過去分詞用法專題透析——高二英語

1、過去分詞用法專題透析Name School Date 1.分詞的定義：動詞的-ed分詞即過去分詞，是由動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成，一般只有一種形式。 2.過去分詞的語法作用：過去分詞一方面具有動詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當于一個形容詞或副詞，基本用法：過去分詞只有一般式?jīng)]有完成式。過去分詞在意義上最主要特點是表被動，在時間上它可以表示多種關(guān)系： (1) 表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作：Born in a poor family, he could not go to school. 因生于貧窮家庭，他上不起學。Built in 1501，the bridge is over 500 years old. 這座橋建于1

2、501年，已有五百多年的歷史。(2) 表示經(jīng)常性動作或泛指概念：He is a man loved by all. 他是一個受大家愛戴的人。The woman talked about is very rich. 人們經(jīng)常談論的那個女人很有錢?！咀ⅰ縯he woman talked about也可表示“已被人們談論過的那個女人”。(3) 表示與謂語動詞同時(或幾乎同時)發(fā)生的動作：Asked why he came, he kept silent. 問他為什么要來，他一言不發(fā)。He came in, followed by his secretary. 他走了進來，后面跟著他的秘書。(4) 表

3、示現(xiàn)在或過去(當時)的狀態(tài)：The murderer was brought in, his hands tied behind. 兇手被帶了進來，雙手被綁在后面。用法意義及例句表語主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。Donttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.不要碰那個杯子，它是壞的。 Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。定語過去分詞作定語，一般放在名詞的前/后面，相當于一個定語從句。單個的過去分詞在n前：Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.我們需要更多合格的教師。 過去分詞短語在

4、n后：Isthereanythingplannedfortomorrow?明天有什么活動嗎？用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。Thebooks,writtenbyLinson,sell well. 這些書是Linson寫的，很暢銷。 狀語過去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨情況等。* 它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。表時間，加when或while來強調(diào)時間概念：（When）Seenfromthetop,itlookedlikean animal. 從上往下看，它就像一只動物。表原因，Encouragedbythespeech,he madeup

5、hismindtofight. 受到了講演的鼓舞，他決定起來斗爭。表條件，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintosteam.水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。表讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。 表方式或伴隨情況。Hewentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.他在他的妻子的攙扶下走進了房間。 表結(jié)果，The cup fell down to the ground, broke

6、n. 茶杯掉到了地上，破碎了。補足語在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復合賓語，用作賓語補語； 但當這類句子變成被動語態(tài)時，過去分詞用作主語補語。Have sth done，have sb do，have sb doing=keep sb doingWhenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtoothexamined?你什么時候去醫(yī)院檢查牙齒？Theyshouldbekeptinformedofthesituationthere.應該讓他們知道那兒的形勢。與i

7、ng的用法區(qū)別：作表語的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.聽到那個消息，我們感到很驚訝 Thenewsisverysurprising.這個消息很令人驚訝。作定語的區(qū)別過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作；而-ing分詞作定語可以表示正在進行的主動的動作。 boiledwater開水 boilingwater正沸騰的水developedcountries發(fā)展的國家 developingcountries發(fā)展中國家changedcondition改變了的情況 chan

8、gingcondition變化著的情況 非謂語動詞考題五種常見設題陷阱陷阱一：形式上是考查非謂語動詞，但實質(zhì)上是考查省略句1. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. A. wateredB. wateringC. waterD. to water【解析】答案選A。unless watered可視為unless they are watered之省略。又如：Unless changed. this law will make life difficult for farmers. 這項法令除非進行修改，否則將給農(nóng)

9、民的生活造成困難。2. No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performedB. performingC. to be performedD. being performed【解析】答案選A。No matter how frequently performed可視為No matter how frequently they are performed之省略。3. I was wondering if we could go skiing o

10、n the weekend. _ good. A. SoundB. SoundedC. SoundingD. Sounds【解析】答案選D。Sound good為It sounds good之省略。陷阱二：形式上是考查非謂語動詞，但實質(zhì)上是形容詞的用法1. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures. A. interestedB. interestingC. interestD. to interest【解析】答案選A。過去分詞interested在此已轉(zhuǎn)化為形

