跨文化交際Nonverbal language time& space

1、精選pptElements of Nonverbal CommunicationNVCProduced by the body(kinesics)Combined with the settinggesturesparalanguagetoucheye contactfacial expressionsposturesSpace(proxemics)silenceTime(chronemics)精選pptNonverbal Communication (II) SPACE & TIME精選pptIn todays class, we willnappreciate how attitude t

2、oward use of space and time convey nonverbal messages in ICC精選pptCase study nThe first time I came to the United States I stayed for over two years without returning home. My first trip home was really hard because I had forgotten a lot of my native language and I spent most of my time translating e

3、verything in my head first before I could express it in proper French. I also had a lot of problems readapting to French society and the way of doing things.精選pptnOne of my worst episodes was going to a post office and being very angry at the people around me because I perceived them as not knowing

4、how to properly behave in a public place: they did not form in a waiting line but seemed to be packed in front of the teller, and they were also very close to each other without respecting the personal space that I had been accustomed to while living in the United States.精選pptI. SpacenSpace talks. -

5、 Edward HallnWhen you invade my space, I willqfeel troubledqget defensiveqbecome aggressiveqretaliate精選pptProxemicsnthe study of personal space for the purpose of communication (近體學(xué),空間關(guān)系學(xué))nthe study of set measurable distances between people as they interact Public spaceSocial spacePersonal spaceInt

6、imate space精選ppt “Body Bubbles”精選pptZones of Space nIntimate distance 0-45 centimeters nPersonal distance 45-80 centimeters nSocial distance 1.3-3 meters nPublic distance farther than 2 or 3 meters 精選pptNorthern American Zones of Space精選pptCultural styles also determine the amount of personal space.

7、 精選pptCulture & SpaceCulture Small space Large spaceAmerican GermanJapaneseFrenchArabLatin American精選pptSpace affects human communication in many other ways.nClassroom arrangements of desk and chairs A circular arrangement Sit in rows精選pptWhere to sit?Choose the seat and describe why精選ppt精選pptnSpace

8、 influences human communication through territoriality.nGood German neighbors are quiet, do not intrude, keep the sideway clean, and tend the flowers nicelynGood Chinese neighbors 精選pptparadoxq in Finland &Denmark. nin sauna桑拿精選pptReligious values may affect spatial arrangements.nThe Navajo always b

9、uild their hogan facing east, in order to face the rising sun.nIslamic people believe that the main entrance of important buildings should face in the direction of Mecca.nIn China精選pptArchitecture & Space “Good fences make good neighbors.”“Good fences make good neighbors.” “ “遠親不如近鄰，近鄰不如對門。遠親不如近鄰，近鄰

10、不如對門?！?“ “大門不出、二門不邁大門不出、二門不邁” Architectural design influences how privacy is achieved as well as how social contact is made in public places.精選ppt Different Housing Styles精選pptTouch Culture vs. Non-touch Culture精選pptTouching times recorded in an hour精選ppt精選pptWould you talk to strangers in a crowded

11、 elevator?Whats your opinion about crowding?Would you like to stay alone?精選pptTerritorialitynthe pattern behavior associated with the defense of a territory (領(lǐng)地性)nThe way people perceive territoriality is strongly influenced by culture.精選pptCultural influence on territoriality can be best illustrate

12、d from the following two aspects: nAttitudes towards crowding nPrivacy精選pptCrowding how people feel when their personal space is limited 精選ppt精選pptCauses精選pptPrivacynWesterners have a strong sense of privacy. nOriental culture does not emphasize privacy. 精選pptWestern View of Privacyn“A mans home is

13、his castle.”精選pptJapanese View of PrivacyShoji Screen DoorsFusuma Sliding DoorsTatami Floors 精選pptII. TimenTime talksnWhen you have made an appointment with your friend, say 10 a.m., when will you arrive?nWhen you have made an appointment with your teacher, say 10 a.m., when will you arrive?nIf you

14、are a boss of a company, when the scheduled time for meeting is 10 a.m. when will you arrive?精選pptChronemicsChronemics n nThe sense of timenTwo ways to study the concept of time n(1) monochronic vs. polychronic n(2) perceptions of past, present and future Chronemics is the study of how people percei

15、ve and use time. 精選ppta. Time is cyclical (循環(huán)的)b. Time is linear (線性的) Western cultures think time is linear a flow from the past to the present to the future. Life on earth evolved in response to the cycles of day and night and the ebb and flow of the tides.n The sense of time 精選pptnM-time is noted

16、 for its emphasis on schedules, segmentation and promptness.nP-time is less rigid and clock-bound.n monochronic (一元時間一元時間) vs. polychronic(多元時間）多元時間）精選pptnM-time:單一時間習(xí)慣，即以大部分的北美人、瑞士人、德國人及斯堪地那維亞人為典型。這些西方文化傾向在一個時間點上只專精一件事情。他們把時間區(qū)分為一個個小的單位，然后很關(guān)心準(zhǔn)時性。M-time是使用一種線性的方式，它認為誰在節(jié)省時間、浪費時間、停留時間、花費時間、損失時間都是看得到的。大

17、部分低相關(guān)文化都在M-time時間習(xí)慣下運作。nP-time:多重時間習(xí)慣，即在高度相關(guān)的文化中較常見，它是強調(diào)以比遵循時程表更多的方式來完成人類的交易。P-time的特征是同時間內(nèi)發(fā)生許多事情，并且和人們之間有很大的牽連。P-time如同高度相關(guān)的文化一樣需要先建立關(guān)系并吸收事件前后的關(guān)聯(lián)性。精選ppt精選ppt精選pptCase StudynOnce, a U.S. diplomat, new to an African country, was eager to meet with a high-level government official. After waiting for a

18、bout two weeks, he became impatient and pressed for an interview. It was grudgingly permitted. He arrived at the agreed time but was made to wait. Fifteen minutes passed, and there was still no sign of admitting him into the office. Half an hour passed; he was still asked to wait. He demanded an answer from the officials aid. But there was none. An hour passed before he was finally ushered in. To his surpr