高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法解析-名詞性從句

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法解析-名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。 一 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：that, whether, who, whom, what, whatever, whose1.常規(guī)主語(yǔ)從句，既復(fù)合句在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)句子就是主語(yǔ)從句(1)That he

2、 finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.(3)Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.(5)What caused the accident remains is unknown.(6)What we

3、 need is time.(7)Whose watch was lost is unknown.(8)Whatever you did is right.注：連詞位于句首不能省略2. It 作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較（為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語(yǔ)it放在主語(yǔ)位置，真正主語(yǔ)擱置于句末）It 作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see t

4、he film. 你不去看那場(chǎng)電影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我對(duì)你成功與否不感興趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗戶。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）3. 用it 作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) It is 名詞 從句 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It is common

5、knowledge that 是常識(shí)(2) It is 形容詞 從句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物動(dòng)詞 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 過(guò)去分詞 從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It has been proved that 已證實(shí) It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō)3. 主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況：（1）if 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。（2）It is said /rep

6、orted結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That he failed in the examination occurr

7、ed to him.（4）It doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（5）含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what 與that 在引導(dǎo)

8、主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)，而that 則不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation 二賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞) 或介詞之后。(1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that he joined the army. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他參軍了。注： that在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下

9、，that不能省略:that從句位于句首時(shí)，that不可省略:That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. 我簡(jiǎn)直不相信他曾說(shuō)過(guò)這樣的話。that賓語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ)部分位于從句前部時(shí)。I promised that if anyone could set me free,I would make him king over the earth.我曾許諾如果有人把我放了，我就讓他成為全世界的國(guó)王。當(dāng)主句的狀語(yǔ)部分位于that賓語(yǔ)從句前時(shí)。Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only wen

10、t to school a little now and a little then.亞伯拉罕林肯自己后來(lái)說(shuō)他只不過(guò)是時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)地接受教育。that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不能省略:I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.對(duì)他我一無(wú)所知，只知道他是南方人。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。When he got to England,he found,however,that his English was too limited.然而當(dāng)他到英國(guó)時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的英語(yǔ)很有限。當(dāng)一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的

11、that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。(只有第一個(gè)可省略）Then he said （that） French was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.他說(shuō)，法語(yǔ)是世界上最美的語(yǔ)言，我們必須堅(jiān)持說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，永遠(yuǎn)也不要忘記它。賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.我決不能告訴任何人我看不到那布。賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是this/that，或用this/that修飾

12、主語(yǔ)時(shí)。He said that that was a good idea.他說(shuō)那是個(gè)好主意。在直接引語(yǔ)中，主句和賓語(yǔ)從句被隔開(kāi)時(shí)。“I'm sorry to tell you,”he said,“that you didn't watch carefully enough what I did.”我很遺憾的告訴大家，你們沒(méi)有仔細(xì)觀察我所做的一切。賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl.那位老太太解釋

13、說(shuō)她在為一個(gè)女孩找一雙手套。(2)從屬連詞if/whether。連詞whether可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句，不可省。if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句是肯定句時(shí)，whether,if可互換；但whether常和or not連用，if一般不與or not連用,賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí)，一般用if引導(dǎo)。如:I don't know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否應(yīng)告訴你。I wonder whether it is true or not.不知這是不是真的。I don't care if it doesn't rain.天下不下雨我不會(huì)在乎

14、。用if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句如果會(huì)引起歧義，應(yīng)避免使用if而用wheter。試比較：Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if從句可理解為賓語(yǔ)從句，意為“請(qǐng)告訴我你是否想去”；此句又可理解為條件狀語(yǔ)從句意為“如果你想去的話，請(qǐng)告訴我一聲”。作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whether,不能用if。(介詞?？墒÷裕┤纾篍verything depends （on） whether we have enough experience.一切都取決于我們是否有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(3)連接代詞who, who

15、m, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如:Who or what he was, Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？馬丁根本不知道。I wonder what hes writing to me about. 我不知道他要給我寫(xiě)信說(shuō)什么事。Ill tell you why I asked you to come. 我會(huì)告訴你我為什么要你來(lái)。You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。有關(guān)賓語(yǔ)從句的其它一些要點(diǎn).賓語(yǔ)

16、從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序。如：Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道為什么冬季比夏季冷嗎?.如賓語(yǔ)從句有自己的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把賓語(yǔ)從句后置。其句型為：“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句”。如： We think it important that we should master at least one foreign language.我們認(rèn)為掌握至少一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是重要的。注意：(1)連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，只用在except,but和in等少數(shù)幾個(gè)介詞后。其它一些介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句如由連詞tha

