如何培養(yǎng)中學(xué)生的閱讀能力

1、如何培養(yǎng)中學(xué)生的閱讀才能" ?中學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱?中規(guī)定：中學(xué)英語教學(xué)要“側(cè)重培養(yǎng)閱讀才能。因此培養(yǎng)閱讀才能越來越被廣闊 中學(xué)師生所重視。然而，有些學(xué)生盡管讀了一些課外讀物，做了許多理解練習(xí)題，但閱讀理解才能仍不見進(jìn)步 。語言程度低當(dāng)然是一個主要原因，沒有一定的語言才能就談不上閱讀才能。但是，除了語法、詞匯、句型結(jié) 構(gòu)這些語言因素外，影響閱讀理解的，還有一些非語言知識的因素，如邏輯推理、評價判斷才能，以及背景知 識的多寡等等。閱讀理解首先應(yīng)搞清詞義。一個英語單詞往往有多種含義，而它的詳細(xì)含義只有在句子中才能確定。因此 ，在文段中確定單詞的意思是一項重要的閱讀技能。確定單詞的意思首先可以

2、根據(jù)它的詞類和它在句中的位置 來判斷。例如：only這個詞，用作形容詞時意為“唯一的、“僅有的，用作副詞時作“只是、“僅、 “不過解。請看下面的句子，注意only的位置。Only he lost his dictionary.只有他丟了字典。He only lost his dictionary.他只丟了字典。He lost only his dictionary.他丟的只是他的字典。He lost his only dictionary.他丟了他唯一的一本字典。He lost his dictionary only.他不過丟了字典而已。判斷一個單詞的意思不但離不開句子，而且還需要把句子放在上

3、下文中，根據(jù)上下文提供的線索加以猜測 。下面介紹幾種猜測詞意的方法請猜劃線的單詞。一、同義詞線索I did not have a roll on my plate,but I do not like bread very much anyway.我盤子里沒有面包圈 ，反正我也不喜歡吃面包。從后半句可以看出，說話人不喜歡吃面包。可見roll也是一種面包。通過bread這個詞，可以猜出roll的詞 義。二、環(huán)境線索We are glad that we live near the sea because we love to eat flounder.我們非常快樂住在海邊， 因為我們非常愛吃比目魚

4、。這句話假設(shè)只看后半句，很難判斷“flounder的意思，而從前半句所提供的處所“the sea，那么可推斷 出flounder是一種魚或水產(chǎn)品。三、用途線索We like our new house because it has a few elms in the back yardthat will give us shade and keep the house cooler.我們喜歡新家，因為在它的后院有幾棵榆樹給我們遮陰，使得房子涼爽。通過elms具有能給房子遮陰、使房子涼爽的作用，我們不難猜出elms是一種樹。四、比照線索She is usually prompt for all

5、her classes but today she arrivedin the middle of her first cl ass.她一般都是準(zhǔn)時上課，但是今天第一節(jié)課上了一半她才到。but一詞表示意思的轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思應(yīng)是相反的。后半句的意思是她今天在“第一節(jié)課上了一半 時才來，由此反向推斷，可得出她平時一向“準(zhǔn)時的結(jié)論。五、說明線索Ann is very smart.She always knows the answers to all the teachers'questions.Ann很聰明。她總 是能答復(fù)教師們所有的問題。第二句是對第一句的補充說明，一個能答復(fù)教師

6、們所有問題的女孩一定是很“聰明的。六、順序線索After Ms Ellis put the letter in the envelope,she sealed it andput a stamp on it.Ms Ellis把信 裝進(jìn)信封里，她把信封封上，然后貼上郵票。寄信時，正常的順序應(yīng)是先把信裝入信封，封上口，然后貼上郵票。根據(jù)前后動作，不難看出seal是“封 口的意思。當(dāng)然，閱讀僅靠猜測詞義還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。閱讀的過程就是推測、判斷、證實和再推測、再判斷的過程。在閱 讀過程中，我們要運用自己的知識及邏輯分析才能，對文段的中心思想、作者的觀點、語氣、人物的性格、事 實的原由以及文段字里行間暗含的