11、容詞，interested in意為“對感趣”。2. _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A. SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising【解析】答案選B。由于與形容happy并列，故可排除C和D。又因為是用以說明主語Tony的心情，故用surprised，不用surpring。陷阱三：形式上是考查非謂語動詞，但實質(zhì)上是考查某種句式1. Its a long time since I saw my sister. _ her this weekend?A

12、. Why not visit B. Why not to visitC. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit 【解析】答案選A。Why not為英語中常用句式，用于提出建議，其后只接動詞原形，不接不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞。注意不能選D，但是若D改為Why dont you visit也可以選。2. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ ityouve got some big bills coming. A. forgetB. forgot C. forgetti

13、ng D. to forget【解析】答案選A。此處的better實為youd better之省略。根據(jù)英語習慣，had better之后只能接動詞原形，故選A。陷阱四：形式上是考查非謂語動詞，但實質(zhì)上是考查祈使句1. Mary, _ here everybody else, stay where you are. A. comeB. comesC. to comeD. coming【解析】答案選A。此處考查祈使句的用法，故用動詞原形。2. What should I do with this passage? _the main idea of each paragraph. A. Find

14、ing outB. Found outC. Find outD. To find out【解析】答案選C。此處考查祈使句的用法，故用動詞原形。其實，此題也可視為You should find out之省略。陷阱五：形式上是考查非謂語動詞，但實質(zhì)上是考查并列句1. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _down to eat our picnic lunch. A. sittingB. having satC. to sitD. sat【解析】答案選D。由句中的and可知，此句

15、為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，且空格處填sat，與其前的謂語動詞found并列。2. _ many times, but he still didnt understand it.A. Having been toldB. Though he was toldC. To have been told D. He was told【解析】答案選D。句中的并列連詞 but 表明整個句子為并列句，同時表明but前應是一個獨立的句子，而不能是一個非謂語動詞短語(所以不能選A或C)，又因為though為從屬連詞，用以引導讓步狀語從句，它與連接并列句的并列連詞 but 不“兼容”，所以也不能選B。3. First _ th

16、e rice by washing it, then _ it in boiling water. A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cookingC. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking【解析】答案選A。題干部分為兩個并列的祈使句，故均用動詞原形?！眷柟叹毩暋浚?. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M.A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known2. The disc

17、, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. （NMET 2004上海）A. recorded B. recordingC. to be recorded D. having recorded3. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. (NMET 2002

18、北京)A. to solving; making B. to solving; madeC. to solve; making D. to solve; made4. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.（NMET 2004 II）A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss

19、.（NMET 2004 IV）A. questioning B. having questionedC. questioned D. to be questioned 6. _ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.（NMET 2004 湖北）A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared7. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as

20、 the plane was making a landing. (NMET 2004上海 春)A. seat B. seatingC. seated D. to be seating8. Friendship is like money: easier made than _. (NMET 2003上海 春)A. kept B. to be keptC. keeping D. being kept9. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _.（NMET

21、 2004重慶）A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry10. Whats happening in the street? A group _ Green Peace are protesting against the summit.A. calls B. called C. calling D. to be called11. He had his leg _ when playing football.A. break B. to break C. breaking D. broken12. Your letter _ Nov. 25 ha

22、s reached me.A. dated B. dating C. was dated D. which dated13. _ with excitement, the children couldnt fall asleep.A. To fill B. To be filled C. Filling D. Filled14. Even if _, I wont go.A. invited B. inviting C. I invited D. he invites15. With the homework _, he was allowed to watch the football ma

23、tch.A. finished B. finishing C. to finish D. to be finished16. With his finger _ to the _ window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?”A. pointing; broken B. pointed; brokenC. pointing; breaking D. pointed; breaking17. Your umbrella wants _. Do you want it _?A. repairing; repairing B. repairing; repair

24、edC. to repaired; to be repaired D. to be repaired; repairing18. _ to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the paper ,“_, an English teacher for a ten-year-old boy.”A. Determined;Wanted B. Determined;WantingC. Determines;Wanted D. Determining;Wanting19. The shy girl never speaks unles