17、t引導(dǎo)，則需用it先行一步，作形式賓語(yǔ)。如： He is a good student except that he is careless.他是個(gè)好學(xué)生，只不過(guò)有點(diǎn)粗心。See to it that children don't catch cold.當(dāng)心孩子別感冒了。 (2)that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用，但不可省去。His idea is that we should go there at once.他主張我們立即去那兒。.賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess,

18、imagine等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意思，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。如：I dont think you are right. 我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。I dont believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。I dont suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是嗎？.某些形容詞或過(guò)去分詞后常接賓語(yǔ)從句，這類形容詞或過(guò)去分詞有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，連詞t

19、hat可省略。That 引導(dǎo)的從句還常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)：Anxious, aware, confident, convinced, determined, proud, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如：I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能確定我該做什么。Im afraid you dont understand what I said.恐怕你沒(méi)

20、領(lǐng)會(huì)我說(shuō)的意思。Im surprised that I didnt see all that before.我好奇怪，我以前沒(méi)看到過(guò)。Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.媽媽為她的女兒通過(guò)了考試而感到高興。.有關(guān)that的忌諱：后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動(dòng)詞這類動(dòng)詞有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不

21、可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：I admire their winning the match. (right)I admire that they won the match. (wrong)不可用that從句作直接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見(jiàn)的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)He impressed t

22、he manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句.賓語(yǔ)從句也可用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。有時(shí)介詞可以省略。如：He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他對(duì)那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要說(shuō)什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do

23、it.你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。I dont care (for) who marries him. 我不管誰(shuí)跟他結(jié)婚。Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做這件事的方式。.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)：連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，只用在except, but, in,besides后。其他一些介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句如果由連詞that引導(dǎo)，則需用it先行一步，作形式賓語(yǔ)。如：He is a good student except that he is careless.（that一般不?。┧且粋€(gè)好學(xué)生，只是有點(diǎn)粗心。You may rely

24、 on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我會(huì)幫助你的。介詞賓語(yǔ)不可以用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而要用what來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如：Are you sorry for what youve done?你為你所做的一切感到內(nèi)疚嗎？介詞賓語(yǔ)只能用whether,不能用if。(介詞常可省略）Everything depends （on） whether we have enough experience.一切都取決于我們是否有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。補(bǔ)充:"if"、"whether"在名詞性從句中的使用介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，不定式作賓語(yǔ)，都可用whether引導(dǎo)。w

25、hether也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)卻不能換成if。引導(dǎo)條件從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不能用 whether。 不用if，用whether的情況：在標(biāo)語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中。例如： The question is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.在主語(yǔ)從句中，只有用it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，whether和if都能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，否則，也只能用 whether。例如： whether we shall attend the

26、meeting hasn,t been decided yet. It hasn,t been decided whether(if) we shall attend the meeting .后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式。例如： He doesn，t know whether to stay or not . 還有關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether 或if，不能用 that的情況如下： 若doubt一詞作“懷疑”解接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為肯定句用wether或if，主句為否定句或疑問(wèn)句用that。例如： I doubt whether he will come soon. I do not doubt that

27、 he will come soon. Do you doubt that he will come soon？ 注意：下面這個(gè)例句中doubt的含義為“認(rèn)為 .不必可能”。I doubt that he will come.（我認(rèn)為他不可能來(lái)）注：whatever可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，同時(shí)起先行詞和關(guān)系代詞的作用。相當(dāng)于anything that或all that，有任何一切這類意思。此時(shí)不能用no matter what替換。.三、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞有：be, kee

28、p, remain, stay, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, become, grow, turn, get, go,等。構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ 連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句（一個(gè)句子作表語(yǔ)）表語(yǔ)從句定義：在一個(gè)復(fù)合句中，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)句子，那么這個(gè)句子就叫做表語(yǔ)從句。連接表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：連詞： that（不作成分，沒(méi)有詞義；不能省略）whether （不作成分）連接代詞：what, who, , which, whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等關(guān)系副詞：when, where，why, howHe h

29、as become a teacher. 他已經(jīng)成為一名教師。 He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的。 His suggestion is good. 他的建議是好的。 His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建議是，我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。 注意事項(xiàng)A表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。 The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. 錯(cuò)The question is when he can arrive at t

30、he hotel. 對(duì)B不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語(yǔ)從句(as if 例外）。 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以互換if/whether， 位于介詞后要用whether，位于句首時(shí)要用whether.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),whether引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句前和后，而if從句只能放在主句后。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句， 同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要用whetherThe question is if the enemy is marching towards us. 錯(cuò)The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. 對(duì)It looked as if he ha

