語法代詞介詞副詞時(shí)態(tài)和句子總結(jié)

1、（一）代詞1.人稱代詞2.物主代詞3.反身代詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是某人自己，共有8個(gè)：myself我自己，ourselves我們自己，yourself你自己，yourselves你們自己，himself他自己，herself她自己，itself它自己，themselves他們自己。4.疑問代詞5.指示代詞6.不定代詞（1） some表示“一些，某些，某個(gè)” ，any表示“一些，任何” 。some 多用于肯定句中，any多用于否定句和疑問句中。（2） both指兩者“都” ；all指三者及三者以上“都” 。（3） few 和 little 也是表示數(shù)量的不定代詞，為否定含義，都有“幾乎沒有”的意思。few后

2、面接可數(shù)名詞，little 后面接不可數(shù)名詞。a few 和 a little也是表示數(shù)量的不定代詞，為肯定含義，都有“少數(shù)、少量”的意思。a few 后面接可數(shù)名詞，a little 后面接不可數(shù)名詞。（4）many 和 much 都是表示數(shù)量的不定代詞，都有“許多、大量”的意思。much 后面接不可數(shù)名詞，many后面接可數(shù)名詞。（二）介詞用法：口訣1: 年月周前要用in， 日子前面卻不行。 遇到幾號(hào)要用on，上午下午又是in。要說某日上下午， 用on換in才能行?？谠E2: in在里，out在外，在旁邊的是beside，靠近的為by 。 on在上， under在下，above在上頭， be

3、low在底下?？谠E3:早、午、晚要用in ，in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午I n the evening 在晚上in the day 在白天 黎明、午、夜、點(diǎn)與分用at ，at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明時(shí)候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜間 at six o'clock 在6點(diǎn)鐘 at 7：30 在7點(diǎn)半 年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周用in。 in 1986 在1986年 in April 在四月 in December 1986 1986年12月 in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 in

4、autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季 口訣4：小處at大處in 口訣5：陽光、燈、衣、冒 in，即在陽光下，在燈下，穿衣、著裝、冒雨等都要用 in。 in the sunlight 在陽光下，in the light 在燈光下， in the rain 在雨中， the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿著白(黑、紅、黃)色衣服的婦女， in brown shoes 穿著棕色鞋口訣6：將來時(shí)態(tài) in 以后 例: They will come back in 10 days. 他們將10天以后回來?？谠E7：工具用with,交通工具用by,語言用

5、in。He cut the cake with a knife. My mother goes to work by bus. She can speak in Japanese口訣8：into從外向里，out of從里向外，up向上，down向下，河流馬路表面通過用across,森林隧道里面通過用through。（三）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)意義與動(dòng)詞主語動(dòng)詞形式常用時(shí)間肯定句否定句(特殊)疑問句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。be動(dòng)詞三單isis not (疑問詞) is +主語always,often, nowusually,sometimes,ever, never, in the mornin

6、gin the afternoon,in the evening,at night,on Sunday,everyonce a week,twice a month,3 times a yearIamam not(疑問詞)am+主語you,復(fù)areare not(疑問詞)are+主語2. 表示經(jīng)常性習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、興趣愛好或能力。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所有主語can +Vcan not +V(疑問詞)can +主語+Vmay +Vmay not +V(疑問詞)may+主語+Vmust +Vmust not +V(疑問詞)must+主語+Vshould +Vshould not +V(疑問詞)should+主語

7、+V行為動(dòng)詞三單Vsdoesnt +V(疑問詞)does +主語+V非三單Vdont +V(疑問詞)do +主語+V3.祈使句be無BeDont beBe quick. Dont be worried.行為無VDont +VListen to me. Dont push.4.感嘆句What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers!How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are!一般過去時(shí)表示過去了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。be動(dòng)詞單yo

