句子翻譯技巧下

1、句子翻譯技巧下第五章：句子翻譯技巧（下）l 教學目的：要求熟練理解句子的翻譯技巧，從而在英漢翻譯時做到通順、準確。l 教學內(nèi)容：重譯法語態(tài)變換法詞序調(diào)整法拆譯法1. 翻譯練習 Among the eight translation techniques, there exist one called “the change of the voices”. Actually, the passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and te

2、chnology. In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or known, the passive voice is used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences in English have to be tur

3、ned into active sentences in Chinese. In fact, a translator tries to render the passive sentences into Chinese active sentences as many as possible. But the version must be made idiomatic and smooth, not ambiguous or abstruse. This is a problem which is worth our attention.the change of the voices（語

4、態(tài)變換法） A . 把被動語態(tài)譯成漢語被動句把被動語態(tài)譯成漢語被動句1) The company was enjoined from using false advertising.這家商號這家商號被禁止禁止使用虛假廣告。 2) Up to now, sulphur dioxide has been regarded as one of the most serious of these pollutants.到目前為止，二氧化硫二氧化硫一直被看作看作是這些污染物中最嚴重的一種。TIP:當句中不出現(xiàn)行為主體時，有時可以在謂語前使用“被”字來表示被動意義3) All around, the hi

5、ll were black with oil, and some were hidden by gas and drifting oil spray. 四周，由于蒙上了一層油，山巒是黑色的，有的山巒則被天然氣和在風中飄灑的噴油天然氣和在風中飄灑的噴油遮擋住了。4) The thrust force of an airplane is produced by the propeller. 飛機的推力由螺旋槳螺旋槳所產(chǎn)生。TIP: 在行為主體前使用“被”、“由”、“受”、“給”等字,在這類句子中，在“被”、“由”、“受”、“給”等字后面，在動詞前面，有一個名詞作為該動詞的邏輯主語。 使用“是的”表

6、語結(jié)構；或“為所”句型，側(cè)重說明一件事情是怎樣做或什么時候、什么地點做的等等。例如：5) Poets are born, but orators are made.詩人是天生的，而演說家則是后天造就的。6). Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down.沙灘上的足跡是走出來的。（喻“不身體力行不足以成事”）7). In his late thirties he was almost knocked down in his despondency of the unsuccessful career.近四十歲時，由于事

7、業(yè)上的挫折，他幾乎為失意所毀。8) The laws of motion will be discussed in the next articles.運動定律將在下文中予以予以討論。9) . These signals is used to indicate which data is to be read into the CPU. 這些信號用來用來指示哪些數(shù)據(jù)是（將）讀入。10). The feature of ENIAC can be summed up in one word: huge.ENIAC 的特點可用用一個字“大”來來概括。 Tip: 使用“加以”、“予以”或“用來” 字樣

8、 表達被動含義。1). His pride must be pinched.他這股傲氣應該打下去。2).The result of the invention of the stream engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.蒸汽機發(fā)明的結(jié)果是，機械力代替了人力。B . 把被動語態(tài)譯成漢語主動句把被動語態(tài)譯成漢語主動句Tip：當英語被動句中的主語是主語是無生命的名詞無生命的名詞，而且句中一般沒有由介詞by引導的行為主體時，這種句子常?？勺g成漢語的主動句，而不需加什么詞。當被動句中有地點狀語，由介詞“by”引導的

9、方式狀語以及“from”等表示的其它狀語時，有時可把這種狀語譯成主語，將介詞省略，而把原主語譯成賓語，這樣，就更符合漢語的習慣。如例2C. 把被動語態(tài)譯成漢語無主句把被動語態(tài)譯成漢語無主句1). Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered. 發(fā)現(xiàn)了錯誤一定要改正（糾正）。2). If water is heated, the molecules move more quickly.如果把水加熱，水分子就運動得更快。D. 習慣譯法習慣譯法1). Its believed that her plans for a movie career had

10、 all been merely a pipe dream.有人說她那些當明星的計劃全都是些非非遐想罷了。英語中以it 做形式主語，以被動語態(tài)作謂語，其后跟一個由that引導的主語從句的結(jié)構很多。這種結(jié)構在譯成漢語時，除把it一律省略外，通常有兩種處理方法：在被動語態(tài)前加“人們”、“有人”、“我們”、“大家”等詞1.用“據(jù)”等短語譯出2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as

11、 waiting.據(jù)估計，美國人一生中, 在乏味而令人厭煩, 卻又躲避不掉的等待上所耗費的時間,竟達五年之多。 英語中這種it做形式主語的被動句型在各類文章中比比皆是，漢譯時一般均按主動結(jié)構譯出。即將原文中的主語從句譯在賓語的位置上，而把it做形式主語的主句譯成一個獨立語或分句。常見的固定結(jié)構如：英語中以it 做形式主語，以被動語態(tài)作謂語，其后跟一個由that引導的主語從句的結(jié)構很多。這種結(jié)構在譯成漢語時，除把it一律省略外，通常有兩種處理方法：在被動語態(tài)前加“人們”、“有人”、“我們”、“大家”等詞1.用“據(jù)”等短語譯出It is generally accepted that 一般認為；大

12、家公認 It is alleged that 人們斷言 It is asserted that 有人主張（斷定） It is understood that 人們理解；不用說 It must be realized that 必須了解（認識、明白） It is said that 據(jù)說；一般認為 It is suggested that 有人建議 It is believed that 據(jù)信；人們（大家）相信 It is claimed that 有人（人們）主張；人們要求 It is declared that 據(jù)宣稱；人們宣稱 It cannot be denied that 不可否認 I

13、t is estimated that 據(jù)估計（推算） It has been found that 已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)；實踐證明 It must be kept in mind that 必須記住 It is known that 眾所周知；大家知道 It has been objected that 有人反駁 It is predicted that 據(jù)估計；據(jù)預計 It is reported that 據(jù)報道；據(jù)報告說1. The dockers were seen unloading the chemical fertilizer from S.S. “Apollo”.2. The Finnish Trade Mission was given a warm welcome by their counterparts.3. Our reasonable price has already been accepted by Sears, which will lead to further business.4今天邀大家來開座談會，目的是要和大家交換意見， 5只有你方把現(xiàn)有訂貨量增至我們所確定的最低數(shù)字，我們才能供貨。1有人看見碼頭工人有人看見碼頭工人正從“阿波羅”號輪船卸化肥。2芬蘭貿(mào)易代表團受到受到同行們的熱烈歡迎