高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語閱讀理解解題策略之猜測詞義題教學(xué)課件共54張ppt教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1、高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語閱讀理高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語閱讀理解解題策略之猜測詞義題教學(xué)解解題策略之猜測詞義題教學(xué)課件共課件共54張張PPT你知道以下單詞或短語的意思嗎？你知道以下單詞或短語的意思嗎？猜猜看！猜猜看！ when pigs fly john 1.when pigs fly A: Do you think Mary will quit her job now that shes pregnant?B: When pigs fly! There is no way she is giving up her career.天方夜談，太陽從西邊出來天方夜談，太陽從西邊出來2.johnTim dra

2、nk too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice. 廁所廁所你知道以下單詞或短語的意思嗎？你知道以下單詞或短語的意思嗎？ when pigs fly john 任何一個(gè)實(shí)詞，任何一個(gè)實(shí)詞，只有在一定的只有在一定的上下文中上下文中才能表示一個(gè)確定的詞義才能表示一個(gè)確定的詞義。 Context(上下文上下文)What is helping you in the context?Group 1 : 例例1、2、3&4 Keys:例例1 ：calendar : “is” (下定義下定義) 日歷日歷 例例2：brittle : it

3、 will break easily( 解解釋說明釋說明) 易碎的，脆的易碎的，脆的例例3：ocelot : “an endangered wild cat” ( 同位語同位語) 一種瀕臨滅絕的野貓一種瀕臨滅絕的野貓例例4：The pines : “whose cook” (定語定語從句從句) 一家餐廳的名字一家餐廳的名字 Group 1 : 例例1、2、3&4 常見的信號(hào)詞：常見的信號(hào)詞： is; mean; that is; thats to say; namely ; in other words ; to put it another way; such as ; like; incl

4、uding; for instance; for example 上下文中有什么？上下文中有什么？ 生詞后的生詞后的定語，同位語，舉例定語，同位語，舉例等等_來推測其意思來推測其意思定義或解釋定義或解釋You can take one of the periodicals: The World of English or Readers Digest . 上下文中有什么？上下文中有什么？標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)（冒號(hào)；破折號(hào)；括號(hào)）：解釋、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)（冒號(hào)；破折號(hào)；括號(hào)）：解釋、說明或下定義說明或下定義期刊期刊 雜志雜志 Group 2 : 例例5、6、7&8Keys:例例5： raw : meat that

5、is uncooked 生肉生肉例例6：homely : unlike . handsome 相貌不好看的相貌不好看的 例例 7： supercilious : in contrast humble and modest 目空一切的，傲目空一切的，傲慢的慢的例例8：loquacious : similarly love to talk 健談的，多話的健談的，多話的 Group 2 : 例例5、6、7&8當(dāng)上下文有明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ葧r(shí)，應(yīng)抓住劃線單詞的_上下文中有什么？上下文中有什么？ 表示表示轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折的詞：的詞：but, otherwise, however, though, in spite

6、of等等表示表示對比關(guān)系對比關(guān)系標(biāo)志性詞語：標(biāo)志性詞語：unlike, rather than , while, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary, similarly等等Group 3: 例例9：She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair because it was too long.Key: “because it was too long”一定的原因?qū)е乱欢ǖ慕Y(jié)果?？梢酝茰ytrim是“修剪”的意思。上下文中有什么？上下文中有什么？ 根據(jù)上下文中的根據(jù)上下文中的_來推斷來推斷其中的生

7、詞或短語的意思。其中的生詞或短語的意思。 因果邏輯關(guān)系因果邏輯關(guān)系因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系1.連詞連詞because, as, since, for, so, thus, as the result, therefore等表示前因后果等表示前因后果.2.動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語lead to, cause, result in, result from, bring about等表達(dá)因果關(guān)系等表達(dá)因果關(guān)系.常見信號(hào)詞常見信號(hào)詞: : Group 4: 例例10：We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced

