美國法院的雙軌制

1、The double systems of U.S courts The state courts are the courts in which disputes are ordinarily heard. Its trial courts include courts of limited jurisdiction and courts of general jurisdiction.Most states have trial courts of limited jurisdiction. These inferior courts are authorized to hear and

2、determine cases involving a relatively small amount of money or particular subject matters. The names and authority of courts of limited jurisdiction vary from state to state.State courtsAll states have courts, usually organized along county lines, for hearing cases of all types, unlimited by subjec

3、t matter or amount in controversy. Such courts are referred to as the trial courts of general jurisdiction. The court of general jurisdiction is known by different names in different states: in California it is the Superior Court; in New York, it is the Supreme Court; in many states it is the Circui

4、t Court; in other states it is known as the District Court, the County Court, the Court of Common Pleas, and other names. Whatever its name is, this is the court which hears all cases that are not channeled elsewhere.The Federal court system parallels the court systems of the states except that the

5、federal courts are courts of limited subject matter jurisdiction. And The Federal courts were divided into 4 types, namely the Supreme Court , the Federal Court of Appeals and the Federal District courts, the Federal Special courts.Federal courts As we know, America was born from the 13 colonies own

6、ed by U.K. These colonies then became the original 13 states of U.S. Each had its own constitution, statutes made by its own legislature, and a body of case law created by its own courts. So when the Constitutional Convention was held in 1787, how to establish a court system was hotly debated by tho

7、se founding fathers. The federal courts were established as part of the Federal government while those state courts remained unchanged as a compromise.The American legal system features a complexity resulting from American federalism. Within the federal structure, each state retains a substantial degree of autonomy. Each has its own constitution, statutes made by its own legislature, and a body of case law created by its own courts. So it can be said that instead o