7、意思進(jìn)展推測。請看下面的句子。The doctor gave my sister some medicine,but it didn't change hercondition.從這句話里我們獲取的事實或信息是：A.My sister didn't like the medicine.B.My sister took the medicine.C.The medicine made my sister sick.D.The medicine changed her condition.正確答案是B。雖然句子沒有直接提到my sister是否吃了藥，但從后半句可以得知她顯然是吃了

8、藥，否那么 怎么能知道這藥不起作用呢？有時猜測和判斷還涉及概括才能。例如：The teacher said that we should study Lesson 4 and do Exercise 2on page 17 because we may ha ve a test tomorrow.What did the teacher do?A.Studied for a test.B.Gave homework.C.Prepared a test.D.Opened the book to page 17.正確答案是B。通過對所說的話進(jìn)展總結(jié)概括，不難看出，教師是在布置作業(yè)。有時推測還需要簡

9、單的計算。例如：This class meets on Monday,Wednesday,and Friday,and there is a test at every sixth class mee ting.When are tests?A.on Monday B.on WednesdayC.on FridayD.on the sixth of the month正確答案是C。這個班每星期一、三、五上課，既然每上第六次課時就有一次考試，所以每次考試總是在星 期五。另外，閱讀時，由于有些學(xué)生缺乏幽默感，因此對文章中人物的性格、說話口氣的理解往往出現(xiàn)偏向，品 味不出幽默和挖苦的真正含義，以致選

10、錯答案。請看下面短文。The Doctor's CallThere was ice on the road,and the doctor's car hit a tree and turned over three times.To hissurprise,he was not hurt.He got out ofthe car and walked to the nearest house.He wanted to tele phone the garage for help.The door was opened by one of his patients.“Oh，Doc

11、tor，she said，“I have only just teleplone you.You must have a very fast car.Youhave got here very quickly indeed.Therehas been a very bad accident in the road outside.I saw i t through the window.I am sure the driver will need your help.Where was the doctor going in his car?A.We don't know. B.To

12、a patient's home.C.To a garage. D.To his own home.Which of the following was the cause of the accident?A.Careless driving.B.A tree had fallen across the road.C.A slippery road.D.There was a thick fog.The doctor went to the house because_.A.he knew one of his patients lived thereB.he had received

13、 a call to go thereC.he wanted to use the telephoneD.he was injured and could walk no furtherWhy did the woman patient telephone the doctor?A.She needed medical treatment.B.She believed somebody else needed a doctor.C.To ask how quickly the doctor could come.D.To ask whether the doctor was coming on

14、 his regular visit.How did the woman feel on opening the door and seeing the doctor?A.She had been expecting the doctor,but was surprised that he had come so quickly.B.She had not expected the doctor and wondered why he had come.C.She felt glad that the doctor was not hurt in the accident.D.She was

15、alarmed at seeing the doctor in a bad state afterthe accident.Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story?A.“Yes,he does need help,your help,not mine.B.“Another accident?I've just had an accident myself!C.“I got your call and rushed o

16、ver.I hope I'm not too late.D.“I didn't get your cal" l.But I'm here and hope I can help.第一題，短文中并沒有提到醫(yī)生要去何處，答案自然是A。第二題，文章一開始就介紹了路上有冰。答案是C。第三題，短文并沒有提及醫(yī)生知道那是誰家，也沒有交待醫(yī)生接了 ，醫(yī)生也沒有受傷。而短文中卻提 到醫(yī)生想給汽車修理站打 。答案顯然是C。第四題，因為這位婦女目睹了這起事故，所以她相信一定會有人受傷需要救治。答案是B。第五題，她盼望醫(yī)生會來，但沒想到來得這么快。此意在文章中也可以找到。答案應(yīng)該是A。第六題就涉及到語氣。醫(yī)生明白，并沒有其別人出車禍。所以他很可能用詼諧與幽默的口吻對他的病人說 ：“是啊，他是需要幫助。他需要你的幫助，不是我的幫助。同時也可以想象，隨后醫(yī)生一定會