人教版八年級(jí)下英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語(yǔ)法講解

1、2017人教版八年級(jí)下英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語(yǔ)法講解（總6頁(yè)）-本頁(yè)僅作為文檔封面，使用時(shí)請(qǐng)直接刪除即可-內(nèi)頁(yè)可以根據(jù)需求調(diào)整合適字體及大小-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（I）語(yǔ)法知識(shí)定義：（1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，這個(gè)影響和結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在還必須存在.常與already（已經(jīng)）,yet（已經(jīng),還）,just（剛剛）,ever（曾經(jīng)），never等詞連用.already:常用于肯定句或疑問(wèn)句（均表示：已經(jīng)）.ye:常用于否定句（表示：還、尚），疑問(wèn)句末尾（表示：已經(jīng)）.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成及句型結(jié)構(gòu)：（注：過(guò)去分詞的變化分規(guī)則變化與不規(guī)則變化，規(guī)則變化與動(dòng)詞原形變過(guò)去式一樣，不規(guī)則變化見教材137

2、頁(yè)）1 .肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他+時(shí)間.eg:Ihavealreadylostthekey.我已經(jīng)弄丟了鑰匙.俄現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙）Hehaseverreadthatbook.他曾經(jīng)看過(guò)這本書.（了解書的內(nèi)容）Theyhavejustcleanedtheirhands.他們剛剛洗過(guò)手了.（手是干凈的）2 .否定句：主語(yǔ)+haven't/hasn't+過(guò)去分詞+其他+時(shí)間.eg:Ihaven'tlostthekeyyet.Hehasn'teverreadthatbook.Theyhavertjustcleanedtheirhands.3 .一般疑

3、問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他+時(shí)間?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+have/has.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+haven't/hasn't.eg:HaveyoualreadylostthekeyYes,Ihave.No,Ihavert.HasheeverreadthebookYes,hehas.No,hehasft.HavetheyjustcleanedtheirhandsYes,theyhave.No,theyhavent.4 .特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他+時(shí)間？eg:Whathaveyoualreadydone（done是do/do

4、es的過(guò)去分詞）2WhathasheeverdoneWhathavetheyjustdone定義：（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for,since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)或從句連用.for+表示一段時(shí)間的詞組；|since+a去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞組或一般過(guò)去式的句子.eg:ShehaslearnedEnglishor5years.（她已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)五年英語(yǔ)了）解釋：一直在學(xué)，持續(xù)了五年，并且還可能持續(xù)學(xué)下去.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.（自從他出生以后就居住在北京）解釋：從出生后就一直住在北京，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還有可能一直住下

5、去）Haveyoustayedheresince3o'clock?（自從3點(diǎn)后你就一直呆在這兒?jiǎn)幔├}：選用for和since填空：1.Wehaven'tseeneachothrealongtime.2.Hisfatherhasbeeninthefactory10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon20minutes.4.Mr.GreenhasworkedherehecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendeadseveralyears.6.It'sfiveryeawemetlasttime.havealreadyh

6、addinner.（否定）Idinner.8. Mumhascookedthedinner.Mumthedinner.9. SusanhaslearnedEnglishatschool.SusanEnglishatschool.10. Ihavealreadyhaddinner.（提問(wèn)）11. Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.12. SusanhaslearnedEnglishatschool.13. Mumhascookedthedinner.（3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范圍，不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,las

7、tnight,threeweeksago,in1990等.一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。一般過(guò)去時(shí)就可以和與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.eg:Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，已經(jīng)看了這部電影，并且知道電影的內(nèi)容）Isawthefilmlastweek.（一般過(guò)去式，因?yàn)楹竺嬗斜硎具^(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastweek)Hehaslivedheresince1993.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，后面有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)Helivedherein1993.(一般過(guò)去時(shí)，1993年住在這兒，現(xiàn)在沒住在這兒了)例題：1.you(clean)theroom?Yes,w

8、e(do)thatalready.2.Whenyou(do)it?We(do)itanhourago.3.he(see)thisfilmyetYes.4.Whenhe(see)it?Heitlastweek.5.I(read)thenoveltwice.It's6ntelestihgn(give)upsmokinglastyear.7. She(go)toPairs,hasn'tsheYes.Howshe(go)there?She(go)therebyair.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(II)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)1 .構(gòu)成：含有be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)部分由“have/has+been+to+地點(diǎn)”構(gòu)成

9、，表示：曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地(been是be的過(guò)去分詞，不規(guī)則變化)2 .基本句型：(1)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+been+to+地點(diǎn).eg:IhavebeentoAustralia.TheyhavebeentoBeijing.HehasbeentoSouthAfrica.(2)否定句：主語(yǔ)+haven't/hasn't+been+to+地點(diǎn).eg:IhaventbeentoAustralia.TheyhavenbeentoBeijing.HehasrtbeentoSouthAfrica.(3)一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+been+to+地點(diǎn)？肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+h

