初中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)10411

1、被動語態(tài)語法專項(xiàng)講解與訓(xùn)練 (一) 語態(tài)分類：英語動詞分主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。 Tom(執(zhí)) cleans(謂動) the room(承) every day.(主動)The room(承) is cleaned(謂動) by Tom(執(zhí)) every day. (被動) 被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞done， 即be done ，常譯為“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動關(guān)系。 (二) 被動語態(tài)的用法(1) 動作的執(zhí)行者很明顯。這時(shí)往往不用by 短語。Word processing skills are

2、taught in our computer lessons.(2)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 Some new computers were stolen last night. (3) 突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者。如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。 The window was broken by Mike. 窗戶是邁克打破的。(三) 被動語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化：通過助動詞be的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化來體現(xiàn)，done不變。注意主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。以do為例，掌握下列時(shí)態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，形式變化如下：1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are + done2一般過去時(shí)：was / were + don

3、e3一般將來時(shí)：shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has + been + done5情態(tài)動詞： can/may/must/should/have to be done 以下時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)作一般了解：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was / were + being + done過去完成時(shí)：had + been + done 過去將來時(shí)：should / would + be done(四) 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法 My aunt invited m

4、e to her dinner party.執(zhí)行者 動詞 承受者 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.承受者 謂語 by+執(zhí)行者1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be + 過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by 短語可以省略。練習(xí)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：People grow rice in the south of the country._ _ _ in the south of the country.2. 一般過去時(shí)：Nan

5、cy Jackson designed the CD-ROM.The CD-ROM _ _ _ Nancy Jackson.3. 一般將來時(shí)：They will hold the charity show in the school hall.The charity show _ _ _ in the school hall.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：He has brought his book here.His book _ _ _ here.5含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework _ _ _ _

6、after class.(五) 語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題1. 把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，先找原主動句中的動賓短語，其謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought. (正確)A new computer have been bought. (錯誤)2. 含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was give

7、n a present on my birthday.如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可說： A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1. 下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞 to，如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, show, teach, tell 等。 (1) The book was shown to the class.(2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞 for, 如： buy, cook, get, keep

8、, make, order, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Some country music was played for us. 3. 由動詞+ 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動詞有：動詞+介詞，如: laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work on等。動詞+副詞，如: sell out, find out, give up, hand

9、in, work out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn on, wake up等。 The most difficult problem was worked out by Tom. The song is often listened to by girls.4. 帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時(shí)，把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如： (1) We always keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean)The classro

10、om is always kept clean. (sth be kept clean)(2) She told us not to stay up late. (tell sb not to do )We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do )注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都補(bǔ)上to。 We often hear him play the guitar.He is of

11、ten heard to play the guitar.記住下列變化：see sb dobe seen to dohear sb do.be heard to dolisten to sb dobe listened to to domake sb dobe made to do5. 有些動詞既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或使用性能，是不及物動詞，不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如： (1)The cloth washes easily. 這布

12、很好洗。(2)The new computer sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。(3)The printer prints quickly. 這個打印機(jī)打印很快。對比：The books sell well. (主動句)The books were sold out. (被動句)6. 只有動賓結(jié)構(gòu)才有被動語態(tài)。下列情況的主動句不能改為被動句：第一，感官連系動詞無被動意義，如：feel, look, seem, taste, sound, smell等。 (1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.誤：It is felt

13、very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious.誤：The food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：take place, break out, belong to, come out, come true等。如： The accident took place last night.誤：The accident was taken place last night.第四，

14、不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, lie等。 The sun has already risen.誤：The sun has already been risen.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如： I taught myself English.誤：Myself was taught English.7. 在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：據(jù)說 It is said that 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo) It is reported that it is going

15、 to rain tomorrow.眾所周知 It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.8. 注意區(qū)別系表結(jié)構(gòu)（be+adj.）和被動語態(tài)。His glasses are broken. (系表) His glasses were broken by the cat.(被動)The door is closed. (系表)The door was closed by Tom. (被動)He is surprised. (系表)He was surprised by the snake. (被動)被動語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

16、（一）一、 用動詞的正確語態(tài)填空。1. English _(speak) the most widely in the world.2. A Piano concert _(give) here last Friday.3. The town _(call) Rugao.4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.5. What _ a knife _ (make) of? It _(make) of metal and wood.6. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospi

17、tal.7. The room _ (clean) by Mum already. You dont need to clean it.8. The sports meeting _ (hold) in a week.9. He is happy that his dream _(come) true.10. The cinema _ (build) in 1985. 11. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 12. _ the magazine _ (can take) out of th

18、e library?三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。 （1×30=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改為主動語態(tài)）_ people _ tea in South China？2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）A birthday present _  _  _  _by my parents every year3.The work is going to be finished

19、0;in two days. (對劃線提問)How_  _ the work going to be finished ?4. The children will sing an English song. (改為被動語態(tài))  An English song _  _  _ by the children.5. You needn't do it now. (改為被動語態(tài))  It _  _  _ by you now.6. People use metal for makin

20、g machines. (改為被動語態(tài))  Metal _  _  _making machines.7. He made me do that for him. (改為被動語態(tài))  I _  _  _  _ that for him.8.They are watching the football match.The football match _   _  _  by them.9.Did they build

21、 a bridge here a year ago? (改為被動語態(tài))  _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改為被動語態(tài))  The light green dresses _  _  _ out.11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改為被動語態(tài))The game _  _ “Lianliankan” by us.二.選擇題( )1._ a ne

22、w library _ in our school last year?A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build( )2.An accident _ on this road last week. A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened( )3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow( )4.So far,the moon _ by man alr

23、eady.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives( )6.How many trees _ this year? A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted( )7.A lot of things _ by peop

24、le to save the little girl now. A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done( )8.Neither of them _ in China. A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made( )9.Look! A nice picture _ for our teacher. A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws( )10.Your shoes _. You need a new pai

25、r. A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn( )11.The doctor _ for yet. A.isn't sent B.hasn't been sent C.won't be sent D.wasn't sent( )12.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A.did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used( )13.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A.knows

26、 B.knew C.is known D.was known( )14.I _ in summer. A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent( )16.Who _ this book _? A.did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was;written( )17.Mary _ sh

27、ow me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to( )18.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us( )19.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump( )20.The school bag _ behind the chair. A.puts B.can be put

28、 C.can be putted D.can put( )21.Older people _ well.A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after( )22.Our teacher _ carefully.A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened被動語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（二）一、把下列句子改寫成被動語態(tài)1.They make machines in that factory. _2.Every body li

29、kes this song. _3.He doesn't show the stamps to me. _4.People don't grow rice in the west of Japan._5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble._6.Do the workers build many buildings? _7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? _8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? _9.What does the teacher ofte

30、n tell the boys to do?_10.How many desks do they buy every term?_11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week._12.Granny told us a story last night. _二.選擇題: ( ) 1. Great changes _ in China.A. are happened      B. was happened C. has happened  D. have happened(

31、 ) 3. The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known( ) 4. Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written( ) 5. A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us( ) 6.The monkey was seen _ o

32、ff the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump( ) 7. The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. be put D. can put( ) 8. Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after( ) 9. Do you know what_?A. it calls B. does it call C. it is called D. is it called( ) 10. This old machine _ the room wet.A. used to keep B. used to keeping C. was used to keep