動詞被動語態(tài)(共6頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上動詞被動語態(tài)易錯清單1. 主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(1)open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等詞作不及物動詞時,它們的主語為物,可以用主動語態(tài)表被動意義。如:Mo Yan's novels sell well. 莫言的小說很好賣(銷路好)。(2)表示感覺的連系動詞如feel,look,smell,sound,taste等后跟表語時,總是用其主動結(jié)構(gòu)表達被動意義,它們不能用于被動語態(tài)。如:The table feels smooth.這張桌子摸起來很光滑。(3)在be worth doing中,doing表被動意義。

2、The book is well worth reading.這本書很值得一讀。(4)want/need/require+doing相當于want/need/ require +to be done。如:The library needs cleaning.=The library needs to be cleaned. 圖書館需要打掃了。2. 不用被動語態(tài)的情況(1)當謂語是表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動詞時,不用被動語態(tài)。這樣的及物動詞有have,become,cost,reach,sell,arrive,fit,hold,own,suit等。如:We have a good teacher.我

3、們有一位好老師。The classroom holds 80 students.這間教室容納80個學生。(2)及物動詞的賓語為反身代詞、相互代詞、非謂語動詞、同源賓語時,都沒有被動語態(tài)。如:The boy taught himself English. 這男孩自學英語。We help each other. 我們互相幫助。(3)當主動句的賓語是不定式時,很少用于被動語態(tài)。如:She likes to swim. 她喜歡游泳。3. 被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別動詞“be+過去分詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)既可以是被動語態(tài),也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)主要的區(qū)別是:被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作,系表結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)狀態(tài)。我們還可以通過以

4、下方法來判斷:(1)從形式上來看,被動語態(tài)往往接by施動者,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)往往有固定的搭配,如be separated from,be covered with,be interested in,be surprised at,be satisfied with等。如:We were surprised at the unexpected news.聽到這個意外消息,我們感到驚訝。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))注意:句中有“by+人”時,多用被動語態(tài);而“by+物”時,多屬系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如:The house was surrounded by the police.這房子被警察包圍了。(被動語態(tài))The house

5、was surrounded by trees.這房子四周都是樹。(系表結(jié)構(gòu),表示靜止的狀態(tài))(2)從時態(tài)上來看,被動語態(tài)的be時態(tài)要與動作發(fā)生的時間一致;而系表結(jié)構(gòu)的be只有一般時或完成時,表示目前或過去的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如:This window was broken by Kate yesterday.這窗戶是凱特昨天打破的。(被動語態(tài))This glass is broken. 這塊玻璃是破的。(系表結(jié)構(gòu),指目前的狀態(tài))(3)從句中的狀語來看,過去分詞前有well,very,quite等副詞修飾的是系表結(jié)構(gòu);若句中有時間、方式或目的狀語時,一般為被動語態(tài)。如:The play is wel

6、l written.這劇本寫得很好。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The play was written with great care. 這劇本是非常用心地寫出來的。(被動語態(tài),有方式狀語)(4)被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞必須是及物動詞,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可以是gone,fallen,risen等不及物動詞。如:My pen is gone. 我的鋼筆不見了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))The sun is risen. 太陽升起來了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))提分策略1. 判斷主語是動作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者在解答被動語態(tài)題時首先要判斷主語和動作的關系,如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,則該句為主動句;如果主語是動作的承受者,則該句為被動句。依據(jù)句

7、子意思做出正確選擇?！纠?】(2014·浙江寧波·30) I heard that Line 1 of Ningbo Subwaylast month.  A. was testedB. is testedC. testsD. tested【解析】考查被動語態(tài)的用法。由句意“我聽說上個月寧波一號鐵路線被檢測了”判斷,句子的主語是動作的承受著,應用被動語態(tài),last month是一般過去的時間狀語,因此謂語動詞應用一般過去時。故選A。【答案】A【例2】(2013·湖北孝感·38)Many treeson the streets every yea

8、r. So the air is very fresh now. A. plantB. are plantedC. plantedD. were planted【解析】考查被動語態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)“every year”得知用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。主語是many trees,故用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),因此選B。【答案】B 【例3】(2013·湖南益陽·30)The sports meeting next month. A. will holdB. is going to holdC. will be held【解析】考查被動語態(tài)的用法。主語the sports m

