暖通計(jì)算參考

1、鍋爐及鍋爐房設(shè)備課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書題目：SHL10-1.0/350-WI型鍋爐熱力計(jì)算一、鍋爐參數(shù)1額定蒸發(fā)量D：10t/h； 2蒸汽壓力P：1.3MPa3蒸汽溫度tgr：350； 4給水溫度tgs：105；5冷空氣溫度tlk：30； 6預(yù)熱空氣溫度tr：150；7排煙溫度tpy：180； 8鍋爐排污率：5。二、鍋爐燃料與燃燒計(jì)算1鍋爐燃料：I類無煙煤，元素分析成分如表一 表一 元素分析收到基成分（）56.250.682.100.890.2828.80 9.00無灰干燥基揮發(fā)分Vr=6.18收到基低位發(fā)熱量Q=18187KJ/Kg2燃料的燃燒計(jì)算（1）鍋爐受熱面的過量空氣系數(shù)及漏風(fēng)系數(shù)（表二） 表

2、二 鍋爐受熱面的過量空氣系數(shù)及漏風(fēng)系數(shù)序號(hào)鍋爐受熱面入口空氣過量系數(shù)漏風(fēng)系數(shù)出口空氣過量系數(shù)'"1爐堂1.400.101.502防渣管1.5001.503蒸汽過熱器1.500.051.554鍋爐管束1.550.101.655省煤器1.650.101.746空氣預(yù)熱器1.750.101.85（2）理論空氣量、理論煙氣容積的計(jì)算序號(hào)名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式結(jié)論1理論空氣量Vokm3/Kg0.0889(C+0.375S)+0.256H-0.0333O=0.0889×(56.25+0.375×0.89)+0.256×0.68-0.0333×2.10

3、5.132三原子氣體VRo2m3/Kg0.01866(C+0.375S)=0.01866×(56.25+0.375×0.89)1.063理論氮?dú)馊莘em3/Kg0.79+0.008N=0.79×5.13+0.008×0.284.454理論水蒸汽容積m3/Kg0.111 H+0.0124W+0.0161 =0.111×0.68+0.0124×9.00+0.0161×5.130.27各受熱面煙道中煙氣特性表名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式爐膛與防渣管蒸汽過熱器鍋爐管束省煤器空氣預(yù)熱器平均過量空氣系數(shù)1.451.5251.61.6951.8實(shí)際

4、水蒸氣體積Vm/kg0.3070.3130.3200.3270.336煙氣總體積Vm/kg8.12258.51638.89089.40249.95RO體積份額r0.13050.12450.11920.11250.1065HO體積份額r0.0380.0370.0360.0350.034三原子氣體體積份額r0.1690.1620.1550.1480.141(3) 煙氣溫焓表 煙氣溫度V= 1.06m/kgV= 4.45m/kgV=0.27m/kg(c)co(c)coV(c)(c)V(c)(c)V1234567100170180130579151412003573252601157304823005

5、593783921744463125400772818527234562616950099410556642955795215600122512998043578969262700146215509484219114931080017051807109448681334360900195220691242552715264121000220423361392619417234651100245826051544687119255201200271728801697755221325761300297731561853824623446331400323934332009894025596911

6、50035033813216696392779750160037693995232510466300281117004036427824841105432298721800430545632644117663458934190045744848280412478369099620004844513529651319439261060=5.13I=I+()I(c)（KJ/Kg）1.501.55IIII891011121314800132677.1615642661364.5822474032067.3933325422780.4642256843508.9251398804514.4607997

7、85017.148587.58838.4271127703511295791.779930.88510220.473511261161800812826576.6611296.3311625.16311441177899514377371.8112680.90513049.495511601196999615958182.3514087.17514496.2925117012041100817538992.8915504.44515954.08951189 12251203519149818.8216944.4117435.351119313064207610649.8818388.94120

8、314202223911486.0719945.035117715272240312327.3921435.695125316204256713168.7122788.355122417263273114010.0324268.015123118322289914871.8725757.935123519389306615728.5827253.29I=I+()I1.651.751.85IIIIII1516171819201375.58611932587.4352723.893113212283590.80353797.54254004.282110521365139.2995417.3451

9、12811856505.7986856.6911618073.3611879340.141121110799.6505三、鍋爐熱平衡及燃料消耗量計(jì)算計(jì)算列示如下表項(xiàng)目符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式或數(shù)據(jù)來源數(shù)值燃料低位發(fā)熱量QKJ/kg已知18187排煙溫度已知180排煙焓IKJ/kg根據(jù)及=1.85查煙氣焓溫表2454冷空氣溫度t給定30冷空氣理論焓 IKJ/kgV（ct）=5.13*39.6203.1固體不完全燃燒熱損失q由表3-4選取12氣體不完全燃燒熱損失q由表3-4選取1.0散熱損失q由表3-6選取1.7排煙熱損失q×10011.68爐渣及漏煤比a+a取用0.8爐渣焓(c)KJ/kg=6

