新概念1語法講解

1、一.名詞。1.定義：表示人、事物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念名稱的詞叫名詞(Noun) 2分專有名 Mary, Hejin, the Great Wall個(gè)體名 book, pen, student, teacher可集體名 family, police, army, group物質(zhì)名 water, bread, wine, meat普通名 不可數(shù) 扌由象名詞 happ in ess, success, sad ness3.名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)是指名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示一個(gè)人或事物用單數(shù)形式( Sin gular noun)；表示一個(gè)以上的人或事物用復(fù)數(shù)形式(Plural noun )。個(gè)體名詞和集體

2、 名詞一般屬于可數(shù)名詞(Countable noun )；物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般屬于不可數(shù)名詞（Uncountablenoun)。1) .單數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式在單詞前加 a或an。在以元音音素開頭的單詞前加 an；在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前加a。例如:臺(tái)電腦 a desk一張書桌 aa dictionary本詞典a computerun iversity所大學(xué)an egg一個(gè)雞蛋 anan idea 一個(gè)想法 an hour 一小時(shí)orange一個(gè)橘子2）.復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式通常在名詞后加-s或一es構(gòu)成，也有不規(guī)則變化情況 下面介紹名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的7種情況。1）單數(shù)名詞加s:stud

3、ents, apples, bags, trecsT books, brothers.2）以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的名詞加es:glasses, boxes, brushes, matches*3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加es:cities, babies, enemies.4）以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，多數(shù)變f為v加es:wives, kni ves.5）以o結(jié)尾的名詞，有些加es:Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.（記憶口訣： 黑人英雄愛吃西紅柿土豆） 其它加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos.6）不規(guī)貝 U名詞：f

4、oot feet, goose geese, tooth teeth, child childre n, marr men,womawome n, sheep sheep, deer deer, mouse mice.7）單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同fish fish 魚 sheep sheep 纟帛羊deerdeer 鹿Chinese Chinese中國人日本人巧記口訣：中國人和日本人很愛護(hù)綿羊、鹿 和魚。）Case名詞的格（4.所有格表示人或事物的所有和領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系，在句子中作定語。名詞所有格有-s所有格和of所有格所有格的構(gòu)成1 ）'s表示人或有生命的東西的名詞，單數(shù)名詞在其后面加上-s ；復(fù)數(shù)

5、名詞在其 后面只加-'（若不是以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞仍加-s），且讀音與名詞復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s 的讀音相同。例如：Today is Childre n's Day.今天是兒童節(jié)。This is Mr Yi n's office.這是殷先生的辦公室。Those are stude nts'books.那些是學(xué)生用書。那不是我父母的房間。That isn't my parentsroom.所有格of 2)表示無生命的東西的名詞所有格，一般用“ of +名詞”，表示所屬關(guān)系。例如:山東的省會(huì) the capital of Sha ndong我們教室的窗戶the wi

6、ndows of our classroom那位名作家的名字the n ame of the famous writer名詞所有格用法口訣英語名詞所有格，表示物品所有權(quán)。 這種情況最常見。 名詞后加s, 兩者共有添最后，各有各添記心間。'來添。后面只把S,復(fù)數(shù)名詞有of用。 名詞若為無生命，我們常把A，體現(xiàn)英漢序不同A of B是B的代詞變化：人稱一第第二人稱第三人稱單 數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)人 稱 代 詞 規(guī) 則 規(guī) 則格主1 一般情況e.g. shell shells book booksI +s weyouyouhesheitthey賓格以 s, x, ch

7、, sh2 e.g.fox foxes church churches ,bus buses, watch watchesmeus結(jié)尾you+esyouhimheritthem物 主 代 詞 規(guī) 則形容詞性3以0my結(jié)尾+sour 或+esyouryourhisheritstheir名詞性e.g. potato potatoes ,NegroNegroes,mi nes, radi oroursyours adiosyours hiishersitstheirshero heroes, tomato tomatoes ，(口訣： 黑人英雄 愛吃十豆 和西紅 柿)，剩下 一般加主格通常做主語。賓

