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1、.廣東省廣州市七年下冊(cè)U1-U8語法歸納大全Ø Unit 1語法總結(jié):冠詞1. 不定冠詞:a university, uncle, useful an hour, umbrella, English, interesting/ exciting/ important/ honest2. 定冠詞: the口訣:特指雙熟悉,上文已提及。世上獨(dú)一無二,序數(shù)最高級(jí)。某些專有名,習(xí)語及樂器。3. 零冠詞口訣:專有名詞不可數(shù),代詞限定名詞前。復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,四季星期月份前。學(xué)科球類三餐飯,稱呼習(xí)語及頭銜。Ø Unit 2語法總結(jié):一專有名詞 1定義:表示特定的人名、地名或組織機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱
2、,專有名詞一般具有獨(dú)一性。人名 如:Jenny,Billy, White地名 如:China,F(xiàn)rance, Downing Street節(jié)日名稱 如:the Spring festival,Dragon Boat Festival星期名稱 如:Sunday,F(xiàn)riday, Thursday月份名稱 如:May,July, September組織機(jī)構(gòu)名稱 如:the Red Cross,Asian Development Bank書籍報(bào)刊名稱 如:China Daily,New York Times, Daily Mirror2本卷須知: 一般情況,專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母大寫,前面不能用不定冠詞
3、“a或“an,通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。Eg:Beijing is the capital of China. 有時(shí)專有名詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化成普通名詞,轉(zhuǎn)化后它具有普通名詞的特性,可以在其面前加不定冠詞“a 也可以在詞尾加表示復(fù)數(shù)形式的“s。Eg:A Mr Green called just now. 姓氏是專有名詞,一般情況下,沒復(fù)數(shù)形式,前面也不能加定冠詞“the。但假如姓氏前面加定冠詞“the,并后面加上“s時(shí)。那么表示“一家人其謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Eg: The Blacks are having dinner. 有些專有名詞外表上看是復(fù)數(shù)形式,但實(shí)際使用中謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Eg: The United
4、 States is in America.二并列連詞:and, but, so1and用來連接兩個(gè)并列的成分,表示添加、補(bǔ)充、引申。She sings and dances very well. 她唱歌跳舞都很好。My tall friend is handsome, intelligent and strong. 我的那個(gè)高個(gè)子朋友長得英俊,頭腦聰明,身體又強(qiáng)壯。 2but連接兩個(gè)意思轉(zhuǎn)折的概念。She is not my cousin, but my sister. 她不是我表妹,而是我親妹妹。3so表示因果關(guān)系,連接表示因果的句子。Those buildings were over 5
5、0 years old, so they were not strong enough.這些建筑物已有50多年的歷史,因此不夠鞏固。Ø Unit 3語法總結(jié):一反身代詞的分類單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱我自己我們自己第二人稱你自己你們自己第三人稱他自己他們自己她自己它自己二反身代詞有以下常見搭配 enjoy oneself = have a good time by oneself = alone help oneself tolearn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. 三注意:1 oneself 有單復(fù)數(shù)之分 I enjoy myself.
