《老人與?！分杏矟h形象分析(英文)

1、青島理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文用紙青 島 理 工 大 學(xué)畢 業(yè) 論 文題目An Analysis of “Code Hero” inThe Old Man and the Sea學(xué)生姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師： 外語(yǔ)系 英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè) 042班 2013年 5月 31日第7頁(yè)學(xué)生開(kāi)題報(bào)告表課題名稱(chēng)An Analysis of “Code Hero” in The Old Man and the Sea老人與海的“硬漢”形象分析課題來(lái)源D課題類(lèi)型F導(dǎo) 師學(xué)生姓名學(xué) 號(hào)專(zhuān) 業(yè)英語(yǔ)1. 調(diào)研資料的準(zhǔn)備,設(shè)計(jì)目的、要求、思路及預(yù)期成果：l 準(zhǔn)備：確定了論文題目以后，開(kāi)始著手準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)的材料，再次認(rèn)真的閱讀了英文原版小說(shuō)老人與海，

2、深刻的理解了作者的寫(xiě)作目的和觀點(diǎn)，在老師和同學(xué)的幫助下，并且借助學(xué)校圖書(shū)館和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，查閱了大量的相關(guān)書(shū)籍和報(bào)刊，參考了許多著名評(píng)論家對(duì)該小說(shuō)的觀點(diǎn)。l 設(shè)計(jì)目的：這篇論文試從分析小說(shuō)老人與海中主人公的形象出發(fā)，揭示“硬漢”的特征，倡導(dǎo)一種堅(jiān)忍不拔，永不言敗的精神。l 認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備資料，積極主動(dòng)和指導(dǎo)老師交流，和同學(xué)們共同探討，在大四下學(xué)期認(rèn)真做好畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，論文字?jǐn)?shù)要要求為50008000字。l 思路: 論文正文分三個(gè)部分：第一部分對(duì)作者和作品作一簡(jiǎn)介，了解作者對(duì)小說(shuō)及小說(shuō)主人公的看法。在第二部分，我們將從四個(gè)方面分析小說(shuō)中老人的“硬漢”形象。文章的最后一部分為總結(jié)。2. 任務(wù)完成的階段內(nèi)容及時(shí)間安

3、排：l 3月31日，下發(fā)畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書(shū)。l 4月05日，交開(kāi)題報(bào)告和論文提綱。l 4月28日，上交論文初稿，與指導(dǎo)老師及時(shí)溝通，對(duì)論文反復(fù)進(jìn)行修改、潤(rùn)色。l 5月31日，上交論文終稿，做好論文答辯的準(zhǔn)備。3. 完成設(shè)計(jì)所具備的條件因素：l 在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，積極和指導(dǎo)老師溝通，認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)導(dǎo)師的教誨和閱讀導(dǎo)師建議的相關(guān)書(shū)籍文獻(xiàn)。l 平常多與同學(xué)們探討，學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)有用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)l 就自身而言，要抱著嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)作風(fēng)，勤奮刻苦的精神認(rèn)真對(duì)待畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，以確保任務(wù)的順利完成。 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 日期：摘 要 海明威是美國(guó)著名的小說(shuō)家之一，小說(shuō)老人與海使其獲得了1954年的諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。在此小說(shuō)中，作者創(chuàng)造了一

4、個(gè)完美的硬漢形象桑地亞哥。老人與海是一件影響廣泛， 寓意深刻的世界文學(xué)瑰寶，它廣泛地為大眾所閱讀，以至有人這樣認(rèn)為“只要是個(gè)文化人，你就會(huì)知道海明威其人。知道海明威，你就不可能不知道小說(shuō)老人與海?！睘槭裁催@部小說(shuō)如此被廣泛的閱讀？當(dāng)然，諸多方面造就了小說(shuō)的成功，但是有一點(diǎn)，毋庸置疑，那就是作者對(duì)小說(shuō)主人公桑地亞哥這一永恒的藝術(shù)形象的成功塑造給人深刻印象，讓人難以忘記這個(gè)硬漢形象的代表。本文是從分析作品中老人這一形象出發(fā)，揭示“硬漢”的特征，倡導(dǎo)一種堅(jiān)忍不拔，永不言敗的精神。在論文引言中，我們將對(duì)小說(shuō)的主要內(nèi)容作一簡(jiǎn)單的敘述，揭示小說(shuō)的中心思想，并提出本次設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容分析小說(shuō)主人公桑地亞哥這一硬漢