10、00,由表2-15查得560爐渣物理熱損失q（a+a）(c)=0.8×560×0.956鍋爐總的熱損失=11.68+1.0+12+1.7+0.95627.336鍋爐熱效率100-100-27.33672.664過熱蒸汽焓iKJ/kg按p=1.3Mpa，t=350，查水蒸氣性質(zhì)表3146飽和水焓iKJ/kg按p=1.3Mpa，查水蒸氣性質(zhì)表814給水焓iKJ/kg按p=1.3Mpa，t=105，查水蒸氣性質(zhì)表436.8鍋爐有效利用熱量QKj/hD（）×10+Pd（）×1028978000小時(shí)燃料消耗熱量BKg/h2193計(jì)算燃料消耗量BKg/h1930保熱

11、系數(shù)0.977四、爐堂熱力計(jì)算1爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)特性（1）標(biāo)高計(jì)算 圖一 爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)各點(diǎn)標(biāo)高示意圖表六 爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)特性表結(jié) 構(gòu) 名 稱計(jì) 算 式標(biāo)高（mm）A1400+1085tg9°1572B1400+4370tg9°2092C、F2092+1305tg55°3956D7300+1900tg15°7809E7300G3956+920tg20°3621H1600+320tg60°2154I同前聯(lián)箱中心標(biāo)高1600（2）爐膛包覆面積（圖一）1）側(cè)墻總面積 A=（7.300-3.956）+（7.809-3.956）×0.5×1.9

12、00=6.84 m2 B=1.305×(3.956-2.092) ×0.5=1.22 m2 C=(1.572-1.100)+(2.092-1.100) ×0.5×3.285=2.40 m2 D=0.595×(3.956-1.100)=1.70 m2 E=(3.956-1.100)+(3.621-1.100) ×0.5×0.920=2.47 m2 F=(2.154-1.100)+(1.600-1.100) ×0.5×0.320=0.25 m2 =6.84+1.22+2.40+1.70+2.47+0.25=1

13、4.88 m22)后墻1.572-1.100=0.472 mAB=（2.092-1.572）/sin9°=3.32 mBC=（3.956-2.092）/ sin55°=2.27mCD=7.809-3.956=3.85 m=(0.472+3.32+3.24+3.85)×4=43.528 m3)前、頂墻HI=0.32/cos60°=0.64 mFG=0.335/cos20°=0.98 mGH=3.621-2.154=1.47 mEF=7.30-3.956=3.35 mED=（7.809-7.3）/cos15°=1.97 m =(0.64+

14、0.98+1.47+3.34+1.97) ×4=35.6 m2 (3)爐排有效面積3.285+0.595+0.92+0.32=5.12 mR=5.12×3.6=18.432 m2(4)爐膛容積=×4=14.88×4=59.52m3（5）爐膛包覆面積 =2+R=2×14.48+43.528+35.6+18.432=126.52（6）爐壁總面積=2×14.88+43.528+35.6=108.088 m(7)爐膛有效輻射受熱面1）前水冷壁（圖二）DE+EF-（4.40-3.956）=1.97+3.34-0.44=4.866 m( 爆光)（

15、0.64+0.98+1.47+3.34+1.97）-4.866=3.534 m(覆蓋耐火涂料層)S=0.17,d=0.051,e=0.0255,n=16(根)，S/d=3.33,e/d=0.5查教材線算圖7-2 x1=0.59,x2=0.3=(16-1)×0.17×4.87×0.59=7.320m2=(16-1)×0.17×3.534×0.3=2.703m2=7.320+2.703=10.203 m22) 后水冷壁（圖三）DC+BC-1.5（煙窗高度）=3.85+2.28-1.5=4.63AB=3.32S=0.17，d=0.051,e

16、=0.0255,n=16(根)，S/d=3.33,e/d=0.5查圖7-2 x1=0.59,x2=0.3=(16-1)×0.17×4.63×0.59=6.965m2=(16-1)×0.17×3.32×1=2.598 m2=6.965+2.598=9.653 m23)煙窗S=0.34，d=0.051,l=1.5m,x=1,n=8, =(n-0.5)S/x=(8-0.5)×0.34×1.5×1=3.825 m24)側(cè)水冷壁（圖四）A=（7.300-2.300）+（7.587-2.300）×0.5&#

17、215;1.050=5.40m2B=(7.640-3.956)+(7.809-3.956)×0.5×0.630+0.5×0.63×0.9 =2.374+0.284=2.658 m2C=(2.300-1.100)×1.05=1.26m2由S=0.105，d=0.051,e=0.065,S/d=2.06,e/d=65/51=1.275得x1=0.87，x2=0.3=(5.40+2.658)×0.87=7.011 m2=1.26×0.3=0.378 m2=0.378+7.011=7.389 m2圖二、前、頂水冷壁結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖 圖三、

