[初二英語]八年級英語下冊 現(xiàn)在完成時講解和練習 人教新目標版

1、現(xiàn)在完成時練習現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。 1表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it. 你已經(jīng)吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過?，F(xiàn)在我不餓了 2表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。

2、如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在這兒教書。可能還要繼續(xù)教 I havet seen her for four years. 我有四年沒見到她了。3結構1 陳述句結構：主語have( has)not+過去分詞其它。have not=havent has not=hasnt.2 一般疑問句結構：Have( Has )主語過去分詞其它？3 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞have(has) +主語+ 過去分詞其它？eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasnt finished his homework y

3、et. Has he finished his homework yet? -Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt./ No, not yet. 3表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或屢次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過，常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時間狀語。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京二次。 1現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強調動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示

4、不確定的時間狀語連用。 a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否認句和 疑問句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否認或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)或“從未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。 c

5、.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾年他去過那里三次了。 d.用包括“現(xiàn)在在內的時間狀語，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I hav

6、ent. 今天你見過他嗎？我 沒有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那里多少次？ 2現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be在等延續(xù)性動詞來表述。現(xiàn)歸納總結一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉換： arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dea

7、d come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy

8、come to workwork等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。 We have studied English for three years. 我們開始學英語已三年了。 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時強調的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關系。如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)

9、在的關系。試比擬： I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了?，F(xiàn)在還未找到 I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說明 1have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過某地現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了說話時某人不在當?shù)?，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never,several times等連用，后者那么不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們去過北京兩次。 He has

10、gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 2如單純表示一段時間，或強調一段時間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。 3終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否認式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。 如：I havent left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒?，F(xiàn)在完成時練習Exercises7A 用have(has) been 或have(has)

11、 gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that p

12、lace?B: He _ there only once. B 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各種形式填空。Where is Jack? He _ his country.John _ England since he came back.How long _ have _ this village?The Smiths _ Beijing for years._ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.I _ this school since three years ago.C選擇填空 ( )1

13、.Jims been to the Great wall before ,_he?(A)isnt (B)wasnt (C)hasnt (D)doesnt( )2.Shes never been to England, _she?(A)has (B)hasnt (C)isnt (D)is( )2._has Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often( )3.How long _he_ the library book .(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has,

14、bought (D)did, buy( )4.Mr Green isnt in the office , He _to the library(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go( )5.Mr smith _to Tokyo and he will be back in a week(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone( )6.They_China for two years (A)have been to (B)have been in(c)have gone to (D)have

15、 come toExercises10A按要求把短暫性轉換為延續(xù)性動詞arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be thereHe got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for

16、_ _.They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be outHe came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become beI became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.The river became dirty last year.The riv

17、er _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be openThe shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be dead leave sw. be away from sw. fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep finish/end be over marry be marriedI got up

18、 two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to

19、 do sth. do sth. begin be onI began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wear catch/get a cold have a cold get to know knowThey borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.I bough

20、t a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a sol

21、dier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the armyHe joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two yea

22、rs.C選擇填空( )2.Herfather _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died( )3.I have _this nice watch for two years(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend( )4.He _his home for ten years(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away fr

23、om (D)was away from( )5.He _a league member for three years (A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become( )6.Lihuas brother has _for two years(A)joined the army (B)been an army (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army( )7.He hasnt _Quanzhou ever since he left school(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)a

24、way Exercises 11 選擇填空( )1. Have you finished your homeworkYes, I _it last night(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish( )2. _you ever _to NanjingYes, I _there last year.(A)Havegone, have gone (B)Havebeen , went(C)Didgo, went (D)Didgo, has , been( )3.When _you _Lucy in New York?I _here

25、for two years(A)didmeet, havent seen (B)didmeet, havent seen(C)didmeet, dont see (D)wouldmeet, hadnt seen( )4.when_ you to Beijing?( )3.He _finished his homework. yet(A)doesnt (B)havent (C) hasnt (D) doesnt have( )1.Have you _traveled on the train. Yes, I have.(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet( )2.Hav

26、e you finished your homework Not_ .(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just( )3. We havent finished our homework .(A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never( )4.Have you_ learned English?Yes, Ive _learned a lot.(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever( )5.Have you finished your homework _?Ye

27、s, Ive _done that (A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just( )6.Johns father _borrowed some pictures(A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yetExercises4 A用since和for填空1) _ two years 2) _ two years ago 3) _ last month4) _ 1999 5) _ yesterday 6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours 8) _

28、an hour ago 9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time 11) _ she left here 4B用since和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ s

29、he left the city.( )1.Ive been like this ever since _ (A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the last week( )2.My mother has worked in this factory _2 years.(A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since( )3. I havent heard from him _last week.(A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before( )4.His father joined the pa

30、rty_(A)for three years (B)since three years ago(C)three years ago (D)in two years time 51. Where is Mr. Liu? - He _the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in2. The students have cleaned the classroom , _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they3. I like Hainan. I _there th

31、ree times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone 5.- How long _you_ your dictionary? - About two months. A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought6. He tells me

32、he_ China for over five years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to 7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China?A. How soon , comes B. How often, got C. How long , came D. How far, arrived 8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started

33、to work C. has lived there D. has left the university9. He has never surfed, _(改成反意疑問句? 10. They have been here since 2000 . (對劃線局部提問) _ have they been here?11. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.(die)12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改寫句子，句意不變) This factory _ for twenty years.13. Miss G

34、ao left an hour ago. 同上Miss Gao_ an _hour ago.14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. 同上 _ two years_ the Green family moved to France.15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. 同上現(xiàn)在完成時與中考題選擇填空。 1I_ a letter from him since he left天津市 Adidnt receive Bhavent got Cdidnt have Dhavent heard 2Where have you _ these days？ I have to Dazhu with my friends重慶市 Abeen；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；gone 3How long have you _ this book？哈爾濱市 Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 4Wheres Peter？ He _ to Nanjing沈陽市 Ais going Bhas been Chas gon