專八聽力講座-3大題型設(shè)置特點

1、星期 2 Tuesday 3大試題設(shè)制特點今日講堂Mini-Lecture Answer Sheet Two部分的答題卷聽兀錄音后才提供，般作為發(fā)放。答題紙上的考題設(shè)置在歸納過的聽力原文之中，考題文章長度在200 詞左右。該題型的目的是考查考生對講座內(nèi)容的理解。、提綱式命題講座的試題部分大多采用提綱的形式，把原文中的要點進行歸納和羅列，把干擾信息排除在外。提綱的特點是：首段進行概括；中間可以直接看到文章從幾個方面進行說明，而且層次分明；用語非常簡潔精練，基本上多用短語而不是句子；提綱中的文字與原文的文字不完全重合，多數(shù)進行總結(jié)概括或同義轉(zhuǎn)換。例 1】( 07-6 )【試題】m . Art as

2、 a reflectionof religious beliefsA. Europe:B. Middle East:C. Africa andthePacificIslaMasks, headdressesnds:and costumes in special cerem onies【聽力原文】But the goal of traditionalart in Africa and PacificIsla nds is the in flue nee ofspiritual powers, that isgods to enter people's lives.Each tribe o

3、r village there had special cere monies withsongs and dances to make sure that crops, ani mals andPurpose: to seek thehelp of (6)toprotectcrops,ani mals and peoplepeople are healthy and increasing in number. The dan cers in the cere monies wear masks, head dresses and costumes that they believe are

4、necessary to in flue nee gods.【分析】從提綱可以看出在提及歐洲以及中東的藝術(shù)之后，又提到非洲和太平洋群島地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)的目的。原文中講到讓眾神進入人們的生活（the goalof traditional artis gods to enter people',s隨后對該點進行說明：每個部落或村落都有一些特殊儀式，在這些儀式上，人們穿著特殊服裝載歌載 舞以感化眾神，確保莊稼、動物和人類健康、壯大。 因此歸納得出答案為Gods 。二、考點以名詞為主分析歷年的真題，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)這一部分考點涉及的詞性以名詞為主， 10個題中名詞最少也在5 個以上。這主要是因為講座的主

5、要設(shè)題點為1）講座主題或結(jié)構(gòu)性的句子中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵名詞； 2）某一事物總體特征描述時的關(guān)鍵詞；3）分述各個特點或各個方面細節(jié)時出現(xiàn)的實詞?！纠?2】（ 2011 年）題號.29395設(shè)題點72D3狓403889DC4&-276096BD9243145EFA鷄斃建33860 8444葄答案三、考查兩大能力1 ?歸納概括能力一篇長達 900 多字的文章濃縮為200 字左右的提綱，對其中的要點進行填空，可見，講座試題已經(jīng)超出單純考查聽力理解能力的層面，首要考查的是歸納概括能力。對于考生而言，這種試題有一定的難度，因為需要在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上進行概括總結(jié)。例 3】（ 09-1 ）【試題】【聽力原文

6、】I. Content of anThe nwhatisanexperime ntal report,experime ntalreport? Alle.g.the report is, really, is a placestudy subject/in which you tell the story ofareayour study, like what you did,study purposewhy you did it, what you found(1)out in the process and so on.【分析】講座在提出What is an experimentalrep

7、ort? 之后，回答到實驗報告應(yīng)包含：what youdid, why you did it及 what you found out三個方面，即研究的主題、研究的目的以及研究結(jié)果。根據(jù)提綱中前面兩條的格式，應(yīng)將what you foundout 概括成名詞詞組的形式study results/findings。2 ?細節(jié)捕捉能力文章長，信息量大是講座材料的特征。可見對考生細節(jié)捕捉能力的考查也是本題型的主要目的。此類試題的答案一般可以直接從原文中得出，多數(shù)捕捉到原詞即為答案，少數(shù)需要對捕捉到的細節(jié)進行一下轉(zhuǎn)述?！纠?4】( 10-6 )【試題】2. other cultures plac ing

8、 handupon heart: (6) _ poin ting at no se: secret_25823 64DF擟 23590 5C26尦 LA24037 5DE5 工 284 仃6F01 漁 30288 7650癐【聽力原文】In other cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are telling the truth. Pointing your fin ger at your nose means it ' a secret. That ' why we say