5、形象特征。后簡(jiǎn)單介紹此次論文的寫(xiě)作思路及框架。論文正文的一部分為背景信息，我們通過(guò)介紹小說(shuō)作者海明威的傳奇一生，指出作者與小說(shuō)主人公的諸多相同之處，其中最相似之處便是都具有“硬漢”精神。在正文的第二部分，我們將結(jié)合老人捕魚(yú)前后及在大海中航行的遭遇，具體分析小說(shuō)主人公的“硬漢”形象特征。這種特征主要表現(xiàn)在四個(gè)方面：首先，在任何困難情況下都不放棄希望；其次，在斗爭(zhēng)過(guò)程中始終保持高昂的斗志，永不服輸；再次，在行動(dòng)上勇往直前，打不到，擊不跨；最后，在漫長(zhǎng)的斗爭(zhēng)過(guò)程中學(xué)會(huì)忍受孤獨(dú)。本文的最后一部分為總結(jié)。通過(guò)對(duì)小說(shuō)中“硬漢”形象的分析，深刻體會(huì)“硬漢”精神對(duì)當(dāng)今社會(huì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，倡導(dǎo)這種堅(jiān)忍不拔，永不言敗

6、的精神。 關(guān)鍵詞：老人與海，海明威，“硬漢”，桑地亞哥AbstractHemingway was one of the most famous novelists in America. He created a perfect image of Code Hero: Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea which won Hemingway Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the most influential and far-reaching n

7、ovels of the literary treasure of the world. Its so widely-read that people consider that “Whatever there is an intellectual, people know Hemingway and nobody knows Hemingway without knowing his works The Old Man and the Sea. Why the novel is so widely read? Why is it so influential and why is it so

8、 loved by the people of different colors and different nations? Surely many factors may contribute to the success of the novel. But the main factor, no doubt, is the touching and unforgettable portrait of the immortal artistic figure, Santiago, a representative of Code Hero. In the introduction of t

9、he essay, I will make a brief description about the contents of this novel and point out the main idea of the novel. The content of the essay is to analyze the characteristics of Code Hero. And then I will set out framework of the essay. The first part of the body is the background information. Thro

10、ugh the introduction to Hemingways legend life, we find some common points between the author and the old man, and the most familiar point is that both of them have the spirit of Code Hero. In the second part of the body, I will portray the process of his catching Marlin and fighting with the sharks

11、. Then I will analyses the spirit of Code Hero. The spirit is concentrated on four areas: First, never give up hopes in any difficult conditions; secondly, keep daring spirit and never admit defeat in the process of fighting; thirdly, behave heroically in the actual battle; and last, endure the lone

12、liness in the long process of the fighting. The last part of the essay is the conclusion. This paper will analyze the image of the old man, reveal the characteristics of Code Hero, and advocate the spirit of never giving up. KEY WORDS：The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway, Code Hero, Santiago Contents摘

13、要AbstractIntroduction1Chapter One The Background Information21.1 About the Author21.2 The Authors View on the Novel and the Old Man3Chapter Two The Four Characteristics of Code Hero52.1 Everlasting Hope for the Future52.2 Daring Spirit for Facing the Challenge72.3 Heroic Behavior in the Actual Battl

14、e92.4 Loneliness Endurance in the Long Fighting10Conclusion12Acknowledgements13Bibliography14IntroductionThe Old Man and the Sea was published in 1952 and was one of Hemingways most successful novels which won Hemingway Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. The novel writes a very simple story which c

15、hronicles the adventure of Santiago, based on a true story of a Cuba fisherman. After eighty-four days without catching a fish, Santiago, an old Cuban hooks a giant fish. For two days and two nights the old man holds on while the fish pulls him further and further. Finally he kills the fish and ties

16、 it to his skiff. Almost at once, brutal sharks begin to take his price away. He struggles against the sharks with the harpoon, the oar, the knife, the short club. The sharks eat all but the bones of the fish. Half dead with exhaustion, he brings the skeleton home and makes his way to bed and dreams

17、 of his golden time. In the novel, Hemingway creates an immortal artistic figure, Santiago, a representative of Code Hero. Santiago is a poor fisherman who lives alone and has finally lost all will to live. Every day is the same dull, monotonous routine. His wife had died; his only comfort is a boy

18、who is forbidden to fish determination in holding onto a gargantuan fish, Santiago is plunged into the adventure of his life, but will it bring meaning to his days? But it is the spirit of Code Hero to support him fighting and living. The chief point about Santiago is that he behaves perfectly and h

19、onorably, with great courage and endurance. While losing to the sharks the giant fish he has caught, he comes with the message that while man may grow old, and be wholly down on his luck, he can still dare to stick to the rules, persist when he is destroyed, and thus by the manner of his losing to w

20、in his victory. I also want to point out that the novel not only describes the fight between human and nature and fate but also indicates Hemingways Code Hero getting to its summit. Although the old man in the novel is weak and in the grim fate of pressure, he also shows the spirit of Code Hero. Thi

