小升初語法--形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級

1、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級一、形容詞和副詞的比較等級形式大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞和副詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化 兩種。（1）規(guī)則變化：音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。構(gòu)成法原級比較級最咼級一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加 -er,-est。tall（高的） great（巨大的）tallergreatertallest greatest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞 和少數(shù)以-le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞 只加-r,-st 。nice（好的） large（大的） able （有能力的）nic

2、er larger ablernicest largest ablest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié) 單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字 母， 再加-er，-est。big（大的） hot熱的）bigger hotterbiggest hottest以輔音字母+y ”結(jié)尾的雙音 節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er，-est 。easy（容易的） busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiest busiest少數(shù)以-er， -ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er，-est 。clever（聰明的） narrow（窄的）cleverer n arrowercleverest n arrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音

3、節(jié)詞，在 前面加 more，most來構(gòu)成比 較級和最高級。important（重要的） easily（容易地）more importa ntmore easilymost importa ntmost easily（2）不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good（好的）/ well（健康的）betterbestill（有病的）/ bad （壞的）/ badly （壞地）worseworstmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastold （老的）older/elder比較老的/較年長的oldest/eldest最老的/最年長的far （遠(yuǎn)的 /地）farther

4、/furtherfarther/further二、形容詞和副詞比較等級的常用句型。（1） as +形容詞或副詞原級+ as1） 在否定句或疑問句中可用 soasoHe cannot run so/as fast as you.2）當(dāng)asas中間有名詞時采用以下格式。- as + 形容詞 + a + 單數(shù)名詞This is as good an example as the other is.- as + many/much + 名詞I can carry as much paper as you can.3） 用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時，放在as的前面。- This room is

5、 twice as big as that one. - Your room is the same size as mine.4）倍數(shù) + as + adj. + as v = > 倍數(shù) + then + of- This bridge is three times as long as that one.- This bridge is three times the len gth of that one.- Your room is twice as large as mine.- Your room is twice the size of mine.（2） 比較級形容詞或副詞

6、+ than- You are taller than I.注意：1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。- （錯）He is more cleverer tha n his brother.- （對）He is more clever tha n his brother.- （對）He is clever tha n his brother.2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中。-（錯）China is larger that any country in Asia.- （對）China is larger tha n any other coun tries in Asia.3 ）要注意對應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致

7、的原則。- The populati on of Shan ghai is larger tha n that of Beiji ng.-It is easier to make a pla n tha n to carry it out.4）要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時候，前面才有可能有名詞。比較： Which is large, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger coun try, Can ada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the

8、two sisters.（3）可修飾比較級的詞1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。3）以上詞（除by far）外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。典型例題1）- Are you feeling?- Yes, rm fine now.A. any wellB. any better C. quite goodD. quite better答案：B. any可修飾比較級，quite修飾原級，wel

9、l的比較級為better.2）The experiment waseasier than we had expected.A. moreB. much moreC. muchD. more much答案：C. much可修飾比較級，因此 B, C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需more，因此C為正確答案。3) If there were no exam in ati ons, we should haveat school.A. the happiest timeC. much happiest time答案：DoB. a more happier timeD. a much ha

10、ppier time重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)詳解(1) many ,old 和 far1) 如果后接名詞時，much more +不可數(shù)名詞many more +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)2) old有兩種比較級和最高級形式：-older/oldest-elder/eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系。- My elder brother is an engin eer.- Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3) far有兩種比較級，farther，further.在英語中兩者都可指距離。在美語中，father 表示距離，further 表示進(jìn)一步。 I have nothin

11、g further to say.(2) the +最高級+比較范圍1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞the,副詞最高級前可不用。形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示 非常”It is a most important problem. = It is a very important problem.注意：使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。- (錯)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.- (對)Tom is the talles

12、t of the three brothers.2) 下列詞可修飾最高級by far, far, much, mostly, almost - This hat is n early / almost the biggest. 注意：a. very可修飾最高級，但位置與 much不同。- This is the very best.- This is much the best.b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。-Africa is the seco nd largest con ti nent.3) 句型轉(zhuǎn)換：- Mike is the most intelligent in his class

13、.- Mike is more in tellige nt tha n any other stude nts in his class.4) 否定詞語+比較級” 否定詞語+ soas結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。Noth ing is so easy as this. =Noth ing is easier tha n this. =This is the easiest thing.(3)和more有關(guān)的詞組1) the more the more 越就越The harder you work , the greater progress you'llmake.2) more B than

14、A = less A than B 與其說 A 不如說 BHe is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is lessslow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 與 一樣，不比 多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than 與一樣 He is no less diligent than you.4) more than 不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all.形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級習(xí)題一、

15、選擇填空1. Which does Jimmy like, Chi nese or Art?A. well B. best C. better D. much2. The Chan gjia ng River is one of in the world.A. the Ion gest riverB. l on gest riversC. the Ion gest riversD. lo nger rivers3. The box isthan I wan ted.A. biger B. the bigerC. bigger D. the bigger4. My moon cake is ni

16、 cerhis.A. likeB. withC. forD. tha n5. You are fatter tha n.A. heB. hisC. himD. he is tall6. He jumpsof the three.A. far B. further C. farthest D. furthest7. My hair is Ion ger tha nA. my sister B. Kate C. my brother ' s D. Lucy ' s8. There arepaper here .Please bring some.A. little B. less

17、C. fewer D. a little9. The pen istha n that one.A. more cheapB. cheapC. much cheaperD. quite cheaper10. Tom speaks Chin esebetter tha n Jimmy.A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much11. There aregirls in Class Two tha n in Class Four.A. more B. ni cest C. most D. best12.It ' s toofor you to do that.A

18、. easy B. more dan gerousC. harder D. the easiest13. Who hasapples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most14. You have more rulers than me. But are nicer than .A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your15. T in gt ing is tha n Meimei, but Meimei is tha n Tin gt ing

19、.A. all, stron gerB. taller, stron gestC. tallest, strongD. taller, stron ger16. Mother isin my family.A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy17. There are in the park on Sun day.A. more childre nB. a lot of peopleC. much men and wome nD. many peoples18. -This blue sweater is too big for me .-

20、Will you please show me aone?A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. smallest19. No one isMary in the class.A. so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. so tall as20. This bike istha n that one.A. twenty yua n dearB. twenty yua n dearerC. dear twenty yua nD. dearer twenty yua n二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Your classroom is(wide) and(bright) tha n ours.2. There are(few) hours of sun light a day in wi nter tha n in summer.3. Which do you like(well) , Maths or Chemistry?4. This is the(good) film I have ever see n.5. Africa is the sec ond(large) con