“說寫結(jié)合”培養(yǎng)小學生的英語寫作能力

1、基礎教育階段英語課程的任務之一就是使學生掌握一定的英語基礎知識和聽、說、讀、寫技能，形成一定的綜合語言運用能力?？v觀當前的小學英語教學，教師往往注重口語交際的訓練，忽視對寫的有效練習；現(xiàn)行的教材也比較重視聽說訓練，對寫的內(nèi)容安排很少，且缺乏相應的指導。為了彌補這方面的不足，筆者在教學實踐中將英語寫作融入日常教學中，使說和寫有機結(jié)合，通過英語寫作訓練使說的訓練得到進一步升華，實現(xiàn)口語表達向書面表達的轉(zhuǎn)化，以說帶寫，以寫促說，進一步增強小學生運用所學語言的能力，有效提高小學生的英語水平。一、開展閱讀活動，引發(fā)學生的寫作欲望閱讀是學生獲取知識和信息最常用的方法和最基本的途徑。在閱讀過程中，學生通過聯(lián)

2、想、思維、理解和記憶等方式對信息進行分析、篩選和創(chuàng)造，使之更加鮮活，更富有意義。筆者經(jīng)常給學生布置一些讀的作業(yè)，要求學生每天閱讀一篇英語小故事、小作文或小笑話，在閱讀的過程中遇到生詞就摘抄下來，一方面積累了詞匯，另一方面也拓寬了知識面。下面是一位學生根據(jù)A Little Dog 仿寫的一篇小作文：My CatI have a lovely little cat. It has two big blue eyes, a black nose and a small mouth. And it has yellow, white and brown fur. Its paws are white.

3、 It's so beautiful. I love it very much. It likes to play with a ball and hide -and -seek. It doesn't like hot weather, but it likes cool weather. It likes to eat sausage and fish. I help it to have a bath once a week. I love it.最初讓學生用英語寫作時，他們只能仿寫教材中自己喜歡的一個小片段，后來開始仿寫整篇作文，英語寫作水平逐漸提高。二、組織“小記者采

4、訪”活動，激發(fā)學生的寫作興趣為了激發(fā)學生的寫作興趣，筆者在學生中開展了“今天我是一名小記者”活動。每位學生根據(jù)筆者預先設定好的采訪內(nèi)容Ask Your FriendYour friend's nameHow old is he (she)?What does he (she) look like?How tall is he (she)?What does he (she) like to do?“小記者采訪”活動增進了學生之間的交流，提高了他們的英語口語交際能力。他們在采訪過程中把獲得的信息寫出來，也提高了英語寫作水平。學生通過采訪完成表1，然后根據(jù)實際情況完成表2：2 My Fri

5、endI have a good friend. Her name is Zhang Lu. She is eleven years old. Her face is round. She has two big eyes and a small nose. Her mouth is small and red. She is very beautiful. She is 1.5 metres tall. She likes to read books. She is a happy girl. A photo / picture of my friend學生的作品經(jīng)過老師指導和修改后，被推薦

6、刊登在本校的校園簡報和快樂英語小報上，這進一步激發(fā)了學生用英語寫作的熱情，增強了他們學好英語的自信心。漸漸地，小記者們由在校園內(nèi)采訪擴展到校外，采訪內(nèi)容由人物、動物擴展到身邊的事情，他們的英語運用能力和寫作水平逐步得到了提高。學生們在采訪活動中也開闊了眼界，體會到了說英語和寫英語的快樂。三、倡導“對話記錄”，培養(yǎng)學生的寫作能力小學英語（冀教版，三年級起始，下同） 中的課文很多是以對話形式出現(xiàn)的。如果僅僅讓學生朗讀和表演對話，教學活動就會顯得單調(diào)、機械。為了使學生真正做到學以致用，筆者在學生熟練掌握課文內(nèi)容的基礎上，讓學生以課文內(nèi)容為基礎進行自由對話，并把這些對話整理成一篇小短文，這既是對學生綜

7、合能力的訓練，又是對教材內(nèi)容的拓展。通過這種寫作訓練，學生思維更加靈活，學習更加主動，對所學知識的掌握更加牢固，同時提高了學生運用所學英語的能力。例如，筆者在教學完第七冊11 課Mr.Wood Teaches a Lesson 一課中有關形狀的單詞后，用幾個不同形狀的圖片拼成一個人的形狀，然后要求學生就此展開對話：S1: What is it?S2: It is a boy.S1: What shape is the boy's head?S2: His head is a circle.S1: How many circles are there on his head?S2: Th

8、ree circles. One big circle is his head. And the two blue small circles are his eyes.S3: What shape is his mouth?S4: His mouth is a red line.S5: What shape is his nose?S6: His nose is a triangle.S7: How many squares are there?S8: One square. And the pink square is his stomach.S9: What shape are his

9、legs and arms?S10: Two purple triangles make his legs. And the other two orange triangles make his arms. Oh, the boy is wearing a yellow hat, and the hat is a triangle.T: Is the boy beautiful?Ss: Yes, it is very beautiful.在學生創(chuàng)編對話之后，作為對口語表達的延伸，筆者要求學生把對話改寫成一篇記敘文。下面是一篇改寫后的學生習作：A Boy Made of ShapesI mak

10、e a boy with some shapes. He is beautiful. Look, he is wearing a yellow hat. The hat is a triangle. He has two big blue eyes. His eyes are two circles. His eyes are very bright. His orange nose is too small. His nose is a triangle. His mouth is red and it is a line. His arms and legs are triangles.

11、What shape is his stomach? Oh, his stomach is square. This is a boy made of shapes. Do you like him?在口語交際的基礎上進行寫作訓練可以激發(fā)學生英語寫作的主動性和創(chuàng)造力，使英語寫作活動變得簡單易行，使學生的口語表達能力與寫作能力相互促進和提高。四、鏈接“友情日記”，增進學生英語寫作的動力“日記教學”是一種在教師指導下的不拘形式、自由輕松的寫作方式?！坝亚槿沼洝眲t能進一步發(fā)揮學生獨自創(chuàng)作以及與同學互相交流的優(yōu)勢，發(fā)揮小學生思維靈活、對新鮮事物特別感興趣等天性，讓學生在自由自在的寫作環(huán)境中感受語言表達

12、的快樂，逐步提高寫作水平。為了激發(fā)學生的寫作興趣，提高學生的寫作能力，筆者把全班學生分成四人小組，每個小組共用一個日記本，各個組員分工合作，選擇生活中的某個素材寫成小作文，每位學生寫完以后署上自己的名字，然后同學之間互相修改評閱。在“友情日記”活動中學生既是作者，又是讀者，還是評閱者，相互取長補短。這種學生間交流寫作、閱讀、評改的方式提高了學生用英語寫作的興趣和積極性。下面是一篇經(jīng)過學生相互修改后的日記：A Happy DayToday is Saturday. I am very happy because my mother and father take me to the park.

13、After a while, we arrive there. In the park, I see some flowers. They are very beautiful. The colour of the flowers are red, yellow and orange. They are colourful. I like them. Then I see a small lake. Many fish are swimming in the lake. I like the fish. Look, there is a beautiful boat over there. It's floating in the water. The water is very clean. I like this lake. Do you like it? Then we go to the zoo. There are many birds in the zoo. They are singing songs. I see some monkeys playing and eating. They are very naughty. A giraffe can reach