8、 by unskilled labor. Because of this, most traditional crafts no longer exist.Key: mass-produce=mass+produce， “大批量生產(chǎn)大批量生產(chǎn)” 構(gòu)詞法（構(gòu)詞法（Word formation) unconditional:無條件的無條件的, ,絕對的絕對的 adj.adj.condition conditional 情況，條件情況，條件 n. n. 有條件的有條件的 adj.adj.unconditional:nonjudgmental:沒有判斷力的沒有判斷力的judge judgment ju

9、dgmental判斷判斷 v.判斷判斷 n.adj.nonjudgmental:歸納歸納 英語中，有很多詞可以在前面加前綴，英語中，有很多詞可以在前面加前綴，后面加后綴，從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)詞，乍看起后面加后綴，從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)詞，乍看起來，這個(gè)詞可能是生詞，但掌握了一定來，這個(gè)詞可能是生詞，但掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，就不難猜出它的詞義。的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，就不難猜出它的詞義。 Guessing strategies*Using context(上下文）上下文） clues（線索）（線索） * Using word formation（構(gòu)詞法）（構(gòu)詞法） 定義、解釋或舉例定義、解釋或舉例（標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)）（標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)）

10、 同義詞、近義詞、反同義詞、近義詞、反義詞義詞 因果因果邏輯關(guān)邏輯關(guān)系系Summary 小結(jié)小結(jié)Task 3 Practice真題演練真題演練1.1.推斷短語含義推斷短語含義 (2015新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷II22) My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldnt f

11、it. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the

12、 night. Fortunately, I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?A. Ended all their programs.B. Provided fewer channels. C. Changed to commercials.D. Showed all-night movies.2. A

13、 推斷短語含義。推斷短語含義。畫線句：這臺(tái)電視機(jī)剛買回畫線句：這臺(tái)電視機(jī)剛買回家時(shí)非常不錯(cuò)，我一直播放到所有電視臺(tái)的晚間家時(shí)非常不錯(cuò)，我一直播放到所有電視臺(tái)的晚間節(jié)目都節(jié)目都。其實(shí)，根據(jù)常識(shí)已猜中十之八九了，。其實(shí)，根據(jù)常識(shí)已猜中十之八九了，再看下一句：幸運(yùn)的是，沒有哪個(gè)頻道整晚播放再看下一句：幸運(yùn)的是，沒有哪個(gè)頻道整晚播放電影，否則的話我就不睡覺了。可知，作者看到電影，否則的話我就不睡覺了?？芍髡呖吹剿须娨暸_(tái)的晚間節(jié)目結(jié)束為止，故選所有電視臺(tái)的晚間節(jié)目結(jié)束為止，故選A項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。2.The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid th

14、e blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by

15、building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.3.The underlined part “l(fā)ubricated the paths” means_. A. made the path wet B. made the path hard C. made the path wide D. made the path slippery根據(jù)上下文的信息暗示，如根據(jù)上下文的信息暗示，如 smooth ,easier, either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle,可推知，他們使用濕

16、的黏土或可推知，他們使用濕的黏土或牛的脂肪的目的是使道路變得光滑，這樣才能更輕松地移動(dòng)石塊。牛的脂肪的目的是使道路變得光滑，這樣才能更輕松地移動(dòng)石塊。3. The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who _.A. are particular about chocolateB. know little about cocoa beansC. look down upon othersD. like to try new flavors. A 推斷短語含義。推斷短語含義。根據(jù)起補(bǔ)充說明作用的非限根據(jù)起

17、補(bǔ)充說明作用的非限制性定語從句制性定語從句“who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others”(這些這些人認(rèn)為自己比其他人更了解巧克力人認(rèn)為自己比其他人更了解巧克力)可知，只有可知，只有A項(xiàng)項(xiàng)“are particular about chocolate”(對巧克力對巧克力很挑剔很挑剔)相符，故選相符，故選A項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。同學(xué)們在做詞義猜測題時(shí)注意不要脫同學(xué)們在做詞義猜測題時(shí)注意不要脫離語境。有些常用詞在特定的上下文中離語境。有些常用詞在特定的上下文中，或?qū)I(yè)性文章中，具有特殊的或?qū)ｉT，或?qū)I(yè)性文章中，具有特殊的

