小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-句子的種類

1、句子的種類一、按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。類別例句用法陳述句肯定This is a bag. I like spring.描述一件事情或者說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人的看法陳述句否定I cant see a bag over there. I dont know.描述一件事情或者說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人的看法疑問(wèn)句一般Are you a student? Does she get up early?Do you like swimming?Can you speak English?用于提出問(wèn)題特殊when什么時(shí)間；who誰(shuí)；whose誰(shuí)的；where在哪里；which哪一個(gè)；why為什么；what什么；

2、what time什么時(shí)間；what colour什么顏色；what about怎么樣；what day星期幾；what date什么日期；what for為何目的；how怎樣；how old多大歲數(shù)；how many數(shù)量多少；how much多少錢；how about怎么樣；how far多遠(yuǎn)選擇Is your friend a boy or a girl?反意Its a fine day, isnt it?祁使句肯定Put it here.表示命令、建議或請(qǐng)求否定Dont look at the noticeboard.感嘆句How smart the scarf is! What a s

3、mart scarf!How hard he studies!表示驚訝、喜悅、贊美、厭惡或憤怒等強(qiáng)烈感情注意： 疑問(wèn)句的回答(1) 一般疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)詢問(wèn)一件事或情況是否屬實(shí)。用yes 或 no 來(lái)回答。(2) 特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句由特殊疑問(wèn)詞加一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成，不能用yes來(lái)no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑問(wèn)詞的提問(wèn)。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或 Beijing.(3) 選擇疑問(wèn)句提供兩種或兩種以上的選項(xiàng)供對(duì)方選擇，前面的選項(xiàng)之間用逗號(hào)分隔開(kāi)來(lái)，后兩項(xiàng)之間用or連接，回答時(shí)選擇一種。Would you like a pear, an ap

4、ple or a banana ? Id like a banana。(4) 反意疑問(wèn)句由陳述句加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句構(gòu)成，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句對(duì)陳述句提出相反的疑問(wèn)。如果陳述句部分是肯定，后面問(wèn)句就用否定形式；陳述句部分是否定，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句則用肯定形式。He likes music, doesnt he? Yes,he does. 是的，他喜歡。 No,he doesnt. 不，他不喜歡。He doesnt like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不，他喜歡。 No,he doesnt. 是的，他喜歡。即回答應(yīng)該按實(shí)際情況來(lái)回答，實(shí)際情況是肯定的，就用yes。否定的就用no. 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)

5、一般疑問(wèn)句，否定句以及對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)的解題指導(dǎo)改為一般疑問(wèn)句：先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would，放在最前面，如沒(méi)有則判斷是否為過(guò)去式，是則動(dòng)詞改為原形，句前加Did，其余照抄；不是則判斷是否為第三人稱單數(shù)，是則動(dòng)詞改為原形，句前加Does,其余照抄以上都不是，則句前加Do，其余照抄。改為否定句：方法和上面一樣，先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would，再后加not，其余照抄如沒(méi)有則判斷是否為過(guò)去式，是則動(dòng)詞改為原形，人后加didnt，其余照抄；不是則判斷是否為第三人稱單數(shù)，是則動(dòng)詞改為原形，人后加doesnt,其余照抄以上都不

6、是，則人后加dont，其余照抄對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)： 用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡?wèn)詞代替劃線部分，將剩余部分改為一般疑問(wèn)句（注：如劃線部分為主語(yǔ)，則用who代替，其余照抄；如劃線部分為動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，則用do代替，句前加what，再改為一般疑問(wèn)句）例如：He is running now.-He isnt running now. -Is he running now? -Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.They are making a puppet.-They arent making a puppet.-Are they making a puppet? -Yes, they are. /

7、 No, they arent.I often watch TV in the evening.- I dont often watch TV in the evening.-Do you often watch TV in the evening?-Yes, I do. No, I dont.He plays football after school. - He doesnt play football after school.Does he play football after school?-Yes, he does. No,he doesnt.We began class at

8、8 oclock yesterday.- We didnt begin class at 8 oclock yesterday.Did you begin class at 8 oclock yesterday? -Yes,we do. No, we dont.練一練： 1、填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡?wèn)詞。1)_wallet is it? Its mine.2)_is the Christmas Day? Its on the 25th of December.3)_is the diary? Its under the chair. 4)_is the boy in blue? Hes Mike.5)_a