21、s paper will analyze the image of the old man, reveal the characteristics of Code Hero, and advocate the spirit of never giving up. Chapter One The Background Information1.1 About the Author Ernest Hemingway (1896-1961) was a novelist and short story writer who became one of the best-known American

22、authors in his century. He was famous for his experience and unique artistic style all over the world. According to The Old Man and the Sea (1952), Hemingway won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. Hemingway centers his novels on personal experience and affections. According to his works The Sun

23、 Also Rises (1926) he became the representative writer of “the Lost Generation”. He could not cope with post-war America, and therefore he introduced a new type of character in writing called the “Code Hero”. Hemingway is known to focus his novels around code heroes who struggle with the mixture of

24、their tragic faults and the surrounding environment.Moreover, Hemingways creation not only originated from life true to life but superior to life. Hemingway is a realism writer, consequently, copied something mechanically. He was also a master of turning reality into fiction, representing not only w

25、hat had actually happened but also what logically might happen. He didnt lay special emphasis by his inner beauty. So Santiago leaved an indelible impression to us. Hemingway once said that The Old Man and the Sea could be in a longer novel. In the novel, he could describe many other villagers and h

26、ow they made a lively life, how they were educated, how they bore children, and so on. But he omitted all those, only describing, the old man and the process of fishing the Marlin and fighting the sharks. Besides, Hemingway not only reflected real life but also expressed himself in his work. Or, we

27、can say, Hemingways creation is superior to life. Santiago showed the spirit “undefeated” which Hemingway has. So Hemingways life attitude has been widely recognized and imitated all over the world. Hemingway is worthy to be called the Code Hero: he was born in an intensely middle-class family, Chic

28、ago, Oak Park. His father, who was a doctor, devoted to hunting, fishing and influenced on Hemingway greatly when he was three years old, his father gave him a fishing pole for his birthday gift. When he was ten years old, he got a hunting gun. As a boy of fourteen, he was encouraged to practice box

29、ing. Hemingway fought in the two world wars: in the first war as a medical soldier, and the second as a reporter. He took part in World War I as an honorary lieutenant in the Red Cross. He went overseas as an ambulance driver. He was wounded many times and experienced at least 12 operations which to

30、ok out 227 pieces of artillery shells. Besides, he suffered a great deal from aviation accident: his eyes injured while hunting and in African jungle he was in two airplane accidents in the spaces of two days. All these didnt defeat Hemingway. He was such a man who turned down defeat. When he was ol

31、d he was poor in health. Still he indulged himself in fishing, hunting and bull-fighting from which he pursued thrilling scenes and enjoyed himself in fighting. However there is a question, “Is Hemingway timid and pessimistic, so that he is committed suicide?” The answer, of course, is “No”, Hemingw

32、ay suffered much illness and injury and he committed suicide at last. But his suicide cannot show he was timid and pessimistic. On the contrary, he set upon image of braver because he regarded his illness and injury as his “enemy” such as the sharks. He used his life as a weapon, in order to get rid

33、 of his “enemy”, he would rather choose to die. He and his “enemy” ended in common ruin. 1.2 The Authors View on the Novel and the Old Man Hemingway defined the Code Hero as “a man with lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often

34、stressful, and always painful” (The American Tradition in Literature, Page78). He showed, in his famous phrase for it, “grace under pressure”. The Code Hero measures himself by how well they handle the difficult situations that life throws at him. In the end the Code Hero will lose because we are al

35、l mortal, but the true measure is how a person faces death. The code believes in “Nada”, a Spanish word meaning nothing. Along with this, there is nothing after life. Hemingways view of human nature is that happiness is rare and is found within a man and not in his outside circumstance or surroundin

36、gs. Hemingway illustrates this in three ways. First, he portrays the human nature of Santiago, the main character, as being one of humility and compassion, full of strength and pride. He is shown not as a gleefully happy man, but one who meets life with a serene, quiet resilience. Second, Santiagos

37、fellow villagers are shown as shallow, with a narrow view of life compared to his. Their focus on appearances is in sharp contrast to Santiagos focus on intrinsic values. Third, it will be shown that his rare brand of happiness comes from within. To Hemingway, the dignity of a man should be so impor

38、tant to that man that he is willing to die for it. Most likely that is the reason Santiago went deep into that sea, following the Marlin, tearing the skin off his hands as he held on to that line. This is also why Santiago risked his life catching the Marlin. Finally, he caught the marlin, he was pr

39、oud of himself that he so extremely wanted. When the sharks attack the fish, it is as same as the sharks attacking his dignity. This is mostly why an elderly man, armed only with crude weapons would fight many sharks. As the sharks tear apart the Marlin bit by bit, it is as they are tearing apart hi

