2008年高考英語基礎(chǔ)寫作指導(dǎo)

1、2008年高考英語基礎(chǔ)寫作指導(dǎo)(I)第一講 記敘文：如何寫人一、寫作指導(dǎo)高考英語基礎(chǔ)寫作中的寫人側(cè)重人物的介紹，可以用第一人稱(如寫求職信)，也可以用第三人稱，時(shí)態(tài)常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，具體的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要依據(jù)寫作的要求來確定。寫作過程中要注意以下幾個(gè)方面的問題：1人物寫作通常需要介紹人物的姓名、年齡、外貌、學(xué)歷、經(jīng)歷、專業(yè)、愛好、特長(zhǎng)、事跡、性格等多個(gè)方面，但英語基礎(chǔ)寫作需要嚴(yán)格按照寫作要求來寫，包括所給的全部信息點(diǎn)，既不能遺漏，也不能隨意添加。2對(duì)題目所給的信息要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)重組，安排好寫作順序，突出重點(diǎn)信息。重點(diǎn)信息通常是寫作的目的所在，比如求職要重點(diǎn)突出學(xué)歷、經(jīng)歷，新聞報(bào)道要重點(diǎn)突出

2、事跡，介紹自己的老師、朋友要突出他們的特點(diǎn)，等等。3正確運(yùn)用描寫人物的詞匯和句型。4注意運(yùn)用正確的時(shí)態(tài)。描寫人物的外貌、性格、興趣等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而描寫人物的出生、教育背景、經(jīng)歷、事跡常用一般過去時(shí)。二、常用詞語外貌特征：beautiful, big nose, black eyes，fat, good-looking，handsome, healthy, near-sighted，ordinary-looking， pretty，short，strong, tall， thin, with a big nose, with a big smile, white-haired，1.80 me

3、tres tall, etc. 性格特點(diǎn)：absent-minded, attractive，bad-tempered，be ready to help others, bright，charming，confident, diligent，friendly, generous, have a good temper, humorous，independent, kind, kind-hearted，lazy，narrow-minded, naughty，patient，think of others, smart，talkative， warm-hearted，wise，etc. 出生年齡：

4、a twenty-five-year-old young man, as a boy of 15, at the age of 20, be born on February 12th, 1987 , during his childhood, in ones fifties, live a happy/ hard life, spend his childhood in the countryside, the son of a poor family, when he was a small boy, etc. 興趣愛好：be angry with sb for sth, be angry

5、 about, be delighted in doing, be good at singing, be interested in English, be fond of music, be crazy about, be pleased with, be sick for, be sorry for, be strict in ones work, be worried about, do well in his research work, ,enjoy doing, expect to do, feel surprised at, have a strong desire to do

6、, look forward to doing sth., long for (long to do), make rapid progress in, put ones heart into, take a pleasure in doing; wish to do, work hard at his studies, etc. 教育背景： be admitted to Beijing University, be enrolled in, fail in the test, get a masters degree, get on well with ones lessons, give

7、sb. a passing grade, go abroad to further ones study, graduate from Physics Department of Qinghua University, his father was very strict with him, lay a good foundation in English, major in history, receive a doctors degree, pass the examination, study hard at, take several courses at school, take a

8、n active part in class，when at college, etc. 經(jīng)歷事跡： become a member of the team, concentrate oneself to doing sth., devote oneself to ones business, do sth with great determination and perseverance, do research into this field, encourage sb to do sth, fight for our revolutionary course, give up ones

9、life for sth, have a good way of doing sth, have a talent for language, make up ones mind to do sth., overcome many difficulties, receive the Nobel Prize for physics, serve as nurse, set a new world record of 110 metre hurdling, try ones best to do sth., win the first prize in the competition, win a

10、 gold /silver/ bronze medal, etc. 他人評(píng)價(jià)：an inspiring leader, a model worker, an advanced teacher, be respected by all his students, be honored as, be considered as, be famous/known as, be regarded as, his hard work brought him great success, make great contributions to our country, one of the most im

11、portant persons in the past ten years, consider sb. as a genius, consider sb. as the greatest leader, set a good example for all of us, speak highly of him, etc. 三、實(shí)例分析【例1】 李華自我介紹假設(shè)你是李華，申請(qǐng)到一家外資企業(yè)工作，你需要用英文給人事部經(jīng)理寫一封信，介紹自己的基本情況，簡(jiǎn)介信包括下表所列內(nèi)容： 姓名李華出生年月1981年8月出生地廣東省佛山市學(xué)歷19942000 佛山第一中學(xué)20002004 廣州大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)系2004