9、re the earphones? They are 25 yuan. 6)_is it today? Its Sunday. 7)_is this red one? Its beautiful.8)_is it from here? Its about 2 kilometres away.9)_is your cousin? Hes 15years old. 10)_do you have dinner? At 6 oclock.11)_one is fatter, the blue one or the red one? The blue one.2、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。1) I can se

10、e eight rubbers in the box._can_see in the box?2) My father is fine today._ your father today?3) Liu Tao is playing football in the playground._Liu Tao_in the playground?4) My birthday is on the 9th of September._ your birthday?5) Id like a nice cake for breakfast._like for breakfast?6) Thats Nancys

11、 skirt._ is that?3、按要求改寫(xiě)句子。1) Its a book.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句）_2) My father is in the office.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）_3) Do you watch TV every Sunday?（做肯定回答）_4) This picture is beautiful.（改為以what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句） What_picture!5) Open the door for him.（改為否定句）_6) I have a big present.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）_?7) There are some orange trees.（改為單數(shù)句子）_.8)

12、 we are going to see a Beijing opera.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）_ ?9) He has some questions.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句）_?10) They visited their relatives and friends last Spring Festival.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句）_they_their relatives and friendslast Spring Festival?二、基本句型：1.主 + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（S+V）如： I work. You study. They swim.2.主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) （s +linkv +p） We

13、 are in the classroom. They look like twins.The food tastes delicious. Leaves turn green.3.主語(yǔ) + 謂動(dòng) + 賓語(yǔ)（S+V+O） She studies English. They play football.4. 主語(yǔ) + 謂動(dòng) + 賓語(yǔ) + 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（S+V+O+C） We should keep our class clean.5. 主語(yǔ) + 謂動(dòng) + 間接賓語(yǔ)(人) +直接賓語(yǔ)（物）（S+V+IO+DO）My mother made me a new dress. The teacher gave

14、us some books.三、按結(jié)構(gòu)分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。1.簡(jiǎn)單句：只包括一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的句子。例如：He likes swimming. We are students.2并列句：包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，句與句之間用并列連詞或分號(hào)來(lái)連接。如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.(you must)Hurry up, or you will be late for school.3.復(fù)合句：包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子，從句有從屬連詞（when, while, before, after, as soon

15、as , if, because, so, though, etc.）引導(dǎo).如：The film had begun When we got to the cinema.He didnt go to school because he was ill yesterday.練一練：連詞成句4. is，the，what，weather，today，like_5. you，me，please，could，help_6. are，what，they，colour_7. many，minutes，hour，there，how，are，in，an_8. him，give，please，water，a，of

16、，bottle_9. to，I，put，the，ball，in，the，box，want_there/here be結(jié)構(gòu)1、there be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某時(shí)、某地存在著什么事物或人”，包括there is、there are、there was there were。如：There is a school near my home. There are many books in my school-bag. There was a river here.here be結(jié)構(gòu)與它類似，用法也完全相同，只不過(guò)是表示“這里存在著什么事物或人”。2、與have、has、had的區(qū)別：（1）There b

17、e 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）There be +名詞+某地 ；而have、has、had表示：某人擁有某物 某人+have/has/had +某物。I have five books.（2）在there be 句型中，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用is；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用are；如有幾件物品，be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近be 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定“就近原則”。 There is a desk and many chairs. There are some children, a policeman and an old man. （3）there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑

18、問(wèn)句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。 如：There isnt a shop near my home. Are there some flowers in your bedroom.（4）針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？ How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？ （5）針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： Whats +there+ 介詞短語(yǔ)？ （6）There be結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開(kāi)頭，而have等詞只能用于某一個(gè)主語(yǔ)后面。練一練：1、用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1) There four se

19、asons in a year. 2) There not any trees two years ago.3) - there a post office near your school? -Yes, there .4) -How many stops there? -There only one.5) There not any stamps on the envelope. 6) there any birds in the tree?2、選用“have, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were”填空。1) I a go

20、od father and a good mother. 2) a telescope on the desk. 3) He a tape-recorder. 4) a basketball in the playground. 5) They a nice garden. 6) My father a story-book last year. 7) a reading-room in the building? 8) What does Mike ? 9) any books in the bookcase? 10) How many students in the classroom? 11) a story-book on the table a moment ago. 12) What do you ?some，any的用法some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句。請(qǐng)注意看例句后擴(kuò)號(hào)說(shuō)明的用法。例：There is some water in the glass. （肯定句） There ar