總結(jié)歸納：Oracle_常用函數(shù)的總結(jié)

1、 SQL中的單記錄函數(shù)1. ASCII返回與指定的字符對應(yīng)的十進制數(shù);SQL select ascii(A) A,ascii(a) a,ascii(0) zero,ascii( ) space from dual;A A ZERO SPACE- - - -65 97 48 322. CHR給出整數(shù),返回對應(yīng)的字符;SQL select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;ZH C- -趙 A3. CONCAT連接兩個字符串;SQL select concat(010-,88888888)|轉(zhuǎn)23 高乾競電話 from dual;高乾競電話-010-8

2、8888888轉(zhuǎn)234. INITCAP返回字符串并將字符串的第一個字母變?yōu)榇髮?SQL select initcap(smith) upp from dual;UPP-Smith5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)在一個字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回發(fā)現(xiàn)指定的字符的位置;C1 被搜索的字符串C2 希望搜索的字符串I 搜索的開始位置,默認為1J 出現(xiàn)的位置,默認為1SQL select instr(oracle traning,ra,1,2) instring from dual;INSTRING-96.LENGTH返回字符串的長度;SQL select name,length(name),ad

3、dr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal) from gao.nchar_tst;NAME LENGTH(NAME) ADDR LENGTH(ADDR) SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL)- - - - - -高乾競 3 北京市海錠區(qū) 6 9999.99 77.LOWER返回字符串,并將所有的字符小寫SQL select lower(AaBbCcDd)AaBbCcDd from dual;AABBCCDD-aabbccdd8.UPPER返回字符串,并將所有的字符大寫SQL select upper(AaBbCcDd) upper from dua

4、l;UPPER-AABBCCDD9.RPAD和LPAD(粘貼字符)RPAD 在列的右邊粘貼字符LPAD 在列的左邊粘貼字符SQL select lpad(rpad(gao,10,*),17,*)from dual;LPAD(RPAD(GAO,1-*gao*不夠字符則用*來填滿10.LTRIM和RTRIMLTRIM 刪除左邊出現(xiàn)的字符串RTRIM 刪除右邊出現(xiàn)的字符串SQL select ltrim(rtrim( gao qian jing , ), ) from dual;LTRIM(RTRIM(-gao qian jing11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)取子字符串,

5、從start開始,取count個SQL select substr3,8) from dual;SUBSTR(-0888888812.REPLACE(string,s1,s2)string 希望被替換的字符或變量 s1 被替換的字符串s2 要替換的字符串SQL select replace(he love you,he,i) from dual;REPLACE(H-i love you13.SOUNDEX返回一個與給定的字符串讀音相同的字符串SQL create table table1(xm varchar(8);SQL insert into table1 val

6、ues(weather);SQL insert into table1 values(wether);SQL insert into table1 values(gao);SQL select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex(weather);XM-weatherwether 14.TRIM(s from string)LEADING 剪掉前面的字符TRAILING 剪掉后面的字符如果不指定,默認為空格符 15.ABS返回指定值的絕對值SQL select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;ABS(100) ABS(-1

7、00)- -100 10016.ACOS給出反余弦的值SQL select acos(-1) from dual;ACOS(-1)-3.141592717.ASIN給出反正弦的值SQL select asin(0.5) from dual;ASIN(0.5)-.5235987818.ATAN返回一個數(shù)字的反正切值SQL select atan(1) from dual;ATAN(1)-.7853981619.CEIL返回大于或等于給出數(shù)字的最小整數(shù)SQL select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;CEIL(3.1415927)-420.COS返回一個給定數(shù)字的余弦SQL

8、 select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;COS(-3.1415927)-121.COSH返回一個數(shù)字反余弦值SQL select cosh(20) from dual;COSH(20)-24258259822.EXP返回一個數(shù)字e的n次方根SQL select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;EXP(2) EXP(1)- -7.3890561 2.718281823.FLOOR對給定的數(shù)字取整數(shù)SQL select floor(2345.67) from dual;FLOOR(2345.67)-234524.LN返回一個數(shù)字的對數(shù)值SQL selec

9、t ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;LN(1) LN(2) LN(2.7182818)- - -0 .69314718 .9999999925.LOG(n1,n2)返回一個以n1為底n2的對數(shù) SQL select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4)- -0 226.MOD(n1,n2)返回一個n1除以n2的余數(shù)SQL select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3)- - -1 0 227.POWER返

