情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ), 后面只能接動(dòng)詞后面只能接動(dòng)詞原形，原形，ought to和和have to除外，除外，。 3) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱, 數(shù)的變化數(shù)的變化, 但有些情態(tài)但有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞, 如如can、will、shall、have to、may等有等有過去式。過去式。1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表說話人的某種感情或語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表說話人的某種感情或語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度。某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度。1) Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt las

2、t year.2) Can she be in the computer center?3) I though what he said could not be true.4) Can/Could I use your dictionary?5) Could you lend me a hand?1. 1.表能力表能力, ,意為意為“能，能夠能，能夠”，cancan指現(xiàn)在，指現(xiàn)在，couldcould指過去。指過去。3. 表示表示“請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求” “允許允許”(表請(qǐng)求時(shí)，口語(yǔ)中常用表請(qǐng)求時(shí)，口語(yǔ)中常用 could 代替代替 can 使語(yǔ)氣更委婉，回答時(shí)用使語(yǔ)氣更委婉，回答時(shí)用can)2. 表示推

3、測(cè)，意為表示推測(cè)，意為“可能可能”“”“或許或許”，用于疑問句或，用于疑問句或否定句，否定句，cant和和couldnt意為意為“不可能不可能”。1. can 與與could4. can 用于疑問句或否定句中時(shí)，表驚異、用于疑問句或否定句中時(shí)，表驚異、不相信等，意思是不相信等，意思是“可能、能夠可能、能夠”。6) How can you believe such a liar like him?5. cant/ couldnt have done 表示對(duì)過去情況的否定推表示對(duì)過去情況的否定推測(cè)測(cè),意為意為“過去不可能做過某事過去不可能做過某事”7) Susan cant have writte

4、n a report like this.8) She cant have gone to school, it is Sunday .6. can/could have done表對(duì)過去的推測(cè)，意為表對(duì)過去的推測(cè)，意為“過去可過去可能做了某事能做了某事”。 could have done還可以表示還可以表示對(duì)過去能做對(duì)過去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，意為而未做的事情感到惋惜，意為“本能夠做某事可事實(shí)上本能夠做某事可事實(shí)上未做未做”9）Its a pity. Your class could have got the first prize.10）Where can Mary have gone

5、?can表示表示“能夠能夠”時(shí)與短語(yǔ)時(shí)與短語(yǔ)be able to同義，同義，但但can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)，而后只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)，而后者可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。另外，者可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。另外，can表示個(gè)人表示個(gè)人有某種能力，而有某種能力，而be able to表示某人通過努表示某人通過努力、克服困難做成某事，相當(dāng)于力、克服困難做成某事，相當(dāng)于succeed in doing sth.；can/be able to 1. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may2.

6、 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must3. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed4. My sister met him at the Gr

7、and Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attendedBAAA5. Theres someone outside. Who _it be? A. can B. need C. may D. must6. -Is Jack on duty today? -It _ be him. Its his turn tomorrow. A. mustnt B

8、. wont C. cant D. neednt*7. It is usually warm in my hometown, but it _be rather cold sometimes. A. can B. need C. dare D. must8. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone _ get away. A. were able to B. would C. was able to D. couldACAC2. may 與與might1. 表示表示“許可許可”或或“請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求”，有，有“可以可以”

9、的意思，口語(yǔ)中的意思，口語(yǔ)中 常用常用 might 代代 may ,表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。 否定回答時(shí)用否定回答時(shí)用“must not”表表“禁止，阻止禁止，阻止”， 不用不用 “may not”. “may not” 表示表示“可能不可能不” 。Eg: 1)- May I watch TV after supper? - Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. 2) Today is Sunday. She may not in her office now.2. 表示可能性。表示可能性。 意為意為“或許，可能或許，可能” might 比比 may 可能性小?？?/p>