40、s dignity bit by bit. That is why Santiago found the courage to fight off sharks to protect his dignity. Hemingway shows that a man will not risk his life for his dignity, then what is in that life to live for? Even though the old man lost the battle with the sharks at the end, “his obtunding and pe

41、rsistent determination makes him as a perfect Code Hero”(The American Tradition in Literature, Page82). He had done everything a person possibly could have. Through Santiago Hemingway told us that we are wholly down on our luck and destroyed in the end. Then we should conduct ourselves just like the

42、 old fisherman, not be pessimistic and disappointed but to keep on struggling until we get what we want. That is, undefeated spirit is most important. This is also the normal principle of Hemingway. I think Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea was Hemingway himself. In The Old Man and the Sea, Heming

43、way was fond of him and sang high praise of him. He placed his personal experience on the old man and reflected some of his innate characters. Hemingway merged himself with Santiago in thoughts and feelings. The spirit of Santiago lasted and re-embodied on Hemingway. Throughout Santiago, the old man

44、 cannot accept the fact that he is getting old and that he slowly casting his strength. Hemingway in reality was having the same problems. He was getting old and things he once did, he no longer could do. Just as Hemingway could not accept that fact, neither could his character: Santiago. In fact, H

45、emingway utilized his life to show that he was an unconquerable “old lion”. Chapter Two The Four Characteristics of Code Hero2.1 Everlasting Hope for the FutureOne may lose the battle in life, but he can achieve a moral significance after his courage, bravery and ability to endure have been tested.

46、Because hope does not die, power is not off. Even if the hope is slim, we also must try our best to fight for it. The author believes that, hope makes the old man to fight with the Marlin, fight with the sharks and fight with his own will. At the beginning of the novel, the author portrays the image

47、 of the old man. “The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of the neck. The brown blotched of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his cords. But none of these scars were flesh

48、. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page1). When we read here, we maybe show our sympathy to the old man and think that he cannot do anything. Further more, Santiagos life is not in good condition. He lives in a shack in which there is only a bed, one chair

49、and a place on the dirty floor to cook with charcoal. He is so poor that had no “pot of yellow rice and fish to eat”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page2). While sailing for fishing, he has only a bottle of water with him. He leads a lonely life. His wife died leaving him no children. Except a boy he once

50、 taught to fish, he has few friends. It seems that few people care him. What is more, he is a failure in catching fish. For eighty-four days he fished in a skiff without taking a fish. Eighty-four days is a long period of time. Eighty-four days without a fish is very unfortunate for a fisherman. For

51、 a weather-beaten, poverty-stricken and lonely old man like Santiago, the misery might be beyond anyones intolerance. For a man can tolerate failure, but cant tolerate continuous failure. Too much failure will sure defeat a man even with strong will. For this reason, we may arrive at the conclusion

52、that Santiago will give up fishing. But to our surprise, the color of the character is brighter in the following, “everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page2). The eyes of the old man are not

53、stuffy and he has the eyes those “were the same color as the sea” that only the young man has, which shows the old man has a young heart as the young. “He fitted the rope lashings of the oars onto the thole pins and, leaning forward against the thrust of the blades in the water, he began to row out

54、of the harbor in the dark”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page18). The old man firmly insists that he will not always be unfortunate, and ships into the deep sea without looking back. What makes the old man make such a decision under the difficult condition? Through the man, the author points outeven thou

55、gh life is harder, even the wretched standpoint, “But who knows? Maybe today. Every day is a new day”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page22). This is the hope for the future, never giving up hope for the future. The author further strengthens the character of the old manthe Code Hero. When the sharks have

56、 eaten half of the Marlin, “it is silly not to hope, he thought. Besides I believe it is a sin. Do not think about sin, he thought”(The Old Man and the Sea, Page90). “he forked the tiller free from the rudder and beat and chopped with it, holding it down again and again” Finally, he saw one shark ca

57、me against the head of this fish, and he knew all was over. He swung the tiller across the sharks head where the jaws were caught in the heaviness of the fishs head which would not tear. He swung it once and twice and again. He heard the tiller break and he lunged at the shark with the splintered bu

58、rr. He felt it go in and knowing it was sharp he drove it in again. The shark let go and rolled away. That was the last shark of the pack that came. There was nothing more for them to eat. At last, he sailed back into harbor exhaustedly, with a skeleton of his fish and a broken skiff. “Shes good, he thought. She is sound and not harmed in any way except for the tiller. That is easily replaced” (The Old Man and the Sea, Page109). All what the old man sees are good side. He failed, however, “he is not defeated, despit