31、d understood this question. 對(duì)C不像賓語(yǔ)從句，在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。 The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. 對(duì)The question is why he cried yesterday. 對(duì)Dthat在表語(yǔ)從句中具有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：不作成分；不能省略；沒(méi)有意義。E表語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動(dòng)詞只能是連系動(dòng)詞。 例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.問(wèn)題是我們?cè)鯓幽芘轿覀冃枰臇|西

32、。The scissors are not what I need. 這把剪刀不是我所需要的。What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會(huì)給他找個(gè)好劇本。That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對(duì)你講的。(what在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)) That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)) F“That is why.”是常用句型， 意為“這就是的原因/因此”， 其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞

33、性從句在句中作表語(yǔ)， 該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)明過(guò)的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié)，如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 珍妮， 這就是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對(duì)老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異， 說(shuō)話人對(duì)她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來(lái)進(jìn)行概括)。G. “That is why.” “That is the reason why.” “That is because.”辨析： (1)“That is why.”與“That is the reason why.”同義， 從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講， “T

34、hat is the reason why.”中why引導(dǎo)的是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句， 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why.”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣， 例如： That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。 (2)“That is because.”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語(yǔ)， 這也是個(gè)常用句型， 意為“這就是為什么/因?yàn)椤??！癟hat is because.”與“That is why.”之間的不同在于：“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”則指由于各種原因所造成

35、的后果， 例如： He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒(méi)有去看電影， 那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(第一句話說(shuō)明結(jié)果， 第二句話說(shuō)明原因) He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過(guò)那部電影， 因此他昨天晚上沒(méi)有去看。(第一句話說(shuō)明原因， 第二句話說(shuō)明結(jié)果) H. 當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為reason,或者是由wh

36、y引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí),與它們相關(guān)的表語(yǔ)從句用that,而不能由because引導(dǎo); because 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能用于It/That/This is /was because_句型中. 1.The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.2. I was late. It/That/This was because I missed the train.I. 名詞（主語(yǔ)）+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)名詞常常是表示事實(shí)，真理的名詞，如：fact, truth 表示看法，觀點(diǎn)、問(wèn)題、麻煩的名詞，如：idea, opinion, belief, v

37、iew, news, advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem, 1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.必須記?。?. that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省.2. if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句.3.除that外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都有自己的意義。4. 除that, whether外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都須在從句中充當(dāng)相應(yīng)的成分 5. what在表語(yǔ)從句中譯成“ 東西；事

38、情; 內(nèi)容” 案例分析 考題1The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海) A. when B. why C. whether D. that 答案 D 解析 下劃線處之后是包含一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)從句， 如果看不出它是充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語(yǔ)從句將難以把握整個(gè)句子的意思。因此， 應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的that。 考題2 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this i

39、s _ I disagree. (2004) A. why B. where C. what D. how 答案 B 解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)系動(dòng)詞is后的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(“disagree”屬于不及物動(dòng)詞， “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu))， 下劃線應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞where， 表語(yǔ)從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”。 考題3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? (1999) A. why

40、 B. when C. what D. where 答案 A 解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動(dòng)詞is連用的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)， 下劃線應(yīng)填入表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導(dǎo)詞why。 _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海) A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 答案 A 解析 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，

41、 特指她所不理解的事情， 應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what； 第二個(gè)下劃線處表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的后果， 由why引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么”(指原因、 理由， 由because引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句)， 應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞why。 _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春) A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because 答案 B

42、解析 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)， 特指令校方驕傲的事情， 應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what； 第二個(gè)下劃線處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表示原因、 理由， 應(yīng)由that引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句。 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _. (2003北京春) A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 答案 A 解析 A選項(xiàng)的意思是“令

43、我感覺(jué)激動(dòng)的事物”； B選項(xiàng)的意思是“我覺(jué)得激動(dòng)的任何事物”； C選項(xiàng)的意思是“我對(duì)它感覺(jué)的方式”； D選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺(jué)激動(dòng)的時(shí)間”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語(yǔ)that對(duì)應(yīng)， 充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)從句。 表語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的句子叫表語(yǔ)從句。四. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。1. 同位語(yǔ)從句的功能 1.同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如： 1) The kings decision that the pri

44、soner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.whether eg：The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor3.連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, which 1).I have no idea what size shoes she we

45、ars 2).I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste. 3).The question who will take his place is still not clear.2. 同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置 同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），

46、而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2) 定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。）（同位語(yǔ)從句，t

47、hat在句中不作任何成分）高一英語(yǔ)名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1_he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C.