12、至今 在一家計(jì)算機(jī)公司工作所學(xué)主要課程計(jì)算機(jī)、中文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語、體育特長(zhǎng)愛好游泳（曾獲得過大學(xué)游泳比賽一等獎(jiǎng)），音樂寫作要求：1  簡(jiǎn)介必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容（信的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好）；2  使用5個(gè)句子。 Dear Manager, . I am waiting for your reply. Thank you. Yours Truly,Li Hua寫作指導(dǎo)：文體記敘文，用第一人稱信息組織寫信目的，到貴公司工作；姓名、出生地點(diǎn)、日期； 學(xué)習(xí)簡(jiǎn)歷；學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，現(xiàn)在情況；愛好和特長(zhǎng)時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)參考范文：Dear Manager, I am writing you

13、a letter in order to apply for a position in your company. My name is Li Hua and I was born in Foshan City of Guangdong Province in August 1981. I studied in Foshan No. 1 Middle School from 1994 - 2000, and then I came to study in the Computer Department of Guangzhou University for four years. I stu

14、died computer science, Chinese, maths, English, P.E, and now I am working for a computer company. I like pop music and swimming very much, and I once won the first prize for swimming in the school competition. I am waiting for your reply. Thank you. Yours Truly,Li Hua【例 2】介紹姚明和劉翔假設(shè)你是李華，正在美國(guó)參加學(xué)習(xí)，課堂上老

15、師要求你簡(jiǎn)要介紹我國(guó)的名人，你選擇了姚明和劉翔，兩位體育明星，他們的基本情況如下：姓名姚明劉翔出生1980年，上海1983年，上海事跡世界著名籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，現(xiàn)在美國(guó)NBA火箭隊(duì)效力，球隊(duì)主力隊(duì)員之一，多次進(jìn)入美國(guó)全明星隊(duì)。多次獲得世界110米欄冠軍，2004年雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)冠軍，不久以后還打破了世界記錄。愛好聽流行音樂音樂，唱歌寫作要求：1  簡(jiǎn)介必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容（開頭已經(jīng)為你寫好）；2  使用5個(gè)句子。3  參考詞匯：火箭隊(duì) Rocket， 110米欄110-metre hurdling，雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)the Athens Olympic Games Hi, ever

16、yone. I would like to introduce two famous sport stars, Yao Ming and Liu Xiang._ _ Thats all. Thank you! 寫作指導(dǎo)：文體記敘文，用第三人稱信息組織有兩條線索：一是分別對(duì)比兩人的各項(xiàng)情況，二是先介紹姚明，再介紹劉翔。第二條線索比較好。姚明，籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，出生；主力隊(duì)員，明星隊(duì)； 劉翔，110米欄世界冠軍；04雅典冠軍，打破記錄；兩人的愛好。 時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)參考例文：Hi, everyone. I would like to introduce two famous sport sta

17、rs, Yao Ming and Liu Xiang. Yao Ming, born in Shanghai in 1980, is a world famous basketball player. He is now one of the best players in Team Rocket in NBA, and he has been in All-Star Team for several times. Liu Xiang, who was also born in Shanghai but three years younger than Yao Ming, is a world

18、 champion in the 110-metre hurdls. He won the first prize in the Athens Olympic Games and broke the world record soon after that. Both of them love music, but Yao Ming likes listening to pop music whilst Liu Xiang likes singing.四、即時(shí)練習(xí)1. 介紹同學(xué)假設(shè)你是李華，學(xué)校網(wǎng)站英文版通訊員，最近學(xué)校網(wǎng)站準(zhǔn)備宣傳一些優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，請(qǐng)你用英文為李敏同學(xué)寫一篇簡(jiǎn)介，李敏同學(xué)的基本情