8、格通常做動(dòng)詞或介.人稱代詞又分為主格和賓格形式：人稱代 詞I.詞的賓語.Eg: rm a nurse. Could you help me ?II.物主代詞又分為形容詞性的物主代詞和名詞性的物主代詞.形容詞性的物主代詞：相當(dāng)于形容詞，后面要跟名詞，指定名詞的所屬對(duì)象.名詞性的物主代詞：相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，必須單獨(dú)使用，后面不能再跟名詞.Eg: a. Your school is small, mine is big.(=my book) b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(二your pen)三.時(shí)態(tài)：一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生

9、的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語：always, usually, ofte n, sometimes, every week (day, year,mon th )，once a week, on Sun days 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加 don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 does n't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單 數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。My father is a doctor.Tom isn'

10、t at home.Are they policeme n?I ofte n get up at 7 o'clock every morning.He does n't like apples.Do you always read before going to bed?What do you usually do on Sun days?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句中，如果主語是第三人稱時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要變第三人稱單數(shù)，變化規(guī)則 如下：1) 一般情況下，動(dòng)詞后面直接加-s.例如：works gets says reads2) 以s，x ，ch，sh或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在后面加-es 。例如：goes t

11、eaches washes3) 以輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變?yōu)閕再加-es.例如：studies tries carries特殊情況：動(dòng)詞have的第三人稱單數(shù)是has例如： He has an interesting book.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack stude nts?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not stude nts.肯定

12、回答及否定回答.Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bon es.變疑問句在句首加does,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵蚠Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bon es?變否定句在主語及動(dòng)詞之間加 does n't,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虷e does n&#

13、39;t like books.She does n't like him.The dog does n't like bon es.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. No, he does n't.Yes, she does. No, she does n'tYes, it does. No, it does n't.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S,不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The stude nt

14、s like smart teachers.變疑問句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the stude nts like smart teachers?變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加don't.You don't want to have a bath.We don't have any meat.The stude nts don't like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I don't.Yes, we do. No, we d

15、on'tYes, they do. No, they don't.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 概念：表示此時(shí)此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。時(shí)間狀語：now, at this time, these days,am/is/are+do ing基本結(jié)構(gòu)：否定形式：am/is/are+no t+do ing.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。They are play ing basketball on the playgro und.I am not read ing anything.Is he wait ing for the bus?What are you doing now?動(dòng)詞

16、ing形式的變化規(guī)則：1 一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞后加ingwork - worki ng sleepsleep ing studystudy ing2動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的一e結(jié)尾，要去一e加一ingtake tak ing make mak ing dance dancing3重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫詞尾字母，再加一ingcut cutt ing put putt ing beg inbeg inning4以一ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把變成y再加一inglielying tietying diedying表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：主語+ be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分（現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄） We

17、are hav ing lun ch.He is readi ng a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swim ming across the river.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Are we hav ing lun ch?Is he readi ng a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimmi ng across the river?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notWe are not hav ing lun ch.He is not read ing

18、a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swim ming across the river.特殊疑問句： what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑冋詞+動(dòng)詞+王語+現(xiàn)在分詞What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作1. 表示感覺，感官的詞see, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has當(dāng)”擁有”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)一

19、般過去時(shí)3.概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)； 過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。 ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, ni ght,時(shí)間狀語：once ago, long long of 5, the other day, at mon th )，in 1989, just now, the ageupon a time, .動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加did n't提問，同時(shí)還原行did do 的過去式一般疑問句：was或were

20、放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞 為動(dòng)詞。y mother's last week .I was at mOnce upon a time, there was a beautiful girl whosen ame was Snow White.Lucy went to America five mon ths ago.I did n't go to the cin ema last ni ght.Did Lily dance at the party?What did you do yesterday?動(dòng)詞的過去式變化： am/iswas are-were be 動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：1. 直

21、接在詞尾力卩-ed。女口 ： want wan ted, work worked, n eed n eeded, clea n clea ned2. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的在詞尾加-d。如：like liked, live lived, use used,move moved3. 以一個(gè)元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，先雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再力卩-ed。如：stop stopped, trip tripped4. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先把y變成i，再加-ed。女口： study studied,carry carried, hurry hurried, marry married

22、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：Have-had eat-ate drin k-dra nk go-we nt come-came see-sawhear-heardput-put cut-cut 等等表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday,lastni ght, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is的過去式為was, are的過去式為wereI was at the butcher's.You were a stude nt a year ago.The teacher was v

23、ery beautiful ten years ago.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首Were you at the butcher's?Were you a stude nt a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?not動(dòng)詞后面加be*變否定句在.I was not at the butcher's.You were not a stude nt a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was.