10、能性小。Eg: 1) The girl might be sleeping this time of day. 2) They may be in the library now.4. may/ might as well + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 “還是還是的好的好” “不妨干某事不妨干某事” Eg: You may as well go and have a look.3.may/might have done 表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生過的事情的推測(cè)，表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生過的事情的推測(cè)，意為意為“可能已經(jīng)做過某事可能已經(jīng)做過某事”Eg: I cant find my sunglasses. I may/mig

11、ht have left them in your office.1.Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. shouldC. can D. will2.Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. willAB3. will 與與would 1. 用于第二人稱的疑問句中，表用于第二人稱的疑問句中，表“請(qǐng)求、建議請(qǐng)求、建議”等，用等，

12、用 would 比用比用will 委婉，客氣些委婉，客氣些Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea?2. 用于表示意志或意愿，意為用于表示意志或意愿，意為“會(huì)，愿意會(huì)，愿意” 。will 指現(xiàn)在，而指現(xiàn)在，而 would 指指 過去。過去。用于否定句中，表示用于否定句中，表示“不會(huì)、不肯、不樂意不會(huì)、不肯、不樂意”。Eg: 1) I wont do that again. 2) They said that they would help us. 3) No matter what I said, he w

13、ont listen to me.3.表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 譯作譯作 “總是、慣于總是、慣于”， will 指現(xiàn)在指現(xiàn)在常常，常常，would 指過去常常。指過去常常。Eg: 1)This man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything. 2) Mary will keep asking some silly questions. 3) Every evening, she would sit by window, deep in thought. 4) We would sit around Grandp

14、a after supper, listening to his stories.1. If you _ wait here for another 5 minutes, our manager will come back. A. should B. will C. need D. must2. When he was there, he_ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might BA4. should與與ought to1. ou

15、ght to比比should語(yǔ)氣更重。兩者都用于表勸告、建議。語(yǔ)氣更重。兩者都用于表勸告、建議。 意為意為”應(yīng)該、應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)該、應(yīng)當(dāng)”。但在疑問句中常用但在疑問句中常用should。ought to的否定式為的否定式為oughtnt to或或ought not to。Eg: I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby. Should I open the window? What should we do next? 2. 兩者都可表示推測(cè)，表示很大的可能性。兩者都可表示推測(cè)，表示很

16、大的可能性。意為意為 “可可能、按理該能、按理該”Eg: 1) Its 7 oclock, he should be at home. 2) They should have arrived by now.3. ought to/should have done 本應(yīng)該干某事可事實(shí)未干本應(yīng)該干某事可事實(shí)未干 oughtnt to/shouldnt have done本不該干某事可事實(shí)本不該干某事可事實(shí) 卻干了卻干了Eg: You should have invited me to the party yesterday. You are right. I Should have thought

17、 of that. You shouldnt have eaten all the cakes in one day. 4. Should可以用來表示說話人的驚奇等情感，意為可以用來表示說話人的驚奇等情感，意為“竟然，居然竟然，居然”Eg: 1) Its surprising that Mary should love such a person. 2) Its unbelievable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song.1.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so

18、rude to a lady. A. can B. should C. may D. must2. - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. - They _ be ready by 12:00 A. can B. should C. might D. need3. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. ought to have studied D. woul

19、d studyBBc5. shall1. Shall用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示說話人征用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見或請(qǐng)求。求對(duì)方的意見或請(qǐng)求。 Eg: 1) Shall we begin our discussion? 2) Shall I change the clothes for the child? 3) Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow? 4) Henry is waiting outside. Shall he come in? 2. Shall用于二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人用于二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人

20、的允諾、警告、命令、威脅等語(yǔ)氣。的允諾、警告、命令、威脅等語(yǔ)氣。Eg: 1)You shall get an answer from me tomorrow. 2) He shall be punished. 3) You shall go with me. 4) Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he behaves well.1. Chairman Zhang, many people want to see you. _they wait here or outside? A. shall B. can C. should D. may2. Y