10、回n1的n2次方根SQL select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)- -1024 2728.ROUND和TRUNC按照指定的精度進行舍入SQL select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)- - - -56 -55 55 -5529.SIGN取數(shù)字n的符號,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0SQL select sig

11、n(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;SIGN(123) SIGN(-100) SIGN(0)- - -1 -1 030.SIN返回一個數(shù)字的正弦值SQL select sin(1.57079) from dual;SIN(1.57079)-1 31.SIGH返回雙曲正弦的值SQL select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;SIN(20) SINH(20)- -.91294525 24258259832.SQRT返回數(shù)字n的根SQL select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;SQRT(64) SQRT(10

12、)- -8 3.162277733.TAN返回數(shù)字的正切值SQL select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;TAN(20) TAN(10)- -2.2371609 .6483608334.TANH返回數(shù)字n的雙曲正切值SQL select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;TANH(20) TAN(20)- -1 2.237160935.TRUNC按照指定的精度截取一個數(shù)SQL select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)

13、- -100 124.1636.ADD_MONTHS增加或減去月份SQL select to_char(add_months(to_date(199912,yyyymm),2),yyyymm) from dual;TO_CHA-200002SQL select to_char(add_months(to_date(199912,yyyymm),-2),yyyymm) from dual;TO_CHA-19991037.LAST_DAY返回日期的最后一天SQL select to_char(sysdate,yyyy.mm.dd),to_char(sysdate)+1,yyyy.mm.dd) fr

14、om dual;TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR(S- -2004.05.09 2004.05.10SQL select last_day(sysdate) from dual;LAST_DAY(S-31-5月 -0438.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)給出date2-date1的月份SQL select months_between(19-12月-1999,19-3月-1999) mon_between from dual;MON_BETWEEN-9SQLselectmonths_between(to_date(2000.05.20,yyyy.mm.dd),to_

15、date(2005.05.20,yyyy.mm.dd) mon_betw from dual;MON_BETW-6039.NEW_TIME(date,this,that)給出在this時區(qū)=other時區(qū)的日期和時間SQL select to_char(sysdate,yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss) bj_time,to_char(new_time2 (sysdate,PDT,GMT),yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss) los_angles from dual;BJ_TIME LOS_ANGLES- -2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18

16、:05:3240.NEXT_DAY(date,day)給出日期date和星期x之后計算下一個星期的日期SQL select next_day(18-5月-2001,星期五) next_day from dual;NEXT_DAY-25-5月 -0141.SYSDATE用來得到系統(tǒng)的當前日期SQL select to_char(sysdate,dd-mm-yyyy day) from dual;TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,-09-05-2004 星期日trunc(date,fmt)按照給出的要求將日期截斷,如果fmt=mi表示保留分,截斷秒SQL select to_char(trunc(s

17、ysdate,hh),yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss) hh,2 to_char(trunc(sysdate,mi),yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss) hhmm from dual;HH HHMM- -2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:0042.CHARTOROWID將字符數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換為ROWID類型SQL select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;ROWID ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME- - -AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfK

18、AACAAAAEqAAA SMITHAAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLENAAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARDAAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)將源字符串 sset從一個語言字符集轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個目的dset字符集SQL select convert(strutz,we8hp,f7dec) conversion from dual;conver-strutz44.HEXTORAW將一個十六進制構(gòu)成的字符串轉(zhuǎn)

19、換為二進制45.RAWTOHEXT將一個二進制構(gòu)成的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為十六進制46.ROWIDTOCHAR將ROWID數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換為字符類型47.TO_CHAR(date,format)SQL select to_char(sysdate,yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss) from dual;TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,YY-2004/05/09 21:14:41 48.TO_DATE(string,format)將字符串轉(zhuǎn)化為ORACLE中的一個日期49.TO_MULTI_BYTE將字符串中的單字節(jié)字符轉(zhuǎn)化為多字節(jié)字符SQL select to_multi_byte(高) from

20、 dual;TO-高50.TO_NUMBER將給出的字符轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字SQL select to_number(1999) year from dual;YEAR-199951.BFILENAME(dir,file)指定一個外部二進制文件SQLinsert into file_tb1 values(bfilename(lob_dir1,image1.gif);52.CONVERT(x,desc,source)將x字段或變量的源source轉(zhuǎn)換為descSQL select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,2 0,none,3 2,insert,4 3,5 s