18、后水冷壁結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖圖四 爐膛受熱面計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖 (8)爐膛有效輻射層厚度=3.6Vl/Fl=3.6×59.52/126.52=1.694 m(9)燃燒面與爐墻面積之比=R/ Fb Z=18.432/108.088=0.170（10）總有效輻射受熱面積 =+2+=10.2039.563+2×7.389+3.825=38.369 m2名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式或依據(jù)數(shù)值收到基燃料低位發(fā)熱值kJ/kg已知18187燃料消耗量kg/s同前0.6092計(jì)算燃料消耗量kg/s同前0.5361保熱系數(shù)kJ/kg同前0.977爐膛出口過量空氣系數(shù)已知1.50爐膛漏風(fēng)系數(shù)已知 0.1冷空氣焓同前203

19、.1熱空氣溫度已知150熱空氣焓kJ/kg查焓溫表959空氣帶入爐內(nèi)熱量kJ/kg（）+=（1.50-0.1）×959+0.1×1841363爐膛有效放熱量kJ/kg19146理論燃燒溫度查焓溫表1449理論燃燒絕對(duì)溫度K+273=1599+2731722爐膛出口煙溫先假定，后校核1100爐膛出口煙焓kJ/kg查焓溫表14087爐膛出口絕對(duì)溫度K+273=1100+2731373煙氣平均熱容量kJ/(kg·)14.5煙氣中水蒸氣容積份額見煙氣特性表0.038三原子氣體的容積份額見煙氣特性表0.169三原子氣體總分壓力MPa=0.169×0.10.0169

20、三原子氣體輻射力m·MPa=0.0169×1.6940.286三原子氣體輻射減弱系數(shù)1/( m·MPa) 10(1.223煙氣密度Kg/取定值1.3煙氣灰粒平均直徑m取定值20每1kg燃料煙氣量kg/kg11.30a=1-38.80/100+1.30×1.5×5.1310.62煙氣中灰粒無因次濃度38.80×0.2/100/10.620.0073灰粒減弱系數(shù)1/( m·MPa)43000×1.3×0.0073/0.448焦炭粒等的修正系數(shù)1/( m·MPa)0.3固體顆粒減弱系數(shù)1/( m

21、83;MPa)0.448+0.30.748氣體介質(zhì)吸引力kp()p=（1.223+0.748）×0.1×1.6940.334火焰黑度11-0.284爐膛水冷程度0.355爐膛系統(tǒng)黑度 0.555波爾慈曼準(zhǔn)則1.718管外壁灰污系數(shù)(·)/kW取用2.6爐膛輻射受熱面吸熱量kJ/kg（)=0.978×（18187-14087）4010輻射受熱面熱流密度kW/=0.5361×4010/38.36956水冷壁管外積灰層表面溫度K=2.6×56+191.61+273610.2系數(shù)m=0.1404計(jì)算值(1/+m)(1/+m)=1.718

22、15;（1/0.555+0.1404）2.47無因次爐膛出口煙溫查線算圖7-80.79煙膛出口絕對(duì)煙溫K=0.71×17221360爐膛出口煙溫273=1360-2731087爐膛出口煙焓kJ/kg=1.5查焓溫表13904爐膛輻射換熱量kJ/kg ()=0.978（18187-13904）4189燃燒面熱強(qiáng)度kW/=601.1燃燒室熱強(qiáng)度kW/=186.1實(shí)際輻射受熱面熱流密度kW/ =58.53五、防渣管計(jì)算（一）防渣管管束計(jì)算名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式或依據(jù)數(shù)值管徑dm0.051橫向節(jié)距m0.12縱向節(jié)距m0.12受熱面面積Hndl=24×3.14×0.051&#

23、215;1.55.765煙氣流通截面平均高度am1.05煙氣流通截面面積F ab-nda=1.05×2.85-24×0.051×1.051.707管間有效輻射層厚度 m 0.278比值- 2.35（二）防渣管熱力計(jì)算名稱符號(hào)單位計(jì)算公式或依據(jù)數(shù)值進(jìn)口煙溫,過熱器出口煙溫1087進(jìn)口煙焓I,kJ/kg13904出口煙溫,先假定，后校核1000900800出口煙焓I,kJ/kg=1.5查焓溫表12681112969931煙氣側(cè)放熱量QrpkJ/kg（I,-I,+I0lk）122326083973管內(nèi)工質(zhì)溫度tp=15大氣壓時(shí)的飽和溫度197最大溫差tmax,-t890最小溫差tminV,-t80