19、況如下：姓名李敏職務(wù)高二（1）班班長(zhǎng)特點(diǎn)健康、活潑愛好體育活動(dòng)，唱歌跳舞事跡她各科成績(jī)都好，但她剛進(jìn)校時(shí)，英語學(xué)習(xí)有困難，經(jīng)過努力，成績(jī)上去了。2006年參加全國(guó)物理奧林匹克競(jìng)賽并獲得一等獎(jiǎng)。她嚴(yán)于律己，樂于助人。寫作要求：1  簡(jiǎn)介必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容；2  版面有限，只能使用5個(gè)句子。寫作指導(dǎo)：文體記敘文，用第三人稱信息組織姓名、職務(wù)、特點(diǎn)；愛好、成績(jī)； 英語學(xué)習(xí)困難；04物理競(jìng)賽；她的品格時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí) 2. 介紹兩位年輕人假設(shè)你是李華，正在倫敦的一條街上購(gòu)物，突然有兩個(gè)年輕人匆匆走過，引起了你的注意，你就向不遠(yuǎn)處的一位警察反映，正好他在尋找兩名小偷，他請(qǐng)

20、你書面描述一下那兩位年輕人的特征，你所看到的基本情況如下： 年輕人之一年輕人之二身高約190米約165米長(zhǎng)相高鼻子，大嘴巴，禿頭小鼻子，小眼睛，卷頭發(fā)衣著藍(lán)上衣，舊皮鞋黑色的褲子，運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋神色匆匆忙忙，四處張望，每人手上都拿著一個(gè)塑料袋。逃離方向沿著這條街，在紅燈處左拐彎。寫作要求：1. 書面描述必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容；2. 使用5個(gè)句子。參考詞匯：禿頭 bald head ，卷頭發(fā) curly hair寫作指導(dǎo)：文體記敘文，用第三人稱，側(cè)重描寫這兩個(gè)人的外表特征。信息組織信息組織可以有兩條線索，一是分別逐項(xiàng)對(duì)比，二是先描述一個(gè)，再描述另一個(gè)。選擇第一種比較容易辨別。身高對(duì)比；長(zhǎng)相對(duì)比； 衣著對(duì)比

21、；神色；方向時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)參考范文1. Li Ming, the monitor of Class 1 Grade 2, is healthy and lively. She does well in all her subjects, and she is fond of sports, singing and dancing. When she came to school, she had quite a lot of difficulties with the language, but with great efforts she made a l

22、ot of progress in her English language study. In 2006 she took part in the National Physics Olympic Competition and won the first prize. Li Ming is very strict with herself in her work and daily life, and is always ready to help other people.2. One is about 1.90 metres tall, and the other is only ab

23、out 1.65 metres, quite short. The taller has a big nose, a big mouth and a bald head, whilst the shorter one has a small nose, small eyes and curly hair. The taller is wearing a blue jacket, a pair of old shoes, and the shorter is wearing black trousers with sports shoes. Each of them took a plastic

24、 bag in their hands while going in a hurry and looked around sometimes. They ran away down his street and turned left at the red light.2008年高考英語基礎(chǔ)寫作指導(dǎo)(II)第二講 記敘文：如何敘事？一、寫作指導(dǎo)敘事類記敘文通常要將時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因和結(jié)果等六個(gè)要素交代清楚。好的記敘文具有描述事件具體、人物逼真形象、故事生動(dòng)感人、材料表現(xiàn)中心和寫作主旨明確等特征。高考英語基礎(chǔ)寫作中的敘事類短文也需要具有記敘文寫作的一般特點(diǎn)，但要求相對(duì)比較低，其考查重點(diǎn)

25、在語言運(yùn)用正確、句子連貫通順、信息點(diǎn)表述完整等方面。寫作時(shí)要注意以下幾個(gè)方面的問題：1. 嚴(yán)格按照基礎(chǔ)寫作的要求完成各個(gè)信息點(diǎn)，不要為了文章的生動(dòng)而隨意添加信息。2. 信息點(diǎn)的表述不要完全按照題目所給的順序，要適當(dāng)重組信息點(diǎn)。3. 記敘文寫作的時(shí)態(tài)多數(shù)是用一般過去時(shí)，但也要注意靈活運(yùn)用其它時(shí)態(tài)。4. 敘事類記敘文的話題通常和中學(xué)生的生活閱歷有關(guān)，如校園生活、旅游、交通、交友等，平時(shí)要注意積累這些方面的詞匯和短語。二、常用語句1. 表達(dá)時(shí)間a long time ago, at six oclock in the morning, at the end of, at the weekend, b

26、efore he came here, by the end of last term, during the summer holidays, in a few years time, in the past, in the old days, in the past ten years, in August 2002, in winter vacation, in weekdays, last month, next week, on Sunday morning, on October 1st, since early in the 20th century, so far, up to