8、uwaswas not(疑問詞) was +主語yesterday,this morning,before that,last復(fù)+youwerewere not(疑問詞)were+主語行為所有主語Veddidnt +V(疑問詞)did +主語+V現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。行為動(dòng)詞三單is +Vingis not +Ving(疑問詞) is +主語+Vingnow,Listen!Look!WheresIam +Vingam not +Ving(疑問詞)am+主語+Vingyou,復(fù)are +Vingare not +Ving(疑問詞)are+主語+Ving過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的

9、動(dòng)作。行為單youwas +Vingwas not +Ving(疑問詞)was+主語+Vingyesterdaythis morningat that timeat nine 復(fù)+youwere +Vingwere not +Ving(疑問詞)were+主語+Ving一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。1be所有主語will+ bewont+ be(疑問詞)will+主語+ betomorrow,this evening,later,in a minute,after that,next行為Will+ Vwont +V(疑問詞)Will+主語+ V2行為動(dòng)詞三單is going to+Vis

10、not going to+V(疑問詞)is+主語going to+VIam going to+Vam not going to+V(疑問詞)am+主語going to+Vyou,復(fù)are going to+Vare not going to+V(疑問詞)are+主語going to+V（四）句式變換的方法陳述句改否定句改一般疑問句劃線部分提問1句子中有be動(dòng)詞is,am, are，was,were的：在be動(dòng)詞is,am, are,was,were后面加上not：將be動(dòng)詞is,am, are,was,were放在句子前面：用相應(yīng)的疑問詞替換劃線部分提問，再寫is,am, are,was,we

11、re1.Im ten.2.They are red.3.Its nine oclock.4. She was at home.5.They were crying.Im not ten.They arent red.Its not nine oclock. She wasnt at home. They werent crying.Are you ten?Are they red?Is it nine oclock?Was she at home?Were they crying?How old are you?What color are they?What time is it?Where

12、 was she?What were they doing?2句子中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的：在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加上not:將在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句子前面：用相應(yīng)的疑問詞替換劃線部分提問，再寫再寫情態(tài)動(dòng)詞She can draw.She cant draw.Can she draw?What can she do?3句子中只有行為動(dòng)詞的：在行為動(dòng)詞前加dont, doesnt,didnt被幫的動(dòng)詞用原形：在句子前面加助動(dòng)詞do, does，didnt被幫的動(dòng)詞用原形：用相應(yīng)的疑問詞替換劃線部分提問，再加助動(dòng)詞do, does，didnt被幫的動(dòng)詞用原形：I like pears.He likes ants.Ben

13、has a bike.Lisa got a puppy.I dont like pears.He doesnt like ants.Ben doesnt have a bike.Lisa didnt get a puppy.Do you like pears?Does he like ants?Does Ben have a bike?Did Lisa get a puppy?What do you like?What does he like?Who has a bike?(注意)What did Lisa get?（五）形容詞和副詞（1）形容詞的位置：名詞前（an interesting

14、book）、系動(dòng)詞后（Mary is tall.）、make/keep sb./sth. +形容詞（2）副詞的位置：用 法例 句 修飾動(dòng)詞I dont speak English well. 修飾形容詞 Reading is very important. 修飾副詞He didnt run fast enough.（3）形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化形式規(guī)則如下 一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加er 和 est 例如：strong-stronger-strongest 單音節(jié)詞如果以e結(jié)尾，只加r 和st 例如：strange-stranger-strangest 閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如

15、末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母， 須先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er和est sad-sadder-saddest, big- bigger-biggest, hot- hotter-hottest 少數(shù)以y，結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，末尾加er和est（以y結(jié)尾的詞，如y前是輔音字母，把y變成i，再加er和est），angry- angrier- angrest 其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單詞more和most different-more different-the most differentbeautiful-more beautiful-the most beautiful（4）副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化

16、形式與形容詞基本上一樣。注意： 一般副詞： hardharder hardest， fastfaster fastest latelater latest， earlyearlier earliest（5）不規(guī)則形容詞和副詞：不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式：good/well-better-best, bad/ill-worse-worst many/much-more-most, little/few-less-leastfar-farther/ further -farthest/furthest注意：形容詞最高級(jí)的前面要加the特殊副詞: well better best, much more most, badly worse worstlittle less least, quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly