中考英語(yǔ)詞類復(fù)習(xí)

1、中考英語(yǔ)詞類復(fù)習(xí)1、名詞: 可數(shù)(1)掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成直接在詞尾 + s(boys, pencils)以ch, sh, s, x結(jié)尾的 + es(watches, buses)以“輔音字母 + y”結(jié)尾的, 變y為i + es(families, cities)以f, fe結(jié)尾的, 變f, fe為v + es(knives, leaves)不規(guī)則變化(children, women, fish, tomatoes)注意單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞: sheep, Chinese, Japanese.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞: people, trousers, clothes, thanks.(2)掌握名詞

2、的所有格的兩種表示法有生命的人或動(dòng)物的所有格常在單詞后邊加s無生命的事物的所有格用of。my mothers bagthe dogs housethe door of our classroom注意, 加s構(gòu)成所有格時(shí), 如果名詞本身是以s結(jié)尾的則只加, 不加s。(3)不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式, 且前邊不能用不定冠詞, 也不能用數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。使用量詞短語(yǔ)表示數(shù)量。a piece of newsa cup of tea2、冠詞(1)掌握不定冠詞a和an的用法用在第一次提到的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前或泛指一類人或物及固定詞組中。(2)掌握定冠詞the的用法用來特指某人或

3、某物。用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物的名稱前。用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前, 表示夫婦或一家人。某些詞組中的固定搭配。3、代詞(1)分清人稱代詞的主格和賓格的用法主格在句子中作主語(yǔ)。賓格在句子中作賓語(yǔ)。(2)分清形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法形容詞性物主代詞后邊必須跟著它所修飾的名詞。名詞性物主代詞后邊不能再跟名詞。(3)反身代詞的構(gòu)成和用法反身代詞在句中主要起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用, 詞組有teach oneself, learn by oneself(4)掌握以下不定代詞的基本用法some一些。常用于肯定句, 可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。any一些, 任何。常用于任何否定句, 疑問句

4、條件句中, 可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。注意與some或any組合生成的詞(something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone), 其用法與some和any基本相同。each可單獨(dú)使用, 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體, 用于兩者或兩者以上的每個(gè)人或物, 可作名詞和形容詞使用。every不可單獨(dú)使用, 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體, 用于三者或以上的情況, 只能作形容詞用。both, all, neither, none, either, any, the other的區(qū)別。 含義對(duì)象都都不任何(一個(gè))每(一個(gè))另(一個(gè))twobothneithereithereachthe

5、 otherthreeallnoneanyeveryanother(5)初步掌握it用來表示自然現(xiàn)象、時(shí)間、距離及作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的用法。Its 3 oclock in the afternoon.Its about 5 kilometres away.Its raining now.Its important to learn English well.Youll find it easy to make a kite.4、數(shù)詞(1)掌握基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及基本用法。注意以下幾個(gè)序數(shù)詞的寫法:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twe

6、lfth, twentieth, thirty-first one hundredth(2)掌握千以內(nèi)數(shù)字的寫法:8, 231eight thousand two hundred and thirty-one(3)掌握年、月、日的表達(dá)法及日常交際用語(yǔ)中數(shù)字的表達(dá)法:(on) August seventh, 1979; page 58; Unit25; Class Three Grade One; the No.168 Middle School(4)掌握下列詞組的用法:hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, three hundred students5

7、、形容詞和副詞(1)形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成及使用。原級(jí): 沒有比較用原級(jí), 特定句型用原級(jí)(asas, not asas, not soas)。比較級(jí): 兩者比較用比較級(jí), 句中有A or B句型或than。最高級(jí): 三者或三者以上比較用最高級(jí), 句中有A, B or C句型或由in或of引出比較范圍。 其它表達(dá)法: 比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)表“越來越”, The + 比較級(jí), the + 比較級(jí)表“越越”eg: Mike is tall.This room is as big as that one.This lesson isnt as interesting as

8、 lesson Three.Tom doesnt run so fast as Jack.Which is better, this one or that one?My sister writes more carefully than my brother.Who is the tallest, Jack, John or Tom?He is the most careful in our class.Changjiang River is the longest river in China.Spring is coming. Its getting warmer and warmer.

9、The barder he studied, the more knowledge he got.形容詞副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成a、直接 + er / + estb、以e結(jié)尾的 + er / + estc、以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的變y為i + er / + estd、重讀閉音節(jié)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的, 雙寫 + er / + este、不規(guī)則變化f、多音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞, 在詞前加more或most(2)易混的副詞辨析:already, 多用于肯定句, yet多用于否定句或疑問句中too, also, either都表示“也”too和also都用于肯定句中, too常放在句尾, also常放在

10、句中, either用于否定句的句尾。6、介詞(1)表示時(shí)間的介詞in, on, atin用于較長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間, 星期, 月份, 季節(jié), 年, 朝代世紀(jì)或非特指的早、午、晚等。on具體某一天或具體某一個(gè)早、午、晚。at在某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間或某個(gè)瞬間。eg: in 1988, in the 21st century, in winter, in March, in the moring, on Saturday evening, on the May seventh, on a windy night, on the afternoon, of October 31st, at eight oclock,

11、at night, at noon, at the end of, at this moment, at this time, at the age of(2)in與after表示“以后”時(shí)的區(qū)別in表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以后”, 常用于將來時(shí)態(tài)中。after常用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中, 表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之后。eg: Well come back in two weeks.我們將在兩周后回來。They came back after two weeks.兩周以后, 他們回來了。(3)ago與before表示“在以前”時(shí)的區(qū)別ago表示從現(xiàn)在算起的“以前”, 常常是“一段時(shí)間 + ago”before

12、表示以過去為起點(diǎn)的“以前”時(shí), 常常是“一段時(shí)間 + before”, 如果是:”“before + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間”, 則只表示在某一點(diǎn)以前。eg: He went to the library 2 hours ago.He said he had gone to the library 2 hours before.They will start before eight oclock tomorrow morning.I went to bed before nine yesterday evening.(4)for與duringfor + 一段時(shí)間常表示“持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間”, 而during則

13、表示在期間eg: He has been in Beijing for 3 years.I was in Beijing during last summer.(5)in與at表示方位時(shí)at與小的地點(diǎn)連用, 有“在某一點(diǎn)”的含義。in與大的地方連用有“在范圍之內(nèi)”的含義。He was lost at the station.The twins were born in a big city.(6)over, above與on表示“在上”的區(qū)別。over指沒有接觸面的正上方, 反義詞是under。above指沒有接觸面的上方, 在高一些的位置, 反義詞是below。on指有接觸面的, 在的表面上

14、。The plane is above the clouds.The bridge is over the river.The cup is on the table.(7)熟練掌握介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞搭配構(gòu)成的詞組, 另外還要注意, 介詞的后邊要跟名詞作它的賓語(yǔ), 如果是動(dòng)詞, 則要變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞(doing)的形式。如: She is good at singing.Im good at English.7、連詞(1)掌握連詞的含義與用法and(和, 并), but(但是), or(否則, 或者), so(所以, 于是), when(當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候), eitheror(或者或者, 不是就是),

15、 neithernor(既不也不), sothat(如此以致于)8、動(dòng)詞(1)熟練掌握動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞, 第三人稱單數(shù), 過去式, 和過去分詞的構(gòu)成。注意牢記不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞。(2)掌握四類動(dòng)詞的一般用法:實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分為及物和不及物兩種, 在句中作謂語(yǔ)。連系動(dòng)詞be, look, feel, get, turn, become, keep等, 在句中與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成相當(dāng)于謂語(yǔ)部分的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。助動(dòng)詞幫助謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不同的時(shí)態(tài)和否定句, 疑問句, 不能單獨(dú)使用, 也無含義。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以說是一種特殊的助動(dòng)詞, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 后邊必須跟動(dòng)詞原形, 而且本身不但有含義而且可以直接構(gòu)

16、成否定句和疑問句。(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法, 一定要熟記1)begin to do sth2)start to do sth3)decide to do sth4)want to do sth5)(would) like to do sth6)forget to do sth7)remember to do sth8)love to do sth9)learn to do sth10)need to do sth11)try to do sth12)try not to do sth13)stop to do sth14)ask sb.to do sth15)ask sb.not to do

17、 sth16)like sb.to do sth17)teach sb.to do sth18)tell sb.to do sth19)tell sb.to do sth20)want sb.to do sth21)help sb.(to) do sth22)let sb.do sth23)have sb.do sth24)make sb.do sth25)had better do sth26)had better not do sth27)feel / hear sb.do sth28)watch / see sb.do sth 29)why not do sth30)be busy do

18、ing sth31)see / watch sb doing sth32)feel / hear sb doing sth33)enjoy doing sth34)finish doing sth35)keep (sb) doing sth36)go on doing sth37)stop doing sth38)like doing sth39)begin doing sth40)start doing sth41)prevent sb from doing42)stop sb / sth from doing sth43)spend時(shí)間 / 金錢(in) doing sth44)It ta

19、kes sb. some time to do sth.45)It is good (wrong, easy, difficult, important) to do sth46)It is time (for sb.) to do sth47)be used for doing sth48)will / would you please do sth49)what about (doing) sth(4)能夠區(qū)別使用下列動(dòng)詞1)tell, say, speak, talk2)bring, take, carry3)lend, borrow, keep4)listen, listen to,

20、hear, hear from, hear of5)look, look at, see, watch, notice6)reach, arrive(in / at), get to7)look for, look after, look at, look up8)put on, put up, put down, put away, put into9)look for, find, find out, found10)take off, take away, take down11)try on , put on, wear, dress, get dressed12)ask for, send for13)ge