27、 now, notuntil, while , etc.2. 表達(dá)地點(diǎn) at the crossing, at the end of the street, at the airport, at the village, at the foot of the mountain, at the bottom, at the top of, be located in, behind the park, be situated in, five kilometers to the north of Guangzhou, in the south of Guangdong Province, in

28、the middle of the park, in Class 3 Grade 2, in the front of the bus, in front of the bus, in the tree, in Guangdong, in China, lies to the west of Sichuan, on the other side of the street, on both sides of the road, on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean ,on the right, etc.3. 表達(dá)因果as, as a result, be

29、cause, because of, for,  in the end, cause,  result in, consequently, originate from, since,  so, therefore,  It is clear that , It turns out to be , The primary reason is , etc. 4. 事件話題 (1)學(xué)校生活及學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)  be active in class, be interested in, be interest

30、ing to sb., be fond of, be good at , be poor at , be tired of ones work, be weak in, do ones homework, do sports after school, do well in; education for all-round development(素質(zhì)教育), examination-oriented education system(應(yīng)試教育), fail in the test, get a doctors degree, get on well with English, get an

31、“A” in the exam, get 90 marks for English, give sb. a passing grade, have a good command of the language, have eight classes every day, help with each other, lay a good foundation in, learnby heart, major in history, make friends with sb., make progress in, put ones heart into, pass the examination,

32、 study in groups, succeed in doing sth., take an active part in the activity, take several courses at school, work out a problem, work on a maths problem , work hard at, etc. (2)師生關(guān)系及其活動(dòng) be friendly to sb., be kind to sb, be a strict teacher, be strict with ones pupils, be strict in ones work, be sa

33、tisfied with , blame sb. for sth, correct the students homework carefully, devote all ones time to work, form a good habit of, get on well with sb, give advice on, give sb a lot of work , help sb with sth , make ones lessons lively and interesting, praise sb for sth., prepare for tomorrows lesson, q

34、uestion sb on, teach sb. English , teach sb how to do sth., etc.(3)課余活動(dòng)及周末生活 do some reading, enjoy a family trip, enjoy doing sth., go swimming, go for an outing, go to the cinema, have an outing at the seashore, have a swim, have dances on weekends, have a picnic at the weekend, have a party, hold

35、 a sports meeting, Internet bar, net friend, online love affair(網(wǎng)戀) , play the piano, play chess (basketball), see the sights of Beijing, spend ones time in many different ways, teach in a family, etc. (4)交通情況a big traffic jam, a traffic accident, be very crowded in the street, be seriously injured,

36、 by bus (train / ship / boat), drive a car, flight No. 2130, in a small boat, give sb. a lift, keep right, lie on the street, meet sb. at the station, on the bus ( train), on board, on ones way to London, on the journey, one way only , pick up sb., ride a bike, ride a horse , see sb. off at the airp

37、ort, self-service ticket , take a flight to New York, traffic light, travel through China, turn right, etc. (5)度假旅游 New Years Day, Womens Day, May Day, Youth Day, Childrens Day, Teachers Day, Mid-Autumn Day, National Day, valentines Day, the Spring Festival, a hot spot, a place of interest, a touris

38、t destination, a five-star hotel, a good restaurant, a return ticket, a single ticket, a city with a long history, a quiet village, a three-day tour, an experienced guide, Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, beautiful scenery, in peak tourist seasons, natural attraction, on ones way to France, on the back w

39、ay , one of the great wonders of the world, spend ones holidays on the sea , the 11th Asian Games, travel agency, the tour route, the inner-ring road, travel to England, the Great Wall , the Summer Place , Zhongshan Park , etc. (6)環(huán)境保護(hù)a good environment, area pollution, air pollution, air quality st

40、andard, Antarctic Circle, atmospheric chemistry, a heavy rain, a heavy snow, be polluted, be hot, be cold, be cool, be cloudy, be rainy, be sunny, be flooded, climate, carbon dioxide(CO2), chemical change, chemical cleaning of coal, climate change, dirty, drought, dry, flood, early warning system, e

41、nvironmental behavior, environmental quality, feel comfortable, global warming, minus 20 degrees centigrade(-20°), 30 degrees above zero(30°)，sea level, warning center, wastes, water surface , water treatment, water pollution control, weather, windstorm , etc. 三、典型例文【例1】介紹學(xué)校 假設(shè)你是李華，你的筆友Jan