21、elect,6 6,update,7 7,delete,8 8,drop,9 other) cmd from v$session where type!=background;SID SERIAL# USERNAME CMD- - - -1 1 none2 1 none3 1 none4 1 none5 1 none6 1 none7 1275 none8 1275 none9 20 GAO select10 40 GAO none53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)DUMP函數(shù)以fmt指定的內(nèi)部數(shù)字格式返回一個VARCHAR2類型的值SQL col global_name

22、for a30SQL col dump_string for a50SQL set lin 200SQL select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;GLOBAL_NAME DUMP_STRING- -ORACLE.WORLD Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()這兩個函數(shù)都是用來對大數(shù)據(jù)類型字段進行初始化操作的函數(shù)55.GREATEST返回一組表達式中的最大值,即比較字符的編碼大

23、小.SQL select greatest(AA,AB,AC) from dual;GR-ACSQL select greatest(啊,安,天) from dual;GR-天56.LEAST返回一組表達式中的最小值 SQL select least(啊,安,天) from dual;LE-啊57.UID返回標識當前用戶的唯一整數(shù)SQL show userUSER 為GAOSQL select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;USERNAME USER_ID- -GAO 2558.USER返回當前用戶的名字SQL select

24、 user from dual;USER-GAO59.USEREVN返回當前用戶環(huán)境的信息,opt可以是:ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZEISDBA 查看當前用戶是否是DBA如果是則返回trueSQL select userenv(isdba) from dual;USEREN-FALSESQL select userenv(isdba) from dual;USEREN-TRUESESSION返回會話標志SQL select userenv(sessionid) from dual;U

25、SERENV(SESSIONID)-152ENTRYID返回會話人口標志SQL select userenv(entryid) from dual;USERENV(ENTRYID)-0INSTANCE返回當前INSTANCE的標志SQL select userenv(instance) from dual;USERENV(INSTANCE)-1LANGUAGE返回當前環(huán)境變量SQL select userenv(language) from dual;USERENV(LANGUAGE)-SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBKLANG返回當前環(huán)境的語言的縮寫SQL s

26、elect userenv(lang) from dual;USERENV(LANG)-ZHSTERMINAL返回用戶的終端或機器的標志SQL select userenv(terminal) from dual;USERENV(TERMINA-GAOVSIZE(X)返回X的大小(字節(jié))數(shù)SQL select vsize(user),user from dual;VSIZE(USER) USER- -6 SYSTEM 60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL)all表示對所有的值求平均值,distinct只對不同的值求平均值SQLWKS create table table3(xm varcha

27、r(8),sal number(7,2);語句已處理。SQLWKS insert into table3 values(gao,1111.11);SQLWKS insert into table3 values(gao,1111.11);SQLWKS insert into table3 values(zhu,5555.55);SQLWKS commit;SQL select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;AVG(DISTINCTSAL)-3333.33SQL select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;AVG(ALLSAL)-

28、2592.5961.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL)求最大值,ALL表示對所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示對不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次SQL select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;MAX(DISTINCTSAL)-500062.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL)求最小值,ALL表示對所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示對不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次SQL select min(all sal) from gao.table3;MIN(ALLSAL)-1111.1163.STDDEV(distinct|all)求標準差,ALL表示對所

29、有的值求標準差,DISTINCT表示只對不同的值求標準差SQL select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;STDDEV(SAL)-1182.5032SQL select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)-1229.95164.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL)求協(xié)方差 SQL select variance(sal) from scott.emp;VARIANCE(SAL)-1398313.965.GROUP BY主要用來對一組數(shù)進行統(tǒng)計SQL select deptno,coun

30、t(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)- - -10 3 875020 5 1087530 6 940066.HAVING對分組統(tǒng)計再加限制條件SQL select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)=5;DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)- - -20 5 1087530 6 9400SQL select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scot

31、t.emp having count(*)=5 group by deptno ;DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)- - -20 5 1087530 6 940067.ORDER BY用于對查詢到的結(jié)果進行排序輸出SQL select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;DEPTNO ENAME SAL- - -10 KING 500010 CLARK 245010 MILLER 130020 SCOTT 300020 FORD 300020 JONES 297520 ADAMS 110020 SMI

