子中。 Theresa beautiful girl who came to see you this morning. There is a student who wants to see you. 、 先行詞后有一個較長的定語。 I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese

9、 well.、 一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that，另一個宜用who，以免重復。 The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards. 、在非限定性定語從句中。 She has a brother, who worked at that factory ten years ago. 、that與which的區(qū)分1。 指物時宜用 that 的情況：、 當先行詞為 all, none, much, little, few, something, anything, everything

10、, nothing 等不定代詞時。All that can be done has been done. 、當先行詞既指人又指物時。 He spoke of the men and the thing(that) he had seen abroad. 、當先行詞是疑問詞who, what, which 時或者句子以疑問詞who , what , which 打頭時。 Who that has such a home doesnt love it? 、先行詞是序數詞、形容詞最高級或者當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時。 This is one of the best films that

11、I have ever seen.This is the best that can be done now. 、 當先行詞被the very, the only, the last, the same , just, one of , any, every , few , little , no , all , one of 等修飾時。 This is one of the very book that I am looking for. 、關系代詞在從句中作表語。 Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.2。 只能用 which 不能用

12、 that 的情況。 、 引導非限定性定語從句修飾某物或整個句子。 Bruce went towards the fire,which was still smoking. Tom came back late,which made his parents very angry. 、關系代詞作介詞的賓語。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.、 that，those作主語時Those which are on the desk are English books. .先行詞是專有名詞、整個句子或世界上獨一無二的物質名詞時，一般用非限定性定語從

13、句修飾。The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big. 注意 當引導定語從句的關系代詞在從句中作主語時，那么定語從句中的謂語動詞的數的形式應與先行詞保持一致。(1)one of復數名詞關系代詞復數動詞 He is one of the students who pass the exam.(2)the only one of復數名詞關系代詞單數動詞He is the only one of the students who passes the exam.他是唯一通過考試的學生。 (3)其他情況I，who am your teacher

14、，will try my best to help you.我，你的老師，將盡力幫你。Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about？你聽說過正在被談論的這些人和事二：關系副詞引導的定語從句關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。2、 （二）關系副詞的用法： 1when 指時間，在從句中作時間狀語，它的先行詞通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first be

15、came a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when時?？梢允÷裕貏e是在某些句型和某些時間狀語中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us. But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill. 2where指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。它的先行詞通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如： This is

16、the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 注：where有時也可以省略。如： This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 3 why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why時常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it. (三) 使用關系副詞應注意下列幾點： 1 這三個關系副詞在意義上都相當

17、于一定的介詞+which結構： when = on (in, at, during) + which; where = in (at, on) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2 當先行詞是表時間的time, day等和表地點的pl

18、ace, house等時，一定要注意分析從句的結構，如果缺少主語或賓語時，關系詞應該用which或that, 缺少時間狀語或地點狀語時，才能用when或where，試比較： Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory

19、which/that makes radio parts. 3 when和where既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。而why 只能引導限制性定語從句。三.1.限制性定語從句：從句與主句關系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? （注意的that）2非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作補充說明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關系比較松散，因而不是關鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時要有停頓，在

20、文字中通常用逗號與主句隔開。如： This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric. 引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。 另外，非限制性定語從句從意義上講，相當于一個并列句，在口語中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡單句來表達。如： I told the story to John, who

21、later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. = Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you. 3兩種定語從句的內涵不同，限制性定語從句具有涉他性，而非限制性定語從句具有唯一性，這在理解和翻譯時應特別注意。試

22、比較： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一個） His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一個） 4有時，非限制性定語從句所修飾的不

23、是某一個詞，而是整個主句或是主句中的一個部分，這時一般采用which或as來引導。如： He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.：從句對先行詞關系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導 四as引導定語從句時的用法as引導限制性定語從句通常用于the same as, such as結構中。e.g. I want the same shirt asmy friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in Chi

24、na. 我們車間使用的這種機器是中國制造的。as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。關系代詞 as 和which都能引導非限定性定語從句代表整個

25、句子的內容，as 引導的從句可位于句首或句末，which引導的定語從句則不能位于句首。 Which you know, he is a good man. () As you know, he is a good man. () 四as 引導非限制性定語從句時與which的區(qū)別當主句和從句語義一致時，用as；反之，用which來引導非限制性定語從句e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected. He made a long speech, whichwas unexpected.當非限制定語從句為否定時，常用which引導。e.g. Tom drinks

26、 a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.2.e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個人英語說得很流利。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3. e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.5。關系副詞when, where, why其含義相當于on

27、which, in which , for which等，可以互換： The day when /on which I met him first was May 1st. I dont know the reason why /for which he didnt come. 6。whose指物時，可以與of which等結構互換，但應注意與冠詞的位置關系： This is the book the cover of which / whose cover is blue. 7。有時可用that代替關系副詞。在口語中常省略。 This is the reason (why / for whi

28、ch / that) he came late. 3、考題訓練。1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where

29、 they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. w

30、hich D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the

31、other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my

32、father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _ you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was us

33、ed yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with h

34、im 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In

35、our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Las

36、t summer we visited the WestLake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. wh

37、ich; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have l

38、ooked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the

39、 way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used t

40、o give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on what

41、ever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget thos

42、e years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns

43、. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is

44、_ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which

45、D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 參考答案及解析1. A. which用作關系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。 2C. 和誰講話”要說speak to sb. 本題全句應為Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是關系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。 3. D. where是關系副詞，表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。 4. C. when是關系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語

46、。 5A. which是關系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。 6C. 解析同第5題。 7. A. 解析見第3題。 8. A. 本句話的先行詞應該是films,因此，關系代詞that是負數概念，其謂語動詞應用復述的被動語態(tài)have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則the one應該視為先行詞。 9. A. “談到某事物”應說talk about sth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。 10. A. with which是介詞+關系代詞結構,常用來引導定語從句.with有用的意思,介詞之后只能用which

47、,不能用that. with which在定語從句中作狀語,即he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在從句中作狀語. 12. D. with whom引導定語從句.with whom放在從句中即為:my father works with the engineer. 13. D. whose引導定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語. 14. A. that引導定語從句,因為先行詞是all,所以只能選用that引導. 15. D. the s

48、ame.as是固定用法, as引導定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語. 16. D. such as是固定用法,as引導定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語. 17. B. as作關系代詞可以單獨用來引導非限制性定語從句。這時as所指代的不是主句中某個名詞，而往往指代整個主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語. 18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定語從句.with whom放在從句

49、中為:I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as引導定語從句時通常構成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導定語從句。 as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數名詞時,要用such a.,本題中such books, such直接修飾復數名詞. 20. B. things和persons是先行詞.當定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時,其關系代詞要用that. 21. D. who引導非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語. 22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 23. D. 先行詞person后有兩個定語從句,第一個從句省略了關系代詞whom.因為, whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略. 24. A. whose title引導非限制性定語從句,whose title也可以