9、that gestures are culture bound.【分析】作者在介紹其他文化中一些動作所代表的含義時提到將手放在心上表示you are telling thetruth ，故本空可直接填入truth ?！纠?5】( 10-5 )【試題】【聽力原文】B. gestureGestures are related to culture.1. British cultureshrugg ingHere, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In British En glish behavior, shrug

10、g ing shoulders may indicate an“1 donshoulders: (5)scratch inghead: puzzleme nt,orattitude of't care “1don ' t know ” While scratching your head may indicate that you are at a loss.【分析】介紹了面部表情之后，作者隨后談到肢休的副語言特征的第二類：姿勢。舉例時作者提到InBritishEnglishbehavior,shruggingshouldersmayindicatean attitudeof

11、“don 'care ” ， or “don 'know ”，本空應(yīng)該填入名詞（短語），因此將1 don ' care轉(zhuǎn)述為 lack of interest或 indifferenee 。今日練習(xí)Mini-Lecture 1How to Keep Food Fresh Lon gerI. The importa nee of keep ing food freshA. Food we throw away doubles that of20 years ago.B. A typical family of four spending$364 a week will l

12、ose about (1)year.II. Ways to prolong the time before foods spoilA. Methods to keep herbs fresh bW20826 515A 黨 420465 4FF1(1)395809A9C 驁p38155950B 鋒a e3779493A2 鎢(2)(3)俱 Xv1. The best way is to store them2. Seal them in zip lock bags after(3)and put them in therefrigerator.B. Methods to keep flour,

13、rice and pasta1. They usually last long.2. With the bay leaves to protectthem, most (4)will last forseveral mon ths.C. Some suggesti ons on preserv ing cheese1. The key to keep cheese moist in the freezer is to put some butter on it.2. This method works best on(5).D. Ways to maintain the freshness o

14、f salt 1. The most importa nt thi ng to keepsalt is to (6) and preve nt it from clump ing together.(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)2. Some (7)will stop the saltfrom harde ning.E. Tips about honey(8)in honey keeps it fromgoing bad.Whe n honey crystallize, do not throw itfor (9)will make itclear aga in.F. Ways

15、to test the fresh ness of eggs1. Fresh eggs sink in water while spoiled ones float.2. Spoiled eggs have(10) whe nthe shell is cracked ope n. Mini-Lecture 2En glish Busin ess Letter Format I. Dema nds of stati onerythe first page is with a letterheadother pages are of(1)andcolorone thing a personal l

16、etter shouldUs ing letterheadII. Matters n eed ing atte ntio n as to typ ingiden tical typeface and size(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)S36008 8CA8貨"34583 8717蝸 328828072 聲-25376 6320撓 4correct grammar and spelli ngn eat arran geme ntuse of(3)to promote theappeara nee of the letterIII. Seeti ons of a traditi

17、 onal bus in ess letterA. Retur n addressjustifying each line normally putting it at the topexelud ingB. Date of the letterwhite space between the return addressand the date is(5)no wadaysC. In side addressconsisting of receiver s name and his/her addressD Ways to (6) the intended recipie ntE. Mai n

18、 part(8)(9)(10)痻 31011 7923礣 36985paragraphs are(7)fully squared paragraphs should becautiously(8)F. Closi ngG. Typed writer'name,v30203 75FB9079 遹 S35030 88D6裖 psig nature is above the typed n ame while job title is below itIV. Suppleme ntary requireme ntsputtingCc at the bottom when(9) are n e

19、cessaryputt ingthein itialsof theprofessi onal typistnoting en closuresresist ing templates which are usuallyCW-答疑解惑34137 8559 蕙 28864 70C0 烀 V)27078 69C6 槆 39133 98DD 飝Mini-Lecture 1【聽力原文】Good morning, every one! As we can see, everyday people throw out lots of food because it's gone bad. It is

20、 really a huge waste. So in today ' lecture, we will discuss several ways to prolong the time before foods spoil.According to Money magaz ine, the average household tosses out, on average, 14 perce nt of the food they buy. That's n early double what we threw out 20 years ago. If the typical

