高考必考語法精講精練專題二_代詞Word版含解析

1、 .wd.高考必考語法精講精練語法專題二：代詞代詞是英語中非常重要的一類詞，也是高考必考考點。?2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試大綱?附錄語法工程表中對代詞考察列了六項：人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞指示代詞不定代詞疑問代詞。2015年高考全國卷第54題完形填空考察的是代詞whoever、whatever、whichever與whenever的辨析；第63題語法填空考察的是its的用法；第78題短文改錯考察的是不定代詞much與many的辨析，第80題短文改錯考察的是your與our的辨析。2016年高考全國卷第44題完形填空考察的是代詞each，another，this與that的辨析；第6

2、8題語法填空考察的是its的用法給出代詞it，根據(jù)題意須將其變?yōu)閕ts；第71題短文改錯考察的是關(guān)系代詞that與which的辨析；第79題短文改錯考察的是our與his的辨析。2017高考全國卷第70題考察的是關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 I.代詞種類：1人稱代詞主格I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they賓格me， you，him， her，it， us，you，them2物主代詞形容詞性my，your， his，her，its， our， their名詞性mine， yours， his，hers，its， ours， theirs3反身代詞myself， yo

3、urself， himself， herself， itself， ourselves， yourselves， themselves4指示代詞this， that， these， those， such， some5疑問代詞who， whom， whose，which， what，whoever，whichever，whatever6關(guān)系代詞that， which， who， whom， whose， as7不定代詞one/ some/ any，each/ every，none/ no， many/ much， few/ little/ a few/ a littleother/ anoth

4、er， all/ both， neither/ either II.人稱代詞、物主代詞及反身代詞對應(yīng)關(guān)系表：我你他她它我們你們他們主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselvesIII.不定代詞用法注意點：1. one, some與any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可

5、特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否認句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I dont have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請求等。Would you like some bananas?Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，some表示某個，any表示任何一個。I have r

6、ead this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約，any可與比擬級連用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school.Do you feel any better today?2. each和every:each強調(diào)個別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. Each (of us) has a di

7、ctionary. We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak points.3. none和no：no等于not any，作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afrai

8、d of difficulties.4. other和another:1) other泛指“另外的，別的常與其他詞連用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復(fù)數(shù)為the others。如：He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) another指“又

9、一個，另一個無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事如：I dont like this shirt, please show me another (one).The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5. all和both, neither和eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否認詞表示局部否認，全部否認用neither和none.All of the b

10、ooks are not written in English. Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers. Not both of us are teachers. Either of us is a teacher.IV.高考英語短文改錯及語法填空考點分析及訓(xùn)練·代詞考點規(guī)律分析：短文改錯對代詞的考察主要涉及人稱代詞的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和單復(fù)數(shù)的一致性)、人稱代詞的主格與賓語變化、各類代詞的誤加與漏用(尤其是一些易受漢語影響的構(gòu)造)、某些不定代詞的用法(尤其是在意思上用

11、錯)、代詞在某些習(xí)語中的用法等。語法填空主要涉及代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、人稱代詞主格、賓格以及所有格之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，反身代詞及不定代詞的用法等。代詞單句改錯之真題訓(xùn)練：1. David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. 2.When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. 3.We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. 4. A

12、nd I cant forget the good food you cooked for I.5. I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon. 6.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 7.And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. 8. Now I cant watch much television, but a few years ago 9.

13、 Ill spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it.10. I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the world works. 11. in any other words, I am an only child. 12. For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place I couldnt find

14、. 13. Then he ate it all by himself. He never helped other. 14. I was learning to express me in simple English. 15. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. 16. At once I apologize and controlled me at my best till the dinner started. 17. And every year more and more people start a s

15、tamp collection of your own .18. Whats more, you have to be friendly with your pupils and take good care of him. 代詞單句改錯之模擬訓(xùn)練：1. Here are some letters for you and he. 2. She loves swimming. It keeps she fit.3.Here are the cats Auntie brought us. Take good care of it.4. Everyone here gets up earlier t

16、han her does.5. Here is my dog. Its name is Petty.6. He opened mouth as if to say something.7. Dont lose your heart. Try again. 8. The Smiths have been married, but have no children of his own. 9. I tell him everything, for he is a good friend of me. 10. He smiled at her and laid her hand on hers.11

17、. When you are away from home, you should look after you.12. If you have any question, put up hand. 13. Its a very important thing. You must think over carefully. 14.I dont like these; please show me some other.15. In order to catch the thief, the police did his best.16. This is the book which you b

18、ought it for me ten years ago.17. Im very sorry about all the whole thing.18. When I got up, I found parents were preparing breakfast for me.19. Yes, money is very important, but it is not anything.20. At the airport, all his baggage was stolen, but soon he got them back. 代詞單句改錯之提升訓(xùn)練： A級1. She gave

19、the books to you, him and I.2. Whose dictionary is this? - It's my.3. This is Tom's cap, not your.4. I haven't brought the dictionary with me. Will you lend me your?5. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of hers.6. He is too young to look after he.7. He always helps others.

