高二英語動(dòng)詞語法復(fù)習(xí)

1、GrammarI.I.基本形式和意義基本形式和意義動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的- -eded形式，即傳統(tǒng)語法所指的形式，即傳統(tǒng)語法所指的“過去過去分詞分詞”。它是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式。動(dòng)。它是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式。動(dòng)詞的詞的- -eded形式兼有動(dòng)詞、副詞和形容詞的特形式兼有動(dòng)詞、副詞和形容詞的特征，可以帶賓語或受狀語修飾。動(dòng)詞的征，可以帶賓語或受狀語修飾。動(dòng)詞的- -eded形式和賓語或狀語一起構(gòu)成形式和賓語或狀語一起構(gòu)成- -eded分詞短語分詞短語. .動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞- -eded形式的基本形式是形式的基本形式是“動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+-+-ed”ed”，但但也有不規(guī)則的形式。也有不規(guī)則的形式。II.II.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞- -

2、eded形式在句法功能形式在句法功能1. 作表語作表語1.1 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式形式表語時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于表語時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于adj.,說說明的是主語的狀態(tài)。明的是主語的狀態(tài)。All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.This article is well written.He appeared satisfied with my work.（1 1） 完全形容化了的完全形容化了的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式形式：可以被可以被veryvery等等副詞修飾，可以有比較級(jí)等級(jí)形式。常見的有副詞修飾，可以有比較級(jí)等級(jí)形式。常見的有常見常見的有：的有：bored,

3、disappointed, excited, frightened, interested, bored, disappointed, excited, frightened, interested, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried 等。等。（2）有的）有的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式形式可以被副詞可以被副詞well修飾，如：修飾，如：built, cooked, done, dressed, known, organ

4、ized, prepared, written等。等。（3）其它副詞也可以修飾）其它副詞也可以修飾動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式形式 ，如：，如：deeply moved, highly developed, heavily-populated等。等。1.21.2動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式形式作表語時(shí)，其后可以接介詞短作表語時(shí)，其后可以接介詞短語、不定式短語及語、不定式短語及that that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 He is very much disappointed at the result. The mother was pleased to hear from her son. Im sati

5、sfied that you didnt tell me a lie.1.3 “be+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式形式” 有可能是一個(gè)系表結(jié)有可能是一個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu)，也有可能是一個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。構(gòu)，也有可能是一個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。Why is the glass broken?By whom was the glass broken?(系表結(jié)構(gòu)）系表結(jié)構(gòu)）(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))It is covered with thick ice and deep snow.Your table should be covered by a white cloth.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)）系表結(jié)構(gòu)）(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))1.4 動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的-ed形

6、式與形式與-ing 形式作表語的區(qū)別形式作表語的區(qū)別Traveling is interesting but tiring旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。They were very excited at the news聽到這個(gè)消息，他們感到非常激動(dòng)。聽到這個(gè)消息，他們感到非常激動(dòng)。凡表示主語凡表示主語“令人令人的的”都用都用-ing 形式形式，凡是表，凡是表示主語示主語“感到感到”時(shí)都用時(shí)都用- -eded形式。形式。Multiple choice:1.As we joined the big crowd ,I got _ from my friends. A. S

7、eparate B. spared C. lost D. missed2. The business of on-line shopping so far has been _ for the sellers who are already offering their services. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. disappoint D. to be disappointed 3.-Shall we go swimming ? -OK. Ill just go and get _. A. changed B. to change C. to b

8、e changed D. changingBAA2 2. . 作定語作定語2.1. 2.1. 單個(gè)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式形式作定語作定語, , 通常位于名詞之前通常位于名詞之前a. 及物動(dòng)詞的及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞- -eded形式形式，具有被動(dòng)和完成的意義。，具有被動(dòng)和完成的意義。a broken cup a wounded soldieran unexpected visitor the excited crowd b. 不及物動(dòng)詞的不及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞- -eded形式形式，具有主動(dòng)和完成意義。，具有主動(dòng)和完成意義。a grown woman a retired officerthe ris

9、en sun fallen leavesc. 合成的合成的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞- -eded形式形式a much-needed reform widely-held opinions2.2.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式的短語形式的短語作定語：通常位于名詞之后作定語：通常位于名詞之后,其作用其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。相當(dāng)于定語從句。a letter written in pencilthe tree reflected in the lakethe machines produced last year= a letter which was written in pencil= the tree that was re

10、flected in the lake= the machines which were produced last year2.3 動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的-ed形式與形式與-ing形式作定語的區(qū)別形式作定語的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示所修飾的名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作形式表示所修飾的名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或主動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及表示事物的屬性、用途等；或主動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及表示事物的屬性、用途等；動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的-ed形式表示與形式表示與所修飾的名詞相關(guān)的所修飾的名詞相關(guān)的已完成已完成的動(dòng)作或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。的動(dòng)作或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 the changing worldthe changed worldboiling waterboil

11、ed water（a developing countrya developed countryTranslation work :另人恐怖的場(chǎng)景另人恐怖的場(chǎng)景受了驚嚇的馬受了驚嚇的馬令人失望的孩子令人失望的孩子感到失望的孩子感到失望的孩子a frightening sighta frightened horsea disappointing childa disappointed childComplete the following sentences:Do you know the man _(跟我們數(shù)學(xué)老師談話的）？I lost the pen _(我叔叔買的）。talking to

