論文寫作與國(guó)際發(fā)表 Unit1~2

1、Unit 1 Academic Paper Writing：General DescriptionUnit objectivesTypes of academic papersGeneral ways of preparing academic papersThe style of academic writingGeneral structure of an academic paperAcademic reportResearch paperCourse paperThesis/Dissertation etc.Academic ReportOften used to display th

2、e result of an experiment , investigation, or inquiry.The writer may not give his or her own opinion on the issue , nor evaluate the findings , but merely presents them in a sensible sequence.IMRAD：Introduction , Methods , Result , Discussion.Research Reportalso called a scholarly paper ,which repor

3、ts empirical or theoretical work within an academic field ,is usually published in academic journals and contains original research results or reviews existing studies.Course PaperA course paper is usually written by undergraduate or postgraduate studentsA course paper mainly refers to the paper wri

4、tten either during a specific course , or at the end of asemester.Thesis/DissertationA thesis/dissertation is usually a paper submitted in support of a candidate for a degree or academic qualification, presenting the writers research and finding.The thesis/dissertation should be independently comple

5、ted ,under the supervisors guidance , reflecting the candidates own research work.Step One: Searching for Good and Original IdeasStep Two: Finding the TopicStep Three: Researching the TopicStep Four: Considering Readers and PurposesStep Five: BrainstormingStep Six: DraftingStep Seven: Editing and Re

6、finingThe word “ style ” may also refer to the style guide in writing that is recommend by associations or publications . Social sciences journal tend to follow the APA style （American Psychological Association）The Chicago Manual of Style is used in some social sciences publications and most histori

7、cal journalsMLA（Modern Language Association of America） an academic style guide widely used in the US , Canada ，and other countries , provides guidelines for writing and documentation of research in humanities .More Formal ExpressionsMore Objective ExpressionsDont use the first- and second-person pr

8、onouns (“I” “you”) , take more “we” instead .Passive voice gives the paper a sense of impartiality andobjectivity ,Nominal structures(名詞性結(jié)構(gòu))More Academic ExpressionsAcademic English has its own vocabulary and grammatical patterns .To write more effective academic papers , it is very important to hav

9、e an overview of their linguistic features .Although different language and culture have different “rules”for organizing ideas in writing , it is necessary to follow the general structure in order to meet the requirements in writing.General Functions(1)Summarizing the Main Text(2)Attracting the Read

10、er(3)Facilitating the Retrieval(檢索)(1)Using a Phrase Instead of a Sentence(2)Using More Nouns , Noun Phrases , and GerundsLinguistic FeaturesWriting Requirements(1)Be Brief and Concise(2)Be Specific(3)Avoid Questions(4)Be Unified(5)Be StandardGeneral Functions(1)Bearing Authors Responsibility(2)Facilitating Retrieval and Correspondence(3)Heightening Academic Level Linguistic FeaturesWriting Requirements(1)Format(2)Number of Authors(3)Authors Title Omitted(4)AddressGeneral Functions(1)Easiness of Highlighting(2)Easiness of RetrievalLinguistic Features(1)M