20、 This is why we trust him.8. That took him three hours to finish the homework.9. Who is that man? - He is a teacher.10. They were both very tired, but none of them would stop to take a rest.B級1. It is me who am going to help her.2. He thinks more of others than of oneself.3. We had better ask the pr

21、esident him about it.4. That is exactly all what I want to tell you.5. What she said is the same as us.6. The weather in summer in Beijing is hotter than it in Guangzhou.7. He runs faster than anyone in his class.8. I don't think that possible to master a foreign language in a short time.9. Each

22、 of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of those hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.代詞單句語法填空之真題訓(xùn)練：1.On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _(it) mother.2.No news is good news, a

23、nd good news is no news._are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.3.For the first time, I feel good about _ (me) because Im doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good.4.Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.Howev

24、er, women, on average, live longer.In general, _can expect to live six or seven years more than men.5.In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from_in the UK.6.How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut i

25、t off without asking you?7.The meeting will be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure.8.To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the _.9.Niki is always full of ideas，but_is useful to my knowledge.10.The quality of education in this small school is b

26、etter than _ in some larger school.11.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.12.You can ask anyone for help._ here is willing to lend you a hand.13.When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?_.I'll be in all day.14.She'd lived i

27、n London and Manchester，but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.15.Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.16.I'd appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.學(xué)習(xí)札記：_參考答案及解析語法專題二：代詞代詞單句改錯之真題訓(xùn)練：1.去掉 it，因它與其前的關(guān)系代詞 which 語義重復(fù))2.head 前加 h

28、is，漢語可“搖頭，而英語的習(xí)慣要說 shake ones head3.They 改為 We，前后人稱不一致4.I 改為 me，因介詞之后的人稱代詞要用賓格5.去掉 both。因 both 與后面的 two 意義重復(fù)，況且詞序安排也不對6.his 改為 their，因前面的 the Smiths 指的是“史密斯夫婦或“史密斯一家，是復(fù)數(shù)意義7.they 改為 we，根據(jù)句意，主從句的主語應(yīng)該一致8.去掉 much，因為從下文看作者現(xiàn)在根本就不看電視9.去掉 all，因 all 與 whole 語義重復(fù)10.it 改為 they，因它表示 those classes11.去掉 any，因 in

29、other words 為固定短語，意思是“換句話說12.them 改為it，因它指代上文提到的a chocolate cake13.other改為others，others 泛指“其他人14.me 改為 myself，express oneself 為固定構(gòu)造，意為“說明意思、意見，表達思想15.showed 后加 it，showed 在此作及物動詞，后面缺少賓語16.me 改為 myself，根據(jù)主語和句意，此處應(yīng)用反身代詞17.your 改為 their，主語是 more and more people，故用代詞their18.him 改為 them，因為此處要代替的是 your pup

30、ils代詞單句改錯之模擬訓(xùn)練：【參考答案】1.he 改為 him，因與you并列用作介詞 for 的賓語。2. she 改為 her，因用作動詞 keeps 的賓語。3. it 改為 them，因它指代前面的cats。4.her 改為 she，因其后有動詞 does。5. Its 改為 Its，its = it is / it has，而 its 意為“它的。6. mouth 前加his，按英語習(xí)慣，此物主代詞不能少。7.去掉 your，比擬：lose heart意為灰心，lose ones heart意為愛上。8.his 改為 their，因其前相應(yīng)的名詞 the Smiths(史密斯夫婦)

31、表復(fù)數(shù)。9.me 改為 mine，a friend of 后習(xí)慣上名詞性物主代詞，不接人稱代詞的賓格形式。10.將 her hand 中的 her 改為 his，句意為“他對她笑了笑，把他的手放在她手上。11.將最后一個 you 改為 yourself，look after oneself 意為“自己照顧自己。12.hand 前加 your，否那么不合英語習(xí)慣。13.think 后加 it，因 think over 為及物動詞。14.other 改為 others，指另外的一些；假設(shè)指另外的一個，可用 another。15.his 改為 their，指代前面的 the police(它永遠表復(fù)

32、數(shù)意義)。16.去掉 it，因 it 與 which 語義重復(fù)。17.去掉 all，因它與 the whole 語義重復(fù)。18.parents 前加 my，否那么不符合英語習(xí)慣。19. anything 改為 everything，否那么語意不通。20. them 改為 it，因 baggage 為不可數(shù)名詞。代詞單句改錯之提升訓(xùn)練： A級1.I改為me2.my改為mine3.your改為yours4.your改為yours5.hers改為theirs6.第二個he改為himself7.This改為That8.That 改為The9.Who改為What10.none改為neitherB級1.me改為I2.oneself改為himself3.him改為himself4. What改為that或?qū)ll去掉5.us改為ours6.it改為that7.anyone后面加else8. That改為it9. Each改為None10.those改為which代詞單句語法填空之真題訓(xùn)練：1its根據(jù)空格后的名詞及