資料案例語法講義unit2subject verb concord

1、1. Guiding principles2. Something worth noticingUnit 2 Subject verb concord2. Something worth noticing1). Problems of concord with collective nouns as subject2). Problems of concord with nouns having two numbers as subject3). Problems of concord with nouns ending in s.4). Problems of concord with ex

2、pressions of quantity as subject5). Problems of concord with a coordinate subject6). Problems of concord with a nominal clause as subject7). Subject-verb concord in existential sentences10. Subject-verb concord in cleft sentences 9). Subject-verb concord with a non- finite clause as subject8). Subje

3、ct verb concord with the+ adj. as subject Subject-verb concord is meant agreement between subject and predicate verb in number.Subject verb concordgrammatical concordnotional concordproximity(就近原則就近原則).1. Guiding principles返回1). Grammatical concordSubjectVerbPlural form Singular form / mass nounPlur

4、al formSingular formexamplesDefinitionIt refers to the verb must match its subject in number.1. The children _ outside now. A. play B. plays C. is playing D. are playing2. Every girl _ on time. A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming3. Much effort _ wasted. A. is B. are C. were D. be ?2). Notion

5、al concord (意義一致) ExamplesIt refers to the rule that the verb can sometimes agree with the subject according to the notion of number rather than to the actual presence of the grammatical marker for the notion. Definition1. Fifteen miles _ like a long walk to me. A. seem B. seems 2. The committee _ t

6、o make its decision tomorrow. A. is B. are 3. The committee _ divided in opinion about this problem A. is B. are ?The principle of proximity denotes agreement of the verb with a closely preceding noun phrase in preference to agreement with the head of the noun phrase that function as subject. 3). Pr

7、oximityDefinition1. Either my brothers or my father _ coming. A. is B. are C. am D. be2. Neither Julia nor I _ going. A. is B. are C. am D. be返回1. Cattle _ in the fields. A. grazes B. is grazing C. was grazing D. are grazingPolice, people, militia, cattle, poultry, folk, vermin, etc一、總是跟復數謂語動詞的集合名詞1

8、). Problems of concord with collective nouns as subjectThe The other other words?words?返回二、總是跟單數謂語動詞連用的集合名詞1. The furniture in his room _ worn out. A. have been B. was C. are D. werefoliage, furniture, equipment, poetry, photography, cargo, machinery, merchandise, etcmore?三、有時跟單數有時跟復數謂語動詞連用的集合名詞1. T

9、he public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims. A. is B. are C. was D. has been2. The committee _, and it has decided to dismiss him. A. were met B. have met C. has met D. was metSomething else?返回Army, audience, c l a s s , f a m i l y, enemy, government, team, jury, party1. E

10、very means _tried but without much result. A. has been B. have been C. are D. is2. All possible means _ been used to save him. A. has B. have C. are D. is2). Problems of concord with nouns having two numbers as subject?返回3. These deer _ small compared with other species of deer. A. are B. is C. do D

11、. does?sheep, Chinese, deer, means, barracks(營房), headquarters(總部), series, species, works(工廠) etc.More similar words?返回1. The Canterbury Tales _ written by Chaucer. A. has been B. were C. was D. had been3). Problems of concord with nouns ending in -sIf the nouns ending in s are the names of a book,

12、 or newspapers, or the names of a country, the verb is usually in singular form.Why?返回2. The Himalayas _ to the south-west of China. A. lies B. lie C. lay D. laysgeographical names ending in s such as the names of archipelagos(群島), mountain ranges, straits(海峽) and falls are generally used as plural.

13、?3. The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came. A. had B. has been having C. are having D. were having?Why?The +表示姓氏的專有名詞s，表示一家人時作主語，謂語動詞用復數。4. Mumps _ a kind of infectious illness. A. is B. are C. were D. have beenNames of diseases ending in s are mostly treated as singular except for

14、“measles, rickets”, which can be in both singular and plural form.E.g.?Rickets is / are caused by malnutrition.5. Marbles _ one of the oldest of games. A. is B. are C. were D. have been6. Cards _ not allowed here. A. was B. is C. are D. have7. Marbles _ in kind and quality. A. varies B. vary C. has

15、varied D. is variedSummary?Game names ending in s are generally used as singular with the exception of cards which is usually treated as plural. 8. Statistics _ very difficult to learn. A. is not B. are not C. were not D. wasnt9. Statistics _ that the number of housewives who work part-time has incr

16、eased in the past few years in the U.S. A. show B. shows C. has showed D. has been showed why?Names of subjects ending ics are generally singular nouns, but some nouns are treated as plural when used in other senses.The usage of the other nouns ending in s.1. Scissors, pincers, glasses, trousers, 單獨

17、使用用復數，和單位詞連用，由單位詞決定。2. Arms, clothes, contents, goods, fireworks, wages, minutes, thanks, eaves, archives, morals, suburbs, stairs復3. Whereabouts, dramatics 單復均可4. ings一般用復 但tidings例外(單復均可)5. Remains 遺體(復) 遺跡，剩余物（單復均可）返回1) of構成的短語作主語時的主謂一致形式(1) “all (most, half, enough, some, the rest, the remainder