32、TH 80030 BLAKE 285030 ALLEN 160030 TURNER 150030 WARD 125030 MARTIN 125030 JAMES 950 68. pl/sql中的case語句select (case when DUMMY=X then 0 else 1 end) as flag from dual; case的第1種用法：case col when a then 1when b then 2else 0 end這種用法跟decode一樣沒什么區(qū)別case的第2種用法：case when score =60 and score =70 and score expr

33、1為NULL，返回expr2；不為NULL，返回expr1。注意兩者的類型要一致 NVL2 (expr1, expr2, expr3) -expr1不為NULL，返回expr2；為NULL，返回expr3。expr2和expr3類型不同的話，expr3會轉(zhuǎn)換為expr2的類型 NULLIF (expr1, expr2) -相等返回NULL，不等返回expr1 Oracle分析函數(shù)參考手冊 =作者: xsb(url)/url發(fā)表于:2006.03.01 12:22分類: DW&BI 出處：- Oracle從8.1.6開始提供分析函數(shù)，分析函數(shù)用于計算基于組的某種聚合值，它和聚合函數(shù)的不同之處是對

34、于每個組返回多行，而聚合函數(shù)對于每個組只返回一行。常用的分析函數(shù)如下所列:row_number() over(partition by . order by .)rank() over(partition by . order by .)dense_rank() over(partition by . order by .)count() over(partition by . order by .)max() over(partition by . order by .)min() over(partition by . order by .)sum() over(partition by

35、. order by .)avg() over(partition by . order by .)first_value() over(partition by . order by .)last_value() over(partition by . order by .)lag() over(partition by . order by .)lead() over(partition by . order by .) 下面例子中使用的表來自O(shè)racle自帶的HR用戶下的表，如果沒有安裝該用戶，可以在SYS用戶下運行$ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/human_resou

36、rces/hr_main.sql來創(chuàng)建。除本文內(nèi)容外，你還可參考：ROLLUP與CUBE url分析函數(shù)使用例子介紹：url本文如果未指明，缺省是在HR用戶下運行例子。開窗函數(shù)的的理解：開窗函數(shù)指定了分析函數(shù)工作的數(shù)據(jù)窗口大小，這個數(shù)據(jù)窗口大小可能會隨著行的變化而變化，舉例如下：over（order by salary） 按照salary排序進行累計，order by是個默認的開窗函數(shù)over（partition by deptno）按照部門分區(qū)over（order by salary range between 50 preceding and 150 following）每行對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)窗口

37、是之前行幅度值不超過50，之后行幅度值不超過150over（order by salary rows between 50 preceding and 150 following）每行對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)窗口是之前50行，之后150行over（order by salary rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following）每行對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)窗口是從第一行到最后一行，等效：over（order by salary range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following）主要參考資料：e

38、xpert one-on-one Tom Kyte Oracle9i SQL Reference第6章 ohwww 2007-3-12 09:19 續(xù)70。AVG 功能描述：用于計算一個組和數(shù)據(jù)窗口內(nèi)表達式的平均值。SAMPLE：下面的例子中列c_mavg計算員工表中每個員工的平均薪水報告，該平均值由當前員工和與之具有相同經(jīng)理的前一個和后一個三者的平均數(shù)得來；SELECT manager_id, last_name, hire_date, salary,AVG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY manager_id ORDER BY hire_date ROWS BETWE

39、EN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS c_mavgFROM employees;MANAGER_ID LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE SALARY C_MAVG- - - - -100 Kochhar 21-SEP-89 17000 17000100 De Haan 13-JAN-93 17000 15000100 Raphaely 07-DEC-94 11000 11966.6667100 Kaufling 01-MAY-95 7900 10633.3333100 Hartstein 17-FEB-96 13000 9633.33333100 Weis

40、s 18-JUL-96 8000 11666.6667100 Russell 01-OCT-96 14000 11833.333371。CORR 功能描述：返回一對表達式的相關(guān)系數(shù)，它是如下的縮寫：COVAR_POP(expr1,expr2)/STDDEV_POP(expr1)*STDDEV_POP(expr2)從統(tǒng)計上講，相關(guān)性是變量之間關(guān)聯(lián)的強度，變量之間的關(guān)聯(lián)意味著在某種程度上一個變量的值可由其它的值進行預(yù)測。通過返回一個-11之間的一個數(shù), 相關(guān)系數(shù)給出了關(guān)聯(lián)的強度，0表示不相關(guān)。SAMPLE：下例返回1998年月銷售收入和月單位銷售的關(guān)系的累積系數(shù)（本例在SH用戶下運行）SELECT

41、 t.calendar_month_number,CORR (SUM(s.amount_sold), SUM(s.quantity_sold)OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_number) as CUM_CORRFROM sales s, times tWHERE s.time_id = t.time_id AND calendar_year = 1998GROUP BY t.calendar_month_numberORDER BY t.calendar_month_number;CALENDAR_MONTH_NUMBER CUM_CORR- -12 13 .