21、ou _use my bike if you can return it to me before Ileave here. A. should B. shall C. need D. must3. You _be punished if you break the rule. A. shall B. should C. need D. mustABAmust/haveto/need1.must用于一般問句中用于一般問句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must,否定回答用否定回答用 neednt或或dont have to，意，意為為 “不必不必”。mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允許禁止，不允許” M

22、ustIfinishallhomeworkatatime?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt/donthaveto.I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. Mother was out, so I had to look after the shop.2.表示表示“必須必須”這個(gè)意思時(shí)，這個(gè)意思時(shí)，must 和和have to 稍有區(qū)別。稍有區(qū)別。must著重說明主觀著重說明主觀看法，看法，have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。另外，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。另外，have to 能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。 Youmustbethenew

23、teacher.Hemustbejoking.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome.3.must表示對(duì)某人某事的肯定猜測(cè)表示對(duì)某人某事的肯定猜測(cè), 作作“準(zhǔn)是準(zhǔn)是”, “一定一定” , 用于用于肯定句肯定句中。對(duì)中。對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情作肯定判斷用過去發(fā)生的事情作肯定判斷用must have done，意為過去一定已經(jīng)做過某事。，意為過去一定已經(jīng)做過某事。Whymustyoualwaysinterruptme?Ifyoumustsmoke,doitoutside,pleaseWhymustitrainonSunday?4. must表示與說話人愿望相反

24、，翻譯成表示與說話人愿望相反，翻譯成“偏要，偏要，硬要，非要硬要，非要”5.注意對(duì)注意對(duì)need問句的回答問句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.you mustyou needntyou dont have to-Must we do it now? -No, you _. neednt(dont have to)【考例考例】The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we _ go to work tomorrow. (上海上海 2007春春)A. can

25、t B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt【點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題意考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題意, 可知可知這里表示這里表示“沒有必要沒有必要”, 故只能選故只能選C項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)?！究祭祭縒hat do you think we can do for our aged parents?You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. (重慶重慶 2007)A. dont have to B. oughtnt toC. mustnt D. cant 【點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)題意根據(jù)題意“除了和他們呆在一除了和他們呆在

26、一起做你自己外起做你自己外, 沒有必要做任何事情。沒有必要做任何事情?！笨芍@里選擇可知這里選擇dont have to表示表示“不必不必”。故選故選A項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。【考例考例】 -Jane has just come back from China and she looks happy.- She _ her trip very much.A.must enjoy B. must have enjoyedC. may enjoy D should have enjoyed【考例考例】 You _ return the book now, you can keep it until next we

27、ek if you like.A.cant B. mustntC. neednt D. may not【考例考例】Where is Dad, Mary? He _ the flowers in the garden.A.must water B. must be wateringC. Must have watered D. watered【考例考例】-Whats the matter with the man hanging his head there? -Well. If you _know, he was caught stealing my bike.A.must B. may C.

28、 can D. shall情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)用法小結(jié)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)用法小結(jié)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)韺?duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的推測(cè)情況的推測(cè)對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)韺?duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的推正在進(jìn)行的推測(cè)測(cè)對(duì)過去情況的對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)推測(cè)肯定推測(cè)肯定推測(cè) mustmust+vmust+be doingmust+have done可能推測(cè)可能推測(cè)may/mightmay/might+v may/might+be doingmay/might+have done否定推測(cè)否定推測(cè)cant/couldntcant/couldnt+vcant/couldnt+be doingcant/couldnt+have done疑問推測(cè)

29、疑問推測(cè)can/couldcan/could+vcan/could+be doingcan/could+have done 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done這是歷年高考熱點(diǎn)之一，這是歷年高考熱點(diǎn)之一，可表示可表示“推測(cè)、責(zé)備、懷疑推測(cè)、責(zé)備、懷疑”等多種意義。等多種意義。一、表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)或估計(jì)一、表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)或估計(jì)1. must have done “過去肯定已經(jīng)做了某事過去肯定已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night.2. may/might have done “可能可能/大概已經(jīng)做了某事大概已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: Tom may hav