校本名詞性從句

1、1. 概念概念 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句句 (Noun Clauses）。）。 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等, 因此根據(jù)因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能它在句中不同的語法功能, 名詞從句又可分名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句別稱為主語從句(Subject Clause)、賓語從句、賓語從句(Object Clause)、表語從句、表語從句(Predicative Clause) 和同位語從句和同位語從句(Appositi

2、ve Clause)。What he wants to tell us is not clear. I believe (that) he is honest. The question is who (which of you) will be the next speaker. The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句2. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類: 連接詞連接詞/從屬連詞從屬連詞that,

3、 whether, if 不充當(dāng)不充當(dāng) 從句的任何成分從句的任何成分 連接代詞連接代詞: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 連接副詞連接副詞: when, where, how, why3. 不可省略的連詞：不可省略的連詞：1) 介詞后的連詞介詞后的連詞 2) 引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。略。 That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won. 一、主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主語一

4、、主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主語, 它可它可 以位于句首以位于句首, 但常見的主語從句多放在但常見的主語從句多放在句末句末,句首則用形式主語句首則用形式主語it。1. That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round. 主語從句的用法主語從句的用法2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether he will come. 注意注意: 連詞連詞that, whether在從句中不擔(dān)任在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分句子成

5、分,只起連接作用只起連接作用,不能省略不能省略 (注注: if不可用來引導(dǎo)主語從句不可用來引導(dǎo)主語從句）二、用二、用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) It is名詞從句名詞從句 It is a fact that 事實是事實是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that是常識是常識(2) It is形容詞從句形容詞從句 (多用多用 should+V.) It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物動詞從句不及物動詞從句 It

6、seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4) It is 過去分詞從句過去分詞從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報道據(jù)報道 It has been proved that 已證實已證實 It is said that 據(jù)說據(jù)說It is certain that he will come.It is said that some American friends will visit our school next week.It happened that we were out for a walk

7、 yesterday evening.It doesnt matter whether I stay or not.三、用帶三、用帶-ever的引導(dǎo)詞的引導(dǎo)詞 (如如whoever, whatever) 引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不后置。引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不后置。 Whoever leaves the room last should close the door. Whatever we do must be in the interests of （為了（為了的利益）的利益）the people.四、四、it 作形式主語和作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句的比較引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句的比較 it 作形式主語代替主語從

8、句作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu), 主語從句的連接詞有變主語從句的連接詞有變化。而化。而it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句則是對句子某一部引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進行強調(diào)分進行強調(diào),無論強調(diào)的是什么成分無論強調(diào)的是什么成分,都可都可用連詞用連詞that。被強調(diào)部分指人時也可用。被強調(diào)部分指人時也可用who/whom。例如。例如: It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.（形式主語）（形式主語） It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. （形式主語）（形式主語

9、） It is in the morning that the murder took place.（強調(diào)句）（強調(diào)句） It is John that broke the window. （強調(diào)句）（強調(diào)句）五、五、what與與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)別在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)別 what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分引導(dǎo)主語從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語、賓語、表語如主語、賓語、表語, 而而that 則不充當(dāng)成分。則不充當(dāng)成分。例如：例如： What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a consol

10、ation（安慰）（安慰）. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句主句 + 連接詞連接詞(引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞) + 賓語從句賓語從句連接詞分類連接詞分類: 從屬連詞從屬連詞that, whether, if 連接代詞連接代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what 連接副詞連接副詞 where, how, why, when 賓語從句的用法賓語從句的用法一、連詞一、連詞 (引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞)1. 當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(包括肯定句包括肯定句和否定句和否定句), 連詞由連詞由that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo), 因為因為that在從句中不作任何成分在從句中不作任何成分, 也沒有也沒有任何具體意思任

11、何具體意思, 因此在口語或非正因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略式文體中常省略。 He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.Jane said (that) she wasnt late for the meeting. 2. 當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時, 由特殊由特殊疑問詞充當(dāng)連接詞疑問詞充當(dāng)連接詞, 因為該特殊疑問因為該特殊疑問詞詞(即連接詞即連接詞)在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分子成分, 具有一定的意義具有一定的意義, 所以不可所以不可以省略。以省略。Do you know what he sa

12、id just now?I dont remember when we arrived. I asked him where I could get so much money.Please tell me who we have to see.Do you know what time the plane leaves?3. 當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時,由連詞由連詞whether或或if引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)(口語中常用口語中常用if),因為因為if/whether翻譯成翻譯成“是否是否”,具有一定具有一定的意義的意義,所以不能省略。所以不能省略。 Lily wanted to kn

13、ow if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city . 注意注意: 關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用不能用if 表示表示 “是否是否”的情況如下：的情況如下： A) 在表語從句和同位語從句中。如：在表語從句和同位語從句中。如： The question is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the m

14、atch is unknown.B) 在主語從句中，只有用在主語從句中，只有用it 作形式主語時作形式主語時, whether和和if 都能引導(dǎo)主語從句都能引導(dǎo)主語從句, 否則否則, 也只能也只能用用whether。如如: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.C) 在介詞之后。在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以省略介詞往往可以省略) 如如: It all depends (on) whether