21、family of four spe nds $182 a week, that's $25 lost per week and approximately $1,325 per year.Now let ' beg in our discussi on about ways you keep that food in your frig and money in your pocket. In today ' lecture, we mainly focus on several most com mon kinds of【答案解析】1. $2750【解析】講座的開始

22、首先簡單地提到了每天人們都扔掉大量變質(zhì)的食物的情況，講座中提到一個 每周消費 $185的 四口之家每年會因為丟棄的食物浪費掉 $ 1325 。故 可以推斷消費$370的四口之家一年要浪費的 是消費 $185家庭 的兩倍，即$2750 。2.inwholebunches【解析】本題所在處考查對草藥的保存。由講座food.Firstly, I ' like to in troduce methods to keep herbs fresh. You know herbs tend to be expe nsive, and you usually have to buy more tha

23、n you eed for one dish, so you want to make them last as long as possible. The best way to keep herbs fresh is to store them in whole bun ches. First wash them, then seal them in zip lock bags and place them in the freezer. Storing them this way should keep them at peak fresh ness for up to a mon th

24、. That's more than double the time they would last in the fridge. And whe n you are ready to use them, you'll find they are actually easier to chop froze n and they'll defrost in a hurry once you toss them into a hot pan.Secon dly, we will talk about flour, rice and pasta which中的 The bes

25、t way to keep herbs fresh is to store them in whole bun ches 可知答案為 in n whole bun ches 。3. washing the herbs/wash ing them【解析】本題設(shè)題處依然是草藥的保存方法。講座中條理清晰地講了草藥的保存方法，首先要 wash them, 然后裝入密封袋內(nèi)，之后放入冰箱。故可知裝入密封袋前先要清洗草藥，答案為 washing theherbs 或 washingaren't foods you typically have to worry about going bad an

26、y timesoon. Flour keeps for 6-12 mon ths and pasta up to two years. But these foods aresusceptible to little bugs called weevils. To help ward off theweevils try slipp ing a bay leaf into your storage container. The sce nt of the bay leave will help repel the bugs. Other items bay leaves will protec

27、t are barley, cornm eal and oatmeal. Most cereal products will be just finefor mon ths with the bay leaves to protect them. Also con sider scatteri ng a few leaves on yourpantry shelves to repel moths, roaches and mice.The third category I want to discuss is cheese. You probably n ever thought about

28、 putt ing butter on your cheese,them 。4.cerealproducts【解析】本題所在處考查對米面類食物的保存。由講座中的Mostcerealproducts will bejust fine formon ths with thebay leaves toprotect them可判斷答案為cereal products 。5. hard cheese【解析】本題所在處針對奶酪的保鮮設(shè)題。講座中提到在奶酪的切面涂上黃油對奶酪保鮮作用很大。后來又提到This trick worksbut that's the key to keep ing itb

29、est on hardmoist when storing it in thecheeses sealed inrefrigerator. Simply spreadwax, 由此可將butter or margarine on the cut答案簡化為sides and you help seal in thehard cheese 。moisture. This trick works best6. keep it dryon hard cheeses sealed in wax.【解析】本題針Next, we are going to對鹽的保鮮設(shè)see ways to keep vegg

30、ies fresh.題。由講座中的The reas on these veggies wilt isThe key here isdue to water loss. The best way toto keep the saltre-crisp them is by putting themdry ，可知食鹽保in ice water. You can let them存的關(guān)鍵在于保soak in the ice water for up to a持鹽的干燥，故half hour. The ice water答案為 keep itpen etrates their cells and hel

31、psdry 。restore the crun ch. Some foodies7. dry ricealso suggest that toss ing in a few382409560镠slices of raw potato with the2529162CB拋wilted veggies helps speed things230595A13娓up the re-crisp ing.238675D3B崻The fifth class which is298417491璑an in dispe nsable and vital6.eeleme nt to huma n health i

32、s salt.The key here is to keep the salt dry and keep it from clump ingtogether. An ybody that livesdown south where the humidityis particularly high probably has had their salt shakers clogged up.If you put a little bit of dry rice inthe shaker it will stop the saltfrom harde ning. The rice works li

33、ke a spon ge, absorb ingconden sati on that can causeclumps.Then the next food weare talk ing is someth ing that can be stocked up. One staple youcan stock up on whe n it's on saleis butter. If you shop inwarehouse stores, such as Costco,don't be afraid to buy it in bulk.Butter will keep in