6、Children, help yourselves to some fish.2 有些動(dòng)詞后不跟反身代詞,get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。Please sit down.請(qǐng)坐。3 反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語。錯(cuò) Myself drove the car.對(duì) I myself drove the car.我自己開車。4 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中,第二個(gè)主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself 作主語。Charles and myself saw it.5 第二人稱作賓語,要用反身代詞。You should be proud of your
7、self.你應(yīng)為自己感到驕傲。Ø Unit 4語法總結(jié):一如今進(jìn)展時(shí)的構(gòu)成 如今進(jìn)展時(shí)由"be+v-ing"構(gòu)成。be應(yīng)為助動(dòng)詞,初學(xué)者最容易漏掉,它應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 二如今進(jìn)展時(shí)的應(yīng)用 1當(dāng)句子中有now時(shí),常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)展,這時(shí)要用如今進(jìn)展時(shí)。如: They are playing basketball now.如今他們正在打籃球。 2以look, listen開頭的句子,提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)展,這時(shí)要用如今進(jìn)展時(shí)。如: Listen!She is singing an English song.聽,她正在唱英語歌。 三如
8、今進(jìn)展時(shí)的變化 肯定句式:主語+be am, is, are+如今分詞+其它. 否認(rèn)句式:主語+beam, is, are +not +如今分詞+其它. 一般疑問句:Beam, is, are +主語+如今分詞+其它? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+beam, is, are+主語+如今分詞+其它? *對(duì)如今進(jìn)展時(shí)的特殊疑問句的答復(fù),它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況答復(fù)。Ø Unit 5語法總結(jié):1表示數(shù)量的詞的詳細(xì)用法:描繪數(shù)量提問數(shù)量只可修飾可數(shù)名詞many, few, a few, a number ofHow many只可修飾不可數(shù)名詞much, little, a li
9、ttleHow much既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any, no2可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞用單位詞表示: a+量詞+of+名詞 如: a cup of 一杯.,a bottle of 一瓶.,a piece of 一張.,a pair of一雙 a bowl of一碗.,a glass of 一瓶.,如: two cups of tea兩杯茶, five pieces of paper五張紙,a box of apples一箱蘋果Ø Unit 6語法總結(jié):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形原形過去式詞義同義詞組cancou
10、ld可以be able tomaymight可能;或許mustmust必須have / has towillwould將會(huì);愿意shallshould應(yīng)該ought othad betterhad better最好needneeded需要【根本句型】肯定句:主語+can / may / must.+動(dòng)詞原形. 否認(rèn)句:主語+can / may / must.+not+動(dòng)詞原形. 疑問句:Can / May / Must.+主語+動(dòng)詞原形?【注意】在答復(fù)must的疑問句中,否認(rèn)答復(fù)用neednt或dont have to表示“不必,不用mustnt。Ø Unit 7語法總結(jié):一祈使句:
11、以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,一般只有肯定和否認(rèn)兩種形式。 1. 肯定形式動(dòng)詞原形開頭 1以系動(dòng)詞be開頭的祈使句,這種祈使句的常用構(gòu)造:be+形容詞 / 名詞 2以實(shí)義動(dòng)詞開頭的祈使句,這種祈使句的常用構(gòu)造為:動(dòng)詞原形+賓語+其他 3 let型Let+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 2. 否認(rèn)形式 1be型Dont be +其他成分 形容詞、名詞或介詞短語 注意:在這種句型中,be不能省略; 否認(rèn)副詞not不可置于be之后2do型Dont +動(dòng)詞原形+其他
12、60;3Let引起的祈使句有兩種否認(rèn)形式: a. Let+賓語+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 b. Dont+ let+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 4 在公共場合的提示語中,否認(rèn)祈使句常用“No名詞 / V-ing形式構(gòu)造,表示“制止做某事。 二感慨句:表示說話人的強(qiáng)烈的感情。1.What引導(dǎo)的感慨句的中心詞是名詞。該名詞前常有形容詞修飾,句中的主語和謂語一般可省去。句型為:Whata / an形容詞名詞主語謂語! 注:What構(gòu)造中的名詞假設(shè)為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,要用不定冠詞a/an
13、,而不用the;假設(shè)為復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞常見不可數(shù)名詞:work, weather, fun, food等,那么不用冠詞。2. How引導(dǎo)的感慨句的中心詞是形容詞或副詞。句型為:How形容詞副詞主語謂語!注:how 構(gòu)造中主語假如是名詞,常常前面要用定冠詞the。Ø Unit 8語法總結(jié):一時(shí)間狀語從句:在復(fù)合句中,由時(shí)間連接詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫做時(shí)間狀語從句。時(shí)間狀語從句通常由when, while, as, after, before, since, until等詞引導(dǎo)?!咀⒁狻繒r(shí)態(tài)問題:在狀語從句中,有“主將從現(xiàn)的規(guī)定,即主句用一般將來時(shí),從句用一般如今時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。當(dāng)其他時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),
14、時(shí)態(tài)一致。二used to do:表示“過去常常做某事或“過去常處于某種狀態(tài) 。 用法:used to do 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。只有過去式這一種形式。 形式:肯定式:used to 否認(rèn)式:used not to 或 didnt use to 疑問句:Diduse to?或Usedto 【拓展】used to do, be used to do與 be/get used to doing的用法區(qū)別used to do:意為“曾經(jīng)/過去常常做某事例如:He used to live in the countryside. 他過去住在鄉(xiāng)下be used to do:意為“被用來做某事。相當(dāng)be