9、eeting不能執(zhí)行謂語動詞hold,是hold的承受者,需用被動語態(tài)。next month說明句子用一般將來時態(tài),其被動結(jié)構(gòu)為:will be held。故選C。【答案】C2. 正確判斷時態(tài)被動語態(tài)離不開時態(tài)?？忌斡浉鞣N時態(tài),掌握被動句的構(gòu)成,不能混淆。依據(jù)句子中的時間狀語或上下文暗示,分析判斷句子時態(tài)。【例1】(2014·江蘇南京·13)We're sure that the environment in our city greatly through our work in the near future. A. improvedB. was

10、improved C. has improvedD. will be improved【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。句意:我們相信我們城市的環(huán)境在不久的將來通過我們的工作將被大大改善。”由句中的in the near future判斷,該句要用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)形式,所以選D?！敬鸢浮緿【例2】(2013·江西·35)The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France. His new book into French as soon as it came out. A. was translatedB. tr

11、anslatedC. is translatedD. translates【解析】考查被動語態(tài) 根據(jù)題干his new book 和 translate 的關系,應該選擇被動語態(tài),又根據(jù)時間狀語從句as soon as it came out 是一般過去時態(tài),可知“被翻譯”也是一般過去時態(tài)。故選A?！敬鸢浮緼 【例3】(2013·浙江寧波·35)Have you finished your project?Not yet. I'll finish it if Iten more minutes. A. giveB. am givenC. will give

12、D. will be given【解析】考查動詞的被動語態(tài)。句意:如果再給我十分鐘我會完成它。主語與動詞give之間是被動關系,在條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。故選B?！敬鸢浮緽.專項訓練1. ( 2014·深圳·18) It's reported that some capsules(膠囊)are really bad our health. Sounds terrible. Hopefully the problem as soon as possible A. to;is solvedB. for;has solved C. to;wa

13、s solvedD. for;will be solved2. ( 2014·廣東模擬·43)Lots of trees and flowers on both sides of the road last year. Oh, beautiful they are! A. have been planted;whatB. were planted;whatC. were planted;how D. have been planted;what3. ( 2014·浙江模擬二·21) Can you play the piece of music

14、 for us,Cathy?Of course. It many times. A. teachesB. is taughtC. has been taughtD. taught4. (2013·陜西)The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday. A. is takenB. was takenC. takesD. took5. (2013·河北)Driving after drinking wine in China. A. allowsB. doesn't allowC. is a

15、llowedD. isn't allowed6. (2013·重慶)Ito take part in the English speech contest last week. A. askB. askedC. am askedD. was asked7. (2013·湖南岳陽)May I use your cup,Tom?Sorry,itby my sister just now. A. was brokenB. is brokenC. broke8. (2013·江蘇南京)I'm glad to find that many

16、 trees in our city last year. A. plantB. plantedC. were plantedD. are planted9. (2013·安徽)Do you have any problems if you this job? Well,I'm thinking about the working day.A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offered參考答案與解析1. D解析:考查一般將來時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的用法。故選D?！癰e bad for. (對有害)”是固定搭

17、配,所以排除A、C兩項。因為應答句后面一句的主語是動作的承受者,謂語動詞要用被動語態(tài)。由“as soon as possible(盡快)”判斷,應該用一般將來時態(tài)。故選D。2. C解析:考查一般過去時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的用法。句的主語是動作的承受者,謂語動詞要用被動語態(tài)。由“l(fā)ast year(去年)”判斷,要用一般過去時態(tài);又因為后面一句是感嘆句,形容詞“beautiful”之前應該用how來引導。故選C。3. C解析:考查現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的用法。應答句的主語是動作的承受者,謂語動詞應該用被動語態(tài),所以排除A、D兩項。由“many times”判斷,動作已經(jīng)完成。故選C。4. B解析:考查被動語態(tài)。主語為the sick boy,和動詞take之間為動賓關系,故要用被動語態(tài)。再由yesterday可知要用一般去過時的被動語態(tài),故選B。5. D解析:考查被動語態(tài)。 句意為“酒后駕車在中國是不被允許的?！笨芍獮榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài),故選D。6. D解析:考查被動語態(tài)。句意:上周,我被邀