高中譯林牛津英語模塊二Unit1grammar

1、通常使用通常使用現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的幾種情況：的幾種情況：1 表示發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作。表示發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作。 I have read the book.2 表示過去發(fā)生一次或多次的動作。表示過去發(fā)生一次或多次的動作。 We all have played football.3 表示過去開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，只表示過去開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，只能用于某些帶有延續(xù)意義的動詞，常與能用于某些帶有延續(xù)意義的動詞，常與for, since, so far 等連用。等連用。 He has taught here since ten years ago.Complete t

2、he following sentences with the proper tense. 1 We _ (study) English for about five years. 2 They _ (live) in the south since their daughter was born. 3 I _ (read) your article three times. Its well written.have studiedhave livedhave read 4 The student _ (finish) her homework already. 5 Eric _ (go)

3、back to his hometown today. 6 The police_ ( finish) searching the area.has finishedhas gonehave finished現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別： 一般過去時表示發(fā)生在過去的一般過去時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作，和現(xiàn)在無關；現(xiàn)在完成動作，和現(xiàn)在無關；現(xiàn)在完成時則強調某一發(fā)生在過去的動時則強調某一發(fā)生在過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的關系，如對現(xiàn)在產作與現(xiàn)在的關系，如對現(xiàn)在產生的結果或影響等。生的結果或影響等。完成下列句子：完成下列句子： I _(see) this film yesterday.

4、 （強（強調看的動作發(fā)生過了）調看的動作發(fā)生過了） I _ (see) this film. （強調（強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了）對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了） He _ (be) in the League for three years. （在團內的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）（在團內的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)） He _ (join) the League three years ago. （強調加入的動作發(fā)生在過（強調加入的動作發(fā)生在過去）去）sawhave seenhas been joined一般過去時還是現(xiàn)在完成時？ 1 They _ (move) to the south in 1990

5、and _ (live) there since then. 2 Eric _ (leave) home last year and _ (just come) back. 3 Justin _ (be) away from home for several days. He _(disappear) last Friday.movedhave livedlefthas just comehas beendisappeared 4 They _(buy) this house three years ago and they _ (live) here since then. 5 My bro

6、ther _ (go) to see my grandpa last week. He _ (visit) him three times this month.boughthave livedwenthas visited現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時常用的時現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時常用的時間狀語：間狀語： 一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語：一般過去時的時間狀語： yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in Oc

7、tober, just now, in the past等，皆為具體的時間狀語。等，皆為具體的時間狀語。 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語： for, since, already, yet, so far, up to now, ever, never, recently, lately, just, in the past years,等，皆不確定的等，皆不確定的時間狀語。時間狀語。延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性動詞：延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性動詞： 延續(xù)性動詞常與延續(xù)性動詞常與for, how long, since 等引導的表示一段時間的狀等引導的表示一段時間的狀語或狀語從句連用。一些非延續(xù)性語或狀

8、語從句連用。一些非延續(xù)性動詞如動詞如come, go, leave, die, join, marry 等如用于現(xiàn)在完成時，一般等如用于現(xiàn)在完成時，一般不可以與表示一段時間的時間狀語不可以與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，此時應改為意義相近的延續(xù)連用，此時應改為意義相近的延續(xù)性動詞來表達。性動詞來表達。 He has died. He has been died for one year. He has been dead for one year.注意：注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀

9、態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的是可以持續(xù)的。判斷正誤：判斷正誤：（ ）Ive got his letter for a month.（ ）I got this letter a month ago.（ ）I havent received his letter for almost a month.FTT比較比較since和和for：Since Since 用來說明動作起始時間，用來說明動作起始時間，forfor用來說用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度明動作延續(xù)時間長度I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was

10、born. 注意：并非有注意：并非有forfor 時間狀語的句子都用時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時。比較：比較：I _ (work) here for more than twenty years. （我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作作）I _ (work) here for many years.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作）workedhave worked 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的用于現(xiàn)在完成時的特殊句型特殊句型 1）It is the first / second time. that結構中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在結構中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。完成時。例如例如：It is

11、the first time that I _ (visit) the city. This is the first time that I _ (hear ) him sing.注意：注意：It was the third time that the boy _ (be) late. have visitedhave heard had been 2）This is +形容詞最高級形容詞最高級+that結構，結構，that 從句要用現(xiàn)從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。在完成時。例如例如： This is the best film that I _ ever _ (see). haveseen 典型例題

12、典型例題（1） -Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming （2） -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have comeBD現(xiàn)在完成時在時間或現(xiàn)在完成時在時間或條件狀語條件狀語從句從句中的用法：中的用法： 現(xiàn)

13、在完成時在時間或條件狀語從句中現(xiàn)在完成時在時間或條件狀語從句中可以表示強調?？梢员硎緩娬{。 1. Ill give you the book as soon as I _ (finish) it. 2. If you _ ( see) the film, you will like the director. have finished have seenRead the diary entry on Page 8 and complete it using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. (2) saw (3) has visited