24、No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑問句：What did you do?（必背）不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，動(dòng)詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄I fini shed my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaura nt.The Sawyers lived at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.變疑問句在句首加did，動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳id you finish

25、your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaura nt?Did the Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago?King Streeta year ago?變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加 did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaura nt.The Sawyers did no t live at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.肯定回答及否定

26、回答Yes, I did. No, I did n't.Yes, he did. No, he did n't.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語： alreaday, just,yet, since ,for ,.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done否定形式： have/has + not +do ne.一般疑問句：have或has。He has lost his wallet.I have already had my lu

27、n ch.David has n't fini shed his homework yet.Have you see n this film?Mary has bee n a tran slator for 20 years.They have lived here since 1987.How long have you lived here?動(dòng)詞過去分詞變化規(guī)則：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞變化規(guī)則與過去式變化規(guī)則相同，包括4條。1. 直接在詞尾力卩-ed。女口 ： want wan ted, work worked, n eed n eeded, clea n clea ned2

28、. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的在詞尾加-d。如：like liked, live lived, use used,move moved3. 以一個(gè)元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，先雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再力卩-ed。如：stop stopped, trip tripped4. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先把y變成i，再加-ed。女口： study studied,carry carried, hurry hurried, marry married不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：需要特殊記憶。Be 動(dòng)詞-bee n have-had go-g one come-come eat-eate n drin k-dr

29、 unk構(gòu)成：主語+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過去分詞用法：1）表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually,already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用I have just had lunch.（ 飽了，不用再吃了）He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book.（已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）2）詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Have you fini shed your homew

30、ork?Have you bee n to Beiji ng?Have he see n the film?3）表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作I have lived in Beiji ng for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過地方，做過事情，經(jīng)歷過事情I have n ever had a bath.I have n ever see n a film.I have n ever bee n to cin ema.I have ever bee n to Paris.Have be

31、en to 表示去過，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.( 人已經(jīng)回來)He has gone to London.(人還在那里)5) 表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broke n my heart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加n ot.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答.Yes, I hav

32、e. No, I have not.特殊疑問句：What have you done?What has he done?一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用錯(cuò)：I've left Beijing for 3 days.對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.5. 一般將來時(shí)概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, n ext d

33、ay(week, mon th, year ),so on, in a few minu tes, theday after tomorrow, 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/are going to + do ； ® will + do.否定形式： am/is/are not going to + do ; ® will not + do一般疑問句：be放于句首；will提到句首。My family are going to Beijing next week.It is going to rain.He will be 11 years old n ext year.We w

34、ill leave in two hours.tomorrow,the year after the n ext, i n five hours' time, etc.表示將來的詞聯(lián)用結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morni ng.變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will th

35、e pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japa n the month after the n ext.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes,

36、he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑問句：What will you do?過去完成時(shí)：6.概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之 前完成 的行為，即“過去的過去”。時(shí)間狀語：before, after.had + done. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + not + done.否定形式：had放于句首。一般疑問句：The bus had already left before I arrived at the statio n.He went to the park aft

37、er he had finished his work.用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)。過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)： had+After she had fini shed her homework, she went shopp ing.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the statio n.如果放在主句后則引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，After/before不用加。變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首Had she fin

38、i shed her homework?not變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加She hadn't fin ished her homework.肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, she had. No, she had n't.特殊疑問句： What had she done?過去進(jìn)行時(shí)7.概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般 when時(shí)間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以 過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。was/were+doi ng基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were + not + doing.否定形式：were放

39、于句首。一般疑問句： 把 was或 I was listening to the radio at 7 this morning.He was clea ning the car whe n I arrived. What was he doing at this time yesterday?表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,經(jīng)常用在when, while, as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doingWhe n my husba nd was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped somecoins on the floo

40、r.While we were hav ing dinner, my father was watch ing TV.8.過去將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：would doShe said she would go here the n ext morning.一. 特殊句型：there be 句型，be going to結(jié)構(gòu)1. Be goi ng to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be動(dòng)詞+goi ng to + 動(dòng)詞原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give th

41、e bookcase to his daughter.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否

42、定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑問句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?（必背）2. There be 句型表示哪里有什么東西（某處有某物）+單數(shù)名詞+表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the table+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介

43、詞詞組）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.一.