25、s _.A. speaking B. spoken C. speaking to D. spoken to20. Many young teachers，Ms Zhou _，were chosen as model workers in this city.A. to include B. includingC. included D. being included21. _ by Yang Liweis speech，the students are determined to study even harder.A. Deeply moved B. Having deeply movedC

26、. To be deeply moved D. Moving deeply22. Though _ badly，the fighter continued to fire at the enemy.A. he wounded B. was woundingC. wounding D. wounded23. If _ green, the door might look more beautiful.A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint24. Though _ of the danger, he still went skating on the

27、 thin ice.A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned25. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head _ deep in arms.A. bury B. to bury C. buried D. burying【-ing VS -ed】1, After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well boys_ to go to school. (9

28、7,1) A) to be encouraged B) been encouraged C) being encouraged D) be encouraged2, _,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. (97,6)A) Other things being equal B) Were other things equal C) To be equal to other things D) Ot

29、her things to be equal3, All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. (98,6)A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered4, The house was very quiet, _as it was on the side of a mountain. (99,6)A) isolated B) isolating C) being isolated D) having been isolated5, Th

30、is crop has similar qualities to the previous one, _both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. (99,6) A) being B) been C) to be D) having been6, Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _ in Cuba. (00,1) A) being cultivated B) been cult

31、ivated C) having cultivated D) cultivating7, _in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing. (00,1)A) To look B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at8, You will see this product _ wherever you go. (00,6)A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising9, _in a recent scie

32、nce competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars. (00,12) A) To be judged the best B) having judged the best C) Judged the best D) Judging the best10, From the dates _ on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty.A) marking B) having been marked C

33、) marked D) to be marked11, She stood by the window, _. A) thinking B) think C) thought D) thinks12, _ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door.A) Not wishing B) Wishing C) Not wished D) No wishing13, The editorial _ now will appear in tomorrows newspaper.A) writing B) to write C) being writte

34、n D) write14, It _ now pretty late, we took our things and retired to our room.A) is B) being C) turned D) got 15, _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A) When compared B) While comparing C) Compare D) Comparing16, The old man came upstairs with great st

35、rength, his right hand _ a stick for support.A) held B) holding C) being holding D) was holding17, _ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting. A) having defeated B) To have defeated C) having been defeated D) To have been defeated18, _neglecting our education, my father sent me to

36、school.A) Accused of B) Accusing of C) To be accused of D) That he was accused of19, _ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf. A) He is remembered B) While being remembered C) To be remembered D) Though remembered20, _ that they are fres

37、h from university, the young people have done a good job.A) Given B) Because C) Giving D) As21, _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.A, If walking B) While walking C) Walking D) When one is walking22, I understood you were third-year students _

38、 in English.A) who majors B) who major is C) have majored D) majoring23, A cool rain was falling, _ with snow. A) mixed B) mixing C) to mix D) having mixed24, _ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender.A) Surrounded B) Surrounding C) having surrounded D) To be surrounded25,_ equa

39、l educational opportunities, American Indians in the reservations remained backward and illiterate for a long time. A) Deprived off B) Depriving off C) Deprived of D) Depriving of26, All the exam papers _, the teacher sent the class home.A) having been handed in B) having hands in C) handing in D) b

40、eing handed in 27, _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A) Founding B) It was founded C) Being founded D) Founded28, There _ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live. A) be B) was C) were D) being29, _ in

41、 Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.A) having lived B) Lived C) Living D) To live30, Any packet _ properly will not be accepted by the post office.A) not to be wrapped B) not being wrapped C) not wrapped D) not having been wrapped31, The lab _ next ye

42、ar will be more advanced than the old one.A) built B) to be built C) being built D) to build32, Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _ to the outside world.A) being lost B) losing C) having lost D) lost33, He was sitting in the chair, _ a book. A) read B) was reading C) reading D) with reading34, Such _ the case, there were no grounds to justify your complaints. A) is B) was C) be D) being35, Peter is a good student, _ his best subject. A) as English B) English as C) being English D) Englis