14、(4) loves (5) hasnt visited (6) has swum (7) has never met (8) has dived (9) has found (10) hasnt found (11) Has, been 現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時(Present (Present perfect continuous tense):perfect continuous tense):The first usage:The first usage:現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示強調強調某一動某一動作在過去開始發(fā)生，已經作在過去開始發(fā)生，已經持續(xù)持續(xù)到到現(xiàn)在，并且現(xiàn)在，并

15、且還將持續(xù)還將持續(xù)；（持續(xù)性）（持續(xù)性） 1. I have been learning English for three years. 2. He is very tired, because he has been cleaning the room.2.2.或動作剛剛停止，但與現(xiàn)在有關?；騽幼鲃倓偼Ｖ?，但與現(xiàn)在有關。He is very tired, because he has been cleaning the room.Kelly: Sorry, Im late. Have you been waiting long?Mavis: Yes. Ive been waiting fo

16、r an hour.Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.1. I havent been sleeping well since I returned home.2. So weve been looking at other possibilities too, such as murder.3. I have been swimming in the pool for long, so Im exhausted now. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構成：現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構成：have/ has been + doing 現(xiàn)在

17、完成時現(xiàn)在完成時和和現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別： 比較以下句子：比較以下句子： 一一. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示事件或動作剛結現(xiàn)在完成時表示事件或動作剛結束，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則強調動作一束，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則強調動作一直在做而且仍在繼續(xù)。直在做而且仍在繼續(xù)。 1. I have read the book written by you. 2. I have been reading the book written by you this month. 二二 . 現(xiàn)在完成時可以用表示現(xiàn)在完成時可以用表示狀狀態(tài)態(tài)的動詞的動詞(state verb)或表示動或表示動作的動詞作的動詞(acti

18、on verb)做謂語，做謂語，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則只能用表而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則只能用表示示動作動作的動詞的動詞(action verb)做做謂語。謂語。 I have had his book for two months. I have already taken the photos of UFOs. I have been taking photos of UFOs these days.(state verb)(action verb)(action verb)動作動詞動作動詞(action verb)與狀態(tài)動詞與狀態(tài)動詞(state verb) An action means some

19、thing happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are have, keep, know, be, stay.完成下列句子： 狀態(tài)動詞狀態(tài)動詞只用于完成時態(tài)；而只用于完成時態(tài)；而動作動動作動詞詞可用于完成時態(tài)與完成進行時態(tài)?？捎糜谕瓿蓵r態(tài)與完成進行時態(tài)。 1 I _ (have ) this camera for five years. 2

20、I _ ( take ) photos of UFOs with this camera.have had have takenhave been taking 三三. twice等表示次數(shù)的詞只與完成等表示次數(shù)的詞只與完成時連用；而時連用；而 for 則可以與完成進行則可以與完成進行時連用。時連用。 1 I_ (visit) Egypt twice this month. 2 I_ (tour) Egypt for two months. have visitedhave been touringHow many times / How long How many times只與只與完成時完

21、成時連用；連用；而而 How long則可以與則可以與完成進行時完成進行時連連用。用。 1 _ have you swum in the lake? 2 _ have you been swimming in the lake?How many timesHow long 四四. always, never, yet, already and ever 不能用于完成進行時態(tài)中。不能用于完成進行時態(tài)中。 1. I _ (never visit ) Paris. 2. I _ (already be) to Paris.have never visitedhave already been 完成下

22、列句子：完成下列句子： An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want

23、, rain, etc. 1 How long _ you _ (learn )English? 2 It _ (snow) for a long time.havelearntbeen learninghas snowedhas been snowing再比較下面的句子：再比較下面的句子：Part A on Page 11: A (1)heard (2) been doing (3) been researching (4) been doing (5) started (6) done (7) read (8) found (9) started (10) been doing (11)

24、been making Part B on Page 11: Sample answers 1 He has been waiting at an underground station. 2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer. 3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants. 4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter an

25、d some other planets. 1. _ that dress when I first saw you at the station? A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. do you wear2. Kate doesnt look very well. Whats wrong with her? She has a headache because she _ too long; she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is

26、reading D. was reading 3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We _ our essays .” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written 4. My uncle, Sam,_ manager of the firm. A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made5. This is the first time that the studen

27、ts _ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone6. She _ her mothers work since she was admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done7. Now that you _ , what are you going to do? A. are being returned B. have been returning C

28、. have been returned D. have returned8. I _ the incident as if it were yesterday. A. am still to remember B. have still been remembering C. am being still remembered D. still remember9. Where_ the map? I cant see anywhere. I _ it right here just now. A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C.

29、had you put; was putting D. were you putting; have put10. John told Mary that he _ what he was doing during the vacation. A. was just asked B. was just asking C. had just been asked D. had just asked11. I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I _ there ev

30、er since. A. was B. had been C. will be D. have been12. We _ fine weather for the past few days. A. have B. are having C. have been had D. have been having 13. It _ every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rains C. has rained D. has been rained 14. By the end of last year they _ 1,000 machines. A. turned out B. had turned out C. would turn out D. had been turned out15. Dont put the waste on the ground. Oh, Im very sorry. I _ the dustbin t