15、 they will support us.D) 后面直接跟動詞不定式時。如：后面直接跟動詞不定式時。如： He doesnt know whether to stay or not.E) 后面緊接后面緊接or not 時。如：時。如： We didnt know whether or not she was ready. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞關(guān)聯(lián)詞if, whether均可使用的情況如下：均可使用的情況如下： A) 引導(dǎo)賓語從句。如：引導(dǎo)賓語從句。如： I wonder if (whether) the news is true or not. B) 在在 “be+形容詞形容詞” 之后。如：之后。如： H

16、e was not sure whether (if) it is right or wrong. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用 whether或或if, 不能用不能用that的情況如下：的情況如下： 若若doubt一詞譯成一詞譯成“懷疑懷疑”接賓語從句接賓語從句時時, 主句為肯定句主句為肯定句用用whether或或if, 主句為否主句為否定句或疑問句定句或疑問句用用that。如：。如： I doubt whether he will come soon. I do not doubt that he will come soon.Do you doubt that he will come so

17、on？4. 跟在介詞后的賓語從句跟在介詞后的賓語從句: 賓語從句放在賓語從句放在介詞后作介詞的賓語介詞后作介詞的賓語, 在使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)時在使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)時不能丟掉介詞。不能丟掉介詞。 There is no news about whether a new bridge will be built. We are considering of where these trees should be planted.二、語序二、語序: 連接詞陳述句連接詞陳述句 合成一個句子：合成一個句子：He would be back in an hour. He said He said (that) he

18、would be back in an hour.Do they speak English? We want to know We want to know if/whether they can speak English.What is her name? He asks me He asks me what her name is.三、時態(tài)：三、時態(tài)： 如果主句是過去的時態(tài)如果主句是過去的時態(tài)(包括一般過去包括一般過去時時, 過去進行時過去進行時), 那么從句的時態(tài)一定那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)。要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)。 When will Professor L

19、i give us a talk? We wanted to know We want to know when Professor Li would give us a talk. Jim is a good student. The teacher said The teacher said (that) Jim was a good student. Has Mr. Green been in Beijing for five years? He asked He asked if/whether Mr. Green had been in Beijing for five years.

20、四、在四、在think, believe, suppose, expect 等動詞等動詞之后之后,賓語從句中謂語的否定常轉(zhuǎn)移到主賓語從句中謂語的否定常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語上。句的謂語上。 I dont think he will see you. I dont believe he will go. We dont expect he is coming. I dont think he can do it, can he? 注注: 此種用法主句的主語必須是第一人此種用法主句的主語必須是第一人稱稱I或或we，而且它的反意疑問句的，而且它的反意疑問句的助動詞由從句的助動詞來定。助動詞由從句的助動詞來

21、定。 I dont think he can do it, can he? I dont think you are right, are you? 在在suggest, insist, demand, order, require 等表示建議等表示建議,命令命令,要求的動詞后要求的動詞后,從句的謂語從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。如動詞要用虛擬語氣。如: I insisted that he（should）do it at once. She suggested that the work (should) be finished at once. 注意注意:1. 當(dāng)從句是客觀真理當(dāng)從句是客觀真

22、理,定義定義,公理公理,定理時定理時用一般現(xiàn)在時。用一般現(xiàn)在時。注意：注意：2. 如果主句的謂語動詞是如果主句的謂語動詞是ask時時,連詞不可連詞不可能是能是that;如果主句的謂語動詞是如果主句的謂語動詞是say時時, 連詞用連詞用that。1) He asks if I like playing the piano.2) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.3. 如果從句中含有如果從句中含有or或或or not時時,只能用只能用whether而不用而不用if。 Do you know whether he is righ

23、t or not? I dont care whether hell stay here or not. I dont know whether it is going to rain or not.五、在接復(fù)合賓語的句子中五、在接復(fù)合賓語的句子中, 為了保持句子為了保持句子平衡平衡, 用用it 作形式賓語作形式賓語,將從句放于句尾將從句放于句尾, 常接常接復(fù)合賓語的動詞有復(fù)合賓語的動詞有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. 1

24、. He asked _ for a violin. (MET1992) A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. (NMET1997) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 在復(fù)合句中用作表語的從句是表語從句在復(fù)合句中用作表語的從句是表語從句, 引導(dǎo)表語從引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞

25、與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語表語從句位于連系動詞后從句位于連系動詞后,有時用有時用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為為:主語主語 + 系動詞系動詞 + that從句。從句。 Thats what we should do. Thats why I want to see you. The reason for my absence was that I was ill.表語從句的用法表語從句的用法 1. be, seem, look等動詞后均可跟表等動詞后均可跟表語從句：語從句： My suggestion is that we sho

26、uld go shopping. It seems that it is going to rain. 2. as if, because 也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。 It looks as if its going to rain. It was because I got up late. 3. 在非正式文體中在非正式文體中,引導(dǎo)表語從句的引導(dǎo)表語從句的that可以省略。如可以省略。如: The trouble is (that) he is ill. 注意注意:在表語從句中在表語從句中,當(dāng)當(dāng)reason做主語時做主語時,引導(dǎo)詞只能用引導(dǎo)詞只能用that,不能用不能用becaus

27、e。 The reason why he was late was that he didnt catch the early bus.他遲到的原因是因為他沒有趕上早班車。他遲到的原因是因為他沒有趕上早班車。 4. 主句的主語是名詞主句的主語是名詞idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement時時, 表語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣表語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,即即: (should) +v. My suggestion is that we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just setting it aside. 1. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the s