34、your freezerfor up to six mon ths. Just be sureto store it in an airtight container or you run the risk of it taking onthe flavor of other items in your【解析】本題設(shè)題點依然是鹽的保存。由講座中的 If you put alittle bit of dryriceintheshaker it willstop the saltfrom harde ning可知干燥的大米可以防止食鹽變硬，故答案為 dryrice 。8. The sugar【解析

35、】本題針對有關(guān)蜂蜜的一些知識設(shè)題。講座中提到蜂蜜是唯一不會變質(zhì)的食物，接著講到蜂蜜不會變壞的原因，講座提到蜂蜜中的糖本身就是防腐劑（ afreezer.The next tip I will givegoes for both cottage cheese andsour cream n either have a very long shelf life, so here is away to make them last lon ger. Simply place the cottage cheeseor sour cream container in the fridge upside

36、dow n. What does that do? By in vert ing the tub it creates a vacuum effect thatstifles the growth of bacteria that can cause the food to spoil.Before we move to the next variety, here is a questi on: What is the only food that does n't spoil? The an swer: hon ey. The sugar in honey is itself a

37、preservative. Honey is also acidic,which helps to keep bacteria out. While it does n't go bad, all honeywill crystallize at some point. But don't toss it out. The crystals are just sugar and with a little gen tlepreservative),可見使蜂蜜不會變質(zhì)的就是其中的糖，故可推斷答案為 thesugar 。9.alittlewarmi ng【解析】本題考查點依然是蜂蜜

38、的保鮮知識。講座中提到蜂蜜有時會結(jié)晶，但是千萬不要將結(jié)晶的蜂蜜扔掉。接著提到了對付結(jié)晶的方法，由講座中的 with alittlegen tlewarmingyoucan make thehoneyclearagain 可知只需稍微加熱，蜂蜜warm ing you can make the honey clear aga in. Try microwav ing it on medium heat for 30 sec onds at a time.Now let ' come to the last category. If you are ever un sure of the

39、fresh ness of your eggs maybe you don't quitetrust the date on the cart on there's a simple way to test the fresh ness. Fill up a container with water and place the eggs in it. Fresh eggs will sink; bad or spoiled eggs will float. Accord ing to the USDA website, an egg can float in water whe

40、n its air cell has enl arged sufficie ntly to keep it buoya nt. This means the egg is old, but it may be perfectly safe to use. Crack the egg into a bowl and exam ine it for an off-odor or unu sual appeara nee before decid ing to use or discard it. A spoiled egg will have an就會重新變清，故答案可簡化為alittle war

41、ming。10.anun pleasa nt odor【解析】本題所在處針對雞蛋的保存設(shè)題。根據(jù)常識我們知道壞掉的雞蛋打開后會有難聞的怪 味，且由講座中A spoiled egg willhave anunpleasant odorwhen you breakopen the shell ，可確定答案為 an unpleasa nt odor 。un pleasa nt odor whe n you break ope n the shell, either whe n raw or cooked.OK, to sum up, in today ' lecture, we talk a

42、bout the ways to keep several varieties of food fresh. I do hope the tips give n in the lecture will be of some help in your daily life. Thank you for your atte nti on!Mini-Lecture 2【聽力原文】Good morning, every on e. I believe that some of En glish majors wanna work for foreig n trade compa nies after

43、graduation. So today I will focus on English bus in ess letter format which are very useful.Whe n a bus in ess that has letterhead stationery writes a bus in ess letter, the first page of the letter uses paper with the prin ted letterhead and "succeed ing pages, if any, use match ing quality an

44、d color sheets without the letterhead. A bus ess with very good quality【答案解析】1. match in g/similar quality【解析】本講座圍繞英語商務(wù)信函的格式展開，內(nèi)容分為信紙要求、書寫要求、信函內(nèi)容、以及附屬要求四部分。本題所在處涉及信紙要求的第in二點，即第一頁之后的部分用質(zhì)量和顏色與第一頁相printing might gen erate the letterhead graphic with an image embedded in a word processordocume nt. 2A n in dividual no rmally won't use letterhead stati onery and won't attempt to fake it. An attempt at letterhead that produces a tacky result or that conveys pompousness produces effects that you want to avoid.In a bus in ess letter, every