42、e準(zhǔn)備暑假來你校參觀，想請(qǐng)你介紹一下學(xué)校情況。下面是你校的基本信息，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容給Jane回一封信，并表示歡迎她來參觀。學(xué)校名稱廣東第三中學(xué)地理位置離大海約15公里的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上學(xué)校歷史80多年歷史的老學(xué)校師生人數(shù)老師200多人，學(xué)生3000多人，高中學(xué)段校園環(huán)境占地近15萬平方米，學(xué)校很美，有花草，大樹，三座教學(xué)大樓，6座宿舍樓學(xué)習(xí)課程中文、數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)、英語、計(jì)算機(jī)、體育、美術(shù)等寫作要求：(1)必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容（信的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好）；(2)只能使用5個(gè)句子。參考詞匯： 宿舍樓dormitory buildingDear Jane, I am very glad to tell you

43、 something about our school, Guangdong No. 3 Middle School. _ _ Best wishes to you.Yours sincerely,Li Hua審題：文體記敘文，用第三人稱信息組織名稱、位置、歷史；師生人數(shù)，校園面積； 校園環(huán)境；學(xué)習(xí)課程；邀請(qǐng)時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)特別注意1.邀請(qǐng)的內(nèi)容不再方框內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的，不能忽略。2.高中學(xué)段：可以和人數(shù)一起結(jié)合起來說3000多高中生。參考范文：Dear Jane,I am very glad to tell you something about our school, Guangdong No. 3

44、 Middle school. It lies in a small town about 15 kilometres away from the sea and it has a history of over 80 years. Our school, covering an area of nearly 150 thousand square meters, has more than 200 teachers and 3000 senior students It has three teaching buildings and six dormitory buildings, wit

45、h many flowers and tall trees all around, so its very beautiful. In our school we learn Chinese, maths, science, English, computer, PE, arts and some other subjects. We warmly welcome you to visit our school in the summer holidays.Best wishes.Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【例 2】介紹春節(jié)假如你是李華，你校的外教要在中國(guó)過春節(jié)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)

46、以下內(nèi)容，用英文寫一篇短文介紹我國(guó)的春節(jié)，并祝他們節(jié)日愉快。時(shí)間一般在二月份，中國(guó)農(nóng)歷正月初一，前后要持續(xù)半個(gè)月風(fēng)俗1. 12生肖命名，如狗、猴、虎等，今年是豬年2. 春節(jié)前人們要大掃除，大年夜全家人在聚集一起吃年夜飯 3. 年初一、初二走訪親友，給孩子們壓歲錢寫作要求：(1)必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容（題目已經(jīng)寫好）；(2)只能使用5個(gè)句子。參考詞匯： 農(nóng)歷Chinese Lunar Calendar 壓歲錢lucky money 審題：文體記敘文，用第三人稱信息組織新年時(shí)間；12生肖； 大掃除，聚餐；初一、初二走親戚、給利市；祝愿。 時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)特別注意祝愿的內(nèi)容不在方框內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的，不能忽略。參

47、考范文：A brief Introduction of the Chinese Spring FestivalThe Chinese Spring Festival comes on the first day of the Chinese Lunar Year, which is usually in February. There is a name for each year, such as the dog, the monkey, the tiger or one of the twelve animals, and this year is the year of the pig.

48、 Before the New Years Day, the Chinese people usually give their houses a good cleaning and on the last evening of the old year, all the members of a family will get together and have a big meal. On the first or second day of the new year, people usually go to visit their relatives and friends and g

49、ive some lucky money to children.I wish you have a good time during the Spring Festival.四、即時(shí)練習(xí)1. 義工活動(dòng)假設(shè)你是李華，正在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。2007年7月28日，你與班上的幾名同學(xué)一起參加了義工活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下表格的內(nèi)容，給老師寫一篇小短文，描寫當(dāng)天參加義工活動(dòng)的情況。時(shí)間2007年7月27日，星期五參與者你自己，英國(guó)的John，印度的Sinba,美國(guó)的Keith 等18名同學(xué)地點(diǎn)Lee蘋果場(chǎng)，距離學(xué)校大約60公里，西北方向交通早上8點(diǎn)出發(fā)，坐公交車1個(gè)小時(shí)，再步行15分鐘內(nèi)容前幾天龍卷風(fēng)襲擊了農(nóng)場(chǎng)，撿蘋果并分類，好的放入籮筐感受累，但有意義寫作要求：(1)必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容；(2)只能使用5個(gè)句子。參考詞匯