18、等) + of ”短語時的主謂一致 1. When enough of the tree _ chopped away, the tree will fall. A. is B. have C. was D. were4). Problems of concord with expressions of quantity as subject?返回2. Enough of the data _ been collected. A. has B. have C. are D. is3. Although his many examples were all right, the remainde

19、r _ not exact. A. is B. are C. was D. were notional concord (由后面的名詞決定)Why so?(2) none of , neither of , either of 構成的短語作主語時的主謂一致None of us _ ever been abroad.None of the money _ paid to me.Neither of the cars _ damaged.Either of the girls _Anns sister.has / havewaswasis口語中也可用復數口語中也可用復數(3) “分數或百分數 +

20、of”構成的短語時的主謂一致 1. Four-fifths of the crop _. A. are ruined B. was ruined C. were ruined D. have been ruined.2. Three-fourths of the buildings _. A. was destroyed B. is destroyed C. were destroyed D. has been destroyedNotional concord(由后面的名詞決定)? (4) “form (kind, part, type, portion等) + of短語作主語時的主謂一致1

21、. Parts of the book _ interesting. A. is B. are2. The kind of books an author writes _on the kind of man who he is. A. depends B. depend3. A new type of bus _ on show. A. is B. are謂語的形式由這些詞本身的形式決定，而不是of之后的詞。?(5) “one of + 復數名詞或代詞 + 定語從句”結構中的主謂一致1. He is one of the students who _ the examination. A.

22、has passed B. were passed C. have passed D. have been passed2. Tom is the only one of the staff members who _ to be promoted. A. is going B. are going C. has been going D. have been goingWhy so?Usually the verb takes the plural form. But when “one” is preceded by “the” or “the only”, the verb should

23、 be singular.(6) “a/the number (a/the variety) of + 可數名詞”作主語時的主謂一致1. A number of cars _ in front of the building. A. is parked B. are parked C. has parked D. was parked2. The number of private colleges _. A. are increasing B. have been increased C. have increased D. has increased(7) “an amount of ”或

24、“a quantity of + 不可數名詞”作主語時的主謂一致A large amount of money _(be) spent on the project.A large quantity of desert _(cover) the land.Small amounts of land _(be) used for raising animals.Large quantities of coal _(be) needed in the factory every year.iscoverswereare?謂語動詞的形式由 amount 和quantity本身的形式來決定。(8) a

25、 committee/panel of +Ns. A(the) board of + Ns, 謂語動詞用單數1. A committee of five men and three women _ to consider the matter.2. The board of directors _ responsible for the management of the company.isis?謂語動詞一般都用單數形式2) 非非of短語結構作主語時的主謂一致形式(1)由“more than one ”或“many a”構成的短語作主語時的主謂一致1. More than one worke

26、r _ dismissed. A. have been B. has been C. had been D. have2. Many a man _ life is meaningless without purpose. A. think B. thinks C. thought D. have thought謂語總是用單數。謂語總是用單數。(2)不定代詞each, one, no one, somebody, some (any, no, every) + (one或thing)作主語或作限定詞時的主謂一致1. Everybody in the office _ how to operat

27、e the computer. A. know B. is know C. were known D. knows2. Each of you _ send the letter. A. have to B. has to C. have D. had謂語總是用單數。謂語總是用單數。? (3)某些表示確定數量的名詞詞組作主語時的主謂一致1. Another five weeks _ necessary for us to finish the work. A. are B. were C. is D. will have been2. Twenty eight times eighty thr

28、ee _ two thousand, three hundred and twenty four. A. will make B. makes C. had made D. have made返回1) Coordination with “and” or “bothand”1. English and Chinese _ quite different languages. A. is B. are C. was D. were2. Both Paul and Tom _ gone fishing. A. is B. has C. are D. have5). Problems of conc

29、ord with a coordinate subject返回3. If law and order _ not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. is B. was C. are D. were4. The linebacker and captain of the team _ most valuable player. A. have been selected B. has been selected C. have selected D. has selected 5. Every man and

30、every woman _ required to vote for the candidate last month. A. is B. was c. are D. were2) Coordination with “or”, “eitheror”, “neithernor”, “not onlybut also”1. Not only they but also I _ interested in such kind of things. A. is B. are C. am D. was2. Neither Bill nor his parents _ at home. A. is B.

31、 are C. has D. was3) “名詞（或代詞）+ 某些詞組”作主語時的 主謂一致1. Interest, as well as prospects, _ important when one looks for a job. A. was B. is C. were D. are 2. Doctor Smith, together with his wife and two sons, _ to arrive on the evening flight. A. will be B. is C. are going D. are as well as, together with,

32、along with, like, in addition to, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, except返回1) what 分句作主語時的主謂一致1. What he did _ nothing to do with me. A. is B. has C. are D. have2. What we badly need here _(be) competent teachers.3. What are often regarded as poisonous fungi _ (be) sometimes safely edible.6). Problems of concord with a nominal clause as subjectareare返回2) 其他名詞性從句作主語時的主謂一致1. That they were wrong in the matters _ now clear to us. A. was B. is C. are D. were2