18、或?qū)ｉT的詞義。在解這類題時(shí)，必須仔細(xì)地研的詞義。在解這類題時(shí)，必須仔細(xì)地研讀劃線部分的上下文，有時(shí)閱讀的視線讀劃線部分的上下文，有時(shí)閱讀的視線還要擴(kuò)大一些。如果離開特定的語言環(huán)還要擴(kuò)大一些。如果離開特定的語言環(huán)境來理解生詞意義，必然會(huì)理解錯(cuò)誤。境來理解生詞意義，必然會(huì)理解錯(cuò)誤。 1.The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”,students who take tests for other students. 冒名替考者冒名替考者2. Although the early morning had been very cool, the

19、 noonday sun was tropical. 3. He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.熱的熱的惡化惡化 4.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.5.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.6The river is so turbid that it is impo

20、ssible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.徒勞的，無效的徒勞的，無效的凋謝凋謝,枯萎枯萎渾濁不清的渾濁不清的7.Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. 8. On the farm they mainly raise , such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. 家禽家禽裝置裝置1.(廣東廣東2014D) However, ocean expert

21、 Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way - by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United Sta

22、tes. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _.A. interestB. distanceC. differenceD. separation2.I died eight times during my coma and I couldnt talk or communicate w

23、hen I woke up. Walking was never going to happen again due to all the extreme injuries. Just like my body, my dreams were almost shattered. But I was not going to let my injuries prevent me from living my dreams. What does the underlined word “shattered” in Paragraph 3 mean? A begun B. destroyed C.

24、shared D. taken 3.(廣東廣東2008A) Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers

25、 his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager. “I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.” Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities

26、and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _.A. interestB. distanceC. differenceD. separation4.However, some 165 million children suffer from long-term undernutrition, leading to 3.1

27、million child deaths every year. It also leaves many of those children that do survive permanently impaired and unable to reach their full potential.What does the underlined word “impaired” in Paragraph 2 mean?A cared. B. needed. C. harmed. D. supported.5.（廣東（廣東2010B）It is probably not your fault, b

28、ut once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to

29、 remedy the situation. This is the winners key to success.The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to . A avoid B. accept C. improve D consider 6.In Kennons opinion, however, the cat was a hopeless case. Many doctors would have put down such a badly hurt animal. But she couldn

30、t be so cruel. The kittens bright eyes and sad face had won her over. There was no way of finding his owner, so Kennon, a single woman aged 56, decided to keep him. 7.Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was

31、a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do” over the younger one because shes the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions. But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child. The underl

32、ined expression “make a big to do over” (paragraph 4)means _.A. show much concern aboutB. have a special effect onC. list jobs to be done forD. do good things for3.(廣東廣東07A) However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the

33、sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hour- glasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. The underlined phrase sta

34、tely homes in paragraph 4 meansA. state-owned houses B. houses in very good conditionC. grand houses open to the publicD. houses where statesmen meet regularly8.However, some 165 million children suffer from long-term undernutrition, leading to 3.1 million child deaths every year. It also leaves man

35、y of those children that do survive permanently impaired and unable to reach their full potential.What does the underlined word “impaired” in Paragraph 2 mean?A cared. B. needed. C. harmed. D. supported.例例3：Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy (美味), we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked.Key: 我們從上下文知道，所謂raw meat即uncooked meat， raw和uncooked 是同義詞，因此可推測其意思是“未煮熟過的，生的”。例4：Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely.Key: 這句中unlike是關(guān)鍵詞，它提示John與他的兄弟的情況相反。據(jù)此可知handsome與homely是反義詞，故可推測homely的意思是“相貌不好看的”。例例5：She w