42、9943093824 .8520408755 .8466522046 .8712506287 .9100298038 .9175563999 .92015435610 .8672025111 .84486476512 .90354266272。COVAR_POP 功能描述：返回一對表達式的總體協(xié)方差。SAMPLE：下例CUM_COVP返回定價和最小產(chǎn)品價格的累積總體協(xié)方差SELECT product_id, supplier_id,COVAR_POP(list_price, min_price) OVER (ORDER BY product_id, supplier_id) AS CUM_CO

43、VP,COVAR_SAMP(list_price, min_price)OVER (ORDER BY product_id, supplier_id) AS CUM_COVS FROM product_information pWHERE category_id = 29ORDER BY product_id, supplier_id;PRODUCT_ID SUPPLIER_ID CUM_COVP CUM_COVS- - - -1774 103088 01775 103087 1473.25 2946.51794 103096 1702.77778 2554.166671825 103093

44、1926.25 2568.333332004 103086 1591.4 1989.252005 103086 1512.5 18152416 103088 1475.97959 1721.97619.73。COVAR_SAMP 功能描述：返回一對表達式的樣本協(xié)方差SAMPLE：下例CUM_COVS返回定價和最小產(chǎn)品價格的累積樣本協(xié)方差SELECT product_id, supplier_id,COVAR_POP(list_price, min_price) OVER (ORDER BY product_id, supplier_id) AS CUM_COVP,COVAR_SAMP(list

45、_price, min_price)OVER (ORDER BY product_id, supplier_id) AS CUM_COVS FROM product_information pWHERE category_id = 29ORDER BY product_id, supplier_id;PRODUCT_ID SUPPLIER_ID CUM_COVP CUM_COVS- - - -1774 103088 01775 103087 1473.25 2946.51794 103096 1702.77778 2554.166671825 103093 1926.25 2568.33333

46、2004 103086 1591.4 1989.252005 103086 1512.5 18152416 103088 1475.97959 1721.97619 74。COUNT 功能描述：對一組內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情進行累積計數(shù)，如果指定*或一些非空常數(shù)，count將對所有行計數(shù)，如果指定一個表達式，count返回表達式非空賦值的計數(shù)，當有相同值出現(xiàn)時，這些相等的值都會被納入被計算的值；可以使用DISTINCT來記錄去掉一組中完全相同的數(shù)據(jù)后出現(xiàn)的行數(shù)。SAMPLE：下面例子中計算每個員工在按薪水排序中當前行附近薪水在n-50,n+150之間的行數(shù)，n表示當前行的薪水例如，Philtanker的薪

47、水2200，排在他之前的行中薪水大于等于2200-50的有1行，排在他之后的行中薪水小于等于2200150的行沒有，所以count計數(shù)值cnt3為2（包括自己當前行）；cnt2值相當于小于等于當前行的SALARY值的所有行數(shù)SELECT last_name, salary, COUNT(*) OVER () AS cnt1,COUNT(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary) AS cnt2,COUNT(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary RANGE BETWEEN 50 PRECEDINGAND 150 FOLLOWING) AS cnt3 FROM employee

48、s;LAST_NAME SALARY CNT1 CNT2 CNT3- - - - -Olson 2100 107 1 3Markle 2200 107 3 2Philtanker 2200 107 3 2Landry 2400 107 5 8Gee 2400 107 5 8Colmenares 2500 107 11 10Patel 2500 107 11 10.75。CUME_DIST 功能描述：計算一行在組中的相對位置，CUME_DIST總是返回大于0、小于或等于1的數(shù)，該數(shù)表示該行在N行中的位置。例如，在一個3行的組中，返回的累計分布值為1/3、2/3、3/3SAMPLE：下例中計算每個工種的員工按薪水排序依次累積出現(xiàn)的分布