44、問句：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問 句.一般疑問句：助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+般疑問句What is your n ame?選擇疑問句：orDo you want beef or lamb?反意疑問句：肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分You don't n eed that pen, do you?否定疑問句：一般疑問句+否定詞Aren't you lucky? Don't you wan

45、t have a rest?二. 冠詞用法：a/an/the的一般用法詳細(xì)見筆記三. 限定詞：some, any, many, much修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句，注意， 當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用 some .修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語中表示很多一般不用many, much,而用a lot of,在否定句中表示很多用 many, much.I have a lot of mon ey. I don't have much mon ey.四. 名詞：種類，復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格1. 名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞.不可數(shù)名詞無法

46、分開的東西： water, tea, bread, milk, rice（米）抽象的東西：love, beauty, cold ness（寒冷）不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：.不能用a, an修飾.不能加s .和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配可數(shù)名詞：s,名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加 下幾種ves為f, fe 結(jié)尾的，變f, fe 以4規(guī)則.e.g. lifef lives half halves, shelf shelves,city cities, wife wives規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ese.g. sky skies fly flies不規(guī)則變化的

47、名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù) man woma n foot goose toothteeth wome ngeese feet復(fù)數(shù)menfishsheep 單數(shù) mousedeerchildchildre n復(fù)數(shù) sheep deer mice fish五. 介詞（注意總結(jié)書上詞組）六副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化.副詞可以修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如：The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certai nly I will go with you.變化：1 直接在形容詞后加-ly,careful-careful

48、ly, slow-slowly,2. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I,加-ly,happy-happily, lucky-luckily3. 有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化fast, hard, late4. 有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)：n eary-n early, high-highly, late-lately,一.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用： can, must, may, might, n eed,1 .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can （能夠），must （必須），may （可以）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型He can make the tea.Sally c

49、an air the room.We can speak En glish.變疑問句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak En glish?變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak En glish.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. No, he cannot.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot.特殊

50、疑問句：What can you do?（必背）注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加S。2. Must/have to 的區(qū)別must表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼 迫的必要要做must只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而 have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3. must, may, might 表示猜測(cè)：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)There is表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)表示對(duì)過去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)Th prp arp表示沒有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，.might的可能性更小。. 表示不可能，4. need 用法：表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意

51、動(dòng)詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式:I n eed a pen. Do you n eed any beer? No, I don't.I n eed to have a rest.，表示被動(dòng).The flowers n eed wateri ng.在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用.You n eed n't go so early. =You don't n eed to go so early.Must I clea n the desk right now? No, you n eed n't.一. 不定代詞及不定副詞：Ieveryno Some anyloeve

52、ryth ingno thi ngsomethi ngan ythi ngthi ng kedevery oneanyoneanythingone some one foreverywherea ny wherewhere somewherea ny where my booeverybodyan ybody n obody body somebodykeverywhere, but I can't find it any where .If you want go somewhere, if you want to be some one, you must wake up.Help

53、! Somebody? An ybody?You are really someth ing.is here, let's begi n our class.S ince everybodyWhere did you go? I went no where.Nobody is at home.I have nothing left.二. 感嘆句：名詞+主語+謂語What a beautiful girl she is! 形容詞+主語+謂語How beautiful the girl is!三. 祈使句: 第二人稱： 其他人稱代詞祈使句的否定，加don't4511D many反意

54、疑問祈使句（第二人稱）祈使句表示請(qǐng)求，命令，建議，邀請(qǐng)等，謂語動(dòng)詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用 主語，句末用驚嘆好或者句號(hào)，用降調(diào)?？隙ň鋭?dòng)詞原型例, Come here, please. Go dow nstairs, please. Stand up. Sit dow n. Bequiet.Be careful.祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號(hào)隔開，放在句首或者句尾Come in, Amy.Sit dow n here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.否定：Do n't+動(dòng)詞原型Don't come here.Don't sit do

55、w n.Don't sta nd up.Don't give me it.let sb. doLet me pass.Let us have a rest.Let's have a rest.（反意疑問）：Let's have a walk along the river, shall we?Let us go out for a drink, will you?四. 倒裝句：so/neither 的倒裝 eg.He can swim. So can I.I did n't go to class. Neither did I.結(jié)構(gòu)：so/n either+be+ 主語so/neit