10、ave/has.否定回答：主語(yǔ)+haven't/hasn't.eg:HaveyoubeentoAustraliaYes,Ihave.No.Ihavent.'HavetheybeentoBeijingYes,theyhave.No,theyhaven'.tHashebeentoSouthAfricaYes,hehas.No,hehasnt.(4)特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+beeneg:WherehaveyoubeenWherehavetheybeenWherehashebeen3 .用法：用來(lái)表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生和完成度的動(dòng)作與狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)

11、在有聯(lián)系動(dòng)作和結(jié)果發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還在.可以和never,ever,once,twice,three/fourtimes等副詞連用.eg:TheyhavebeentoChongqingtwice.IhaveneverbeentoSichuan.HassheeverbeentoHainan?3.區(qū)別：(1) .have/hasbeento+地點(diǎn)表示：曾經(jīng)去過(guò)莫地，已經(jīng)回來(lái)了(2) .have/hasgoneto+地點(diǎn)表示：去了莫地，還沒有回來(lái)eg:ShehasbeentoShanghai.(她去過(guò)上海，已經(jīng)回來(lái)了)ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她去了上海，還沒有回來(lái)).h

12、avebeenin表示在莫地呆了多少時(shí)間”，常與時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)連用eg:IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.我到I上海已有三年了。HehasbeeninLondonforhalfamonth.他來(lái)倫敦已有半個(gè)月了。(4).havebeenon表示,已經(jīng)開始了多久表示持續(xù)性,eg:Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.電影已經(jīng)開始了10分鐘了。例題：1.WhereisyourbrotherHetheshop.He'llbebacksoon.2. 一youevertoAmericaYes,INewYorktwice.3. DavidAustr

13、alia.I'msurehesalreadyarrived.4. IsBennyhereNo,hetheschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.5. Mikeandhisparentsthesouthforhalfayear.6. Mumisnotathomenow.shetheshop.7. Youcan'tfindhim.HeXi'an.78. Mr.Zhangthisschoolfortenyears.Heknowseveryonehere.9. Miss.BrownChinathreetimes.10. ItheWestlake,L

14、ook,Ihavetakenmanyphotosofit.11. TomJim'shome,buthehasn'tcomeback.12. Wethebookshopandboughtmanybooks.13. MyparentsShandongfortenyears.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(III)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式，發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。1 .延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作、也可以表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)與經(jīng)歷.eg:learn,work,stand,lie,walk,sleep,keep,wait,watch,sing,read,stay,live延續(xù)性動(dòng)t可以與

15、回和snce引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：eg:Hehaslivedherefor6years.(他在這兒住了六年了，一直住在這兒，live是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，并且很有可能繼續(xù)居住下去)Ihaveknownhersincethen.(自從那時(shí)起我就認(rèn)識(shí)她了，一直都認(rèn)識(shí)，know是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)2 .非延續(xù)件動(dòng)詞：也成終卜件動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞.表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作.這種動(dòng)作妗牛后立即2束.eg:open,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy,die非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有twoyearsago,at5o'c

16、lock,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,thismorning等走示;寸夫的時(shí)用.eg:Hisgrandmotherdied10yearsago.Shefinishedtheworkat6o'clock.3 .非延續(xù)件動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)件動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換(常用)(1).一.,.轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng).詞,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)eg:borrowkeepbu尸haveputonweargettoknowknowgettosleepsleepcatchacoldhaveacold.(2)轉(zhuǎn)化為：.be+形容詞/副詞/介詞./.名詞:.eg:begin/startbeongo

17、outbeoutdiebedeadopen一beopengetto/arrivein(at)/reach一bein+地點(diǎn)leavebeaway(from)finishbeoverfall川-beillgetupfbeupfallasleep-beasleepjoinbein+活動(dòng)/組織gotoschoolfbeinschoolbecomebemakefriendsbefriendsclosefbeclosedgotobedbeinbedcome/gobe+相應(yīng)的介詞短語(yǔ)6例：下面是句子的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換I將原句一般過(guò)去時(shí)改成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)eg:1.Theoldmandiedfouryearsago.（一

18、般過(guò)去時(shí)）Theoldmanhasbeendead|for|fouryears.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，將die變?yōu)閎edead）Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefouryearsago.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since跟過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)）2.Iborrowedthebookfivedaysago.3.Heboughtthebikethreeyearsago.Ihavekeptthebookforfivedays.Hehashadthebikeforthreeyears.Ihavekeptthebooksincefivedaysago.Hehashadthebikesincethreeyearsago.4.Shewenttoschooltwodaysago.5.Mysisterbecameanurseoneyearago.Shehasbeeninschoolfortwodays.Mysisterhasbeenanursefor