12、our maths teacherbought by my uncle 3.1. 3.1. 在感觀動(dòng)詞在感觀動(dòng)詞feel, hear feel, hear 和和see see 之后，如：之后，如：I heard my name called.He felt himself cheated.I saw his eyes fixed on me in curiosity.3. 3. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語3.2. 3.2. 在在表示表示“希望，愿望，命令希望，愿望，命令, ,忍受忍受”這一這一類動(dòng)詞后面做賓語補(bǔ)足語類動(dòng)詞后面做賓語補(bǔ)足語，這類動(dòng)詞有：，這類動(dòng)詞有：cant bear, hate,

13、 like, love, need, prefer, cant bear, hate, like, love, need, prefer, want, wish want, wish 等，等， 如：如：He needs his coat mended.Kate would like her room painted white.I prefer eggs boiled hard.We wish your work finished quickly.I want the suit made to his own measure.3.3. 在有些表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后，這類詞有：在有些表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后，

14、這類詞有：keep, leave, show等，如：等，如：They kept the door locked for a long time.Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.Please keep us informed of the latest developments. 3.4. 在使役動(dòng)詞在使役動(dòng)詞have 后，通常有兩方面的含義：后，通常有兩方面的含義：1)表示表示讓某人做某事讓某人做某事。I have had my bike repaired.我已經(jīng)找人修好了自行車。我已經(jīng)找人修好了自行車。2)表示表示遭遇

15、到某種不幸；受到打擊遭遇到某種不幸；受到打擊等。等。 My elder sister had her wallet stolen last month. 上個(gè)月我姐姐的錢包被偷了上個(gè)月我姐姐的錢包被偷了..用用 在在makemake之后，之后，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞的在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞的- -eded形式的動(dòng)詞形式的動(dòng)詞, ,表示目的或結(jié)果。表示目的或結(jié)果。 I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高了嗓門以便于被人家聽到。 They managed to make themselves understood . 他們?cè)O(shè)法使別人明白了他們的

16、意思。 You must made your views known to everybody. 你要向大家說明你的觀點(diǎn)。.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 的的 eded形式與形式與- -inging 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別：語的區(qū)別：1）在）在see, hear, watch, notice等感官動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，等感官動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)時(shí)的情景，為形式表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)時(shí)的情景，為部分過程；動(dòng)詞的部分過程；動(dòng)詞的-ed形式則表示其與賓語之間為被動(dòng)形式則表示其與賓語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系或有該動(dòng)作已完成的概念。例如：關(guān)系或有該動(dòng)作已完成的概念。例如：W

17、e heard her singing this song when we got there. 我們到達(dá)時(shí)，聽見她在唱這首歌。我們到達(dá)時(shí)，聽見她在唱這首歌。We often hear this song sung by her. 我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱這首歌。我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱這首歌。(歌是被唱歌是被唱) 2)用在用在have,get,leave等動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的等動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或持續(xù)狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞的形式強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或持續(xù)狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞的-ed形式表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。形式表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。We tried our best, but still couldnt get the

18、 machine running. (強(qiáng)調(diào)啟動(dòng)，進(jìn)入工作狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)啟動(dòng)，進(jìn)入工作狀態(tài)) The farmers got the planting done before the rains came. (被動(dòng)，已完成被動(dòng)，已完成) 3)用在用在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中, , 動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表形式表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞的示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞的-ed形式表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。形式表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。With the boy leading us the way, we had no difficulty in finding her house.(主動(dòng)關(guān)系，主動(dòng)關(guān)系，lead為男孩的動(dòng)作為男孩的動(dòng)作) Wi

19、th homework done，Jim went out to play football.(被動(dòng)關(guān)系，作業(yè)是被做被動(dòng)關(guān)系，作業(yè)是被做) Multiple choice:1. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ _ in the kitchen. ( NMET 2003) A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year. (1999NMET

20、) Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out3. If you want _ immediately, you have to give us some money in advance. A. that the work be done B. the work done C. to have done the job D. the job that is doneBCB4.1. 作時(shí)間狀語作時(shí)間狀語Told of his mothers accident, Jack phoned the hospital.Translated i

21、nto English, the sentence was found to have a different word order.When asked to speak, he complained about the poor service.4.2. 作原因狀語作原因狀語Caught in the rain, he had a fever.4. 4. 作狀語作狀語Inspired by Oprah Winfery, she became confident.4.3. 作條件狀語作條件狀語Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. Clea

22、red, this site would be very valuable.The house will look bigger if painted white.She will gladly come to your house if invited.4.4. 作讓步狀語作讓步狀語Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.Though told to stop, he kept on walking.Even if given every opportunity, they would not succeed.4.5. 作方式狀語作方式狀語I am ret

23、urning your letter as requested.He was walking sadly as if injured.4.6. 作伴隨狀語作伴隨狀語Mary came out of the room, followed by her dog.A crowd rushed in, armed with sticks.4.7.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 的的 eded形式與形式與- -inging 形式作狀語形式作狀語的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做狀語與動(dòng)詞的形式做狀語與動(dòng)詞的-ed形式做狀語的最主要形式做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。 He went out shutting the door behind him. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.Multiple choice:1. They are going to have the service man _ an