15、used for doing例如:A knife is used to cut things. = A knife is used for cutting things. 刀被用來切割東西be / get used to doing:意為“習(xí)慣于做某事,這里的to是介詞,后接動(dòng)詞的ing形式例如:He is used to living in the country now. 他如今習(xí)慣住在農(nóng)村?!菊Z法專練】1. Yesterday evening I was playing the piano _ the doorbell rang. A. when B. before C. while D
16、. After2.Linda can play _ guitar well, but she cant play _ piano. A.a;the B.the;the C.an;the D./;the 3.Thanksgiving Day is the
17、0;time for you _ the people around you. A.thank B.to thank C.thanking D.to thanking 4._ is your gift for Lily? A.What
18、160; B.How C.When D.Why 5.My dad always tells jokes to make us _. A.to laughing .laughing C.to laugh D.laugh 6.Our English teache
19、r is a beautiful lady _ hair. A.in B.by C.with D.on 7.My parents are strict _ my studies. A.about
20、160; B.to C.on D.by 8.Our teachers always encourage us _ hard. A.work B.working C.to work D.to working 9.Au
21、drey Hepburn was famous _ her beauty and kindness. A.to B.as C.for D.of 10.Davids mother _ him not _ watch too much
22、;TV because its bad for his eyes. A.prefers;to B.prefers;than C.likes;to D.likes;than 11.Im sorry, Dad. I should call you this mor
23、ning _ I forgot, _ I was really busy. A.but;and B.and;so C.but;because D.so;but 12.People from both the USA and the UK speak&
24、#160;English, _American English is different from British English in some way. A.and B.because C.But D.so 13. We can not live without many things. _ ,water.
25、 A. Such as B.For example C.Like D.As13. Mo Yan is known _ a famous writer, A.for B.as C.to D.With
26、60;15.If you finish _ the report, you can have a rest. A. write B.wrote C.writing D.to write 16.Why not_ the right answers?
27、160;A.ticking B.tick C.to ticking D.to tick 17. Betty will ring me up when she _ in Beijing. A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive17. The Maths homework was quite difficult, but she
28、 finished it all _ herself. A.by B.in C.to D.for 19.You all worked hard in the past three months, so why not give
29、160;_ a big holidayA.you B.yourself C.your D.yourselves 20.Cathys book will help readers get a better understanding of _. A.yourself
30、60; B.ourselves C.yourselves D.themselves. 21.Tom sits _ the classroom while John sits _ the room. A. in front of;at back of
31、 B.in the front of;at the back of C.in front of;at the back of D.in the front of;at back of 22.I _ a lot but I dont play very often now. A
32、. use to play tennis B. was used to play tennis C. am used to play tennis D. used to play tennis23.Jack went to bed late last night, _ he woke up early today. A.but B.so
33、 C.since D.because 24.I often fight _ hunger when I was a child. A.against B.for C.of D.to 25.-Who is _ in
34、;your class? -Mike. A.tallest B.the tallest C.most tallest D.the most tallest26. So hows it _ at work these day? Stil
35、l enjoy it? A.go B.going C.to go D.went 27.Trees produce oxygen for people_. A.to breathe B.breathe C.to bre
36、athing D.breathing 28.You must stop _ that heavy schoolbag. Its bad for your back. A.carry B.carrying C.to carry D.to
37、;carrying 29. Lucy _ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon. A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cooks D. cooked30. - _ swim in the river again, Tom! -Sorry, I promise that I _. A. Don't; won't B. Don't be; won't C. Don't be; don't D. Don't; will31
38、. - Can you get me some juice to drink? I'm thirsty. - Sorry, there is _. Please ask Sally, instead.A. too much B. too many C. too little D. too few32. - How _ are these apples? - $10 each kg. It is so expensive that _ of us can buy them.A. much; all B. much; few C. many; all D. many; few33. Hurry up, kids! The school bus is com
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