對(duì)于寫(xiě)作稿子.docVIP

1、對(duì)于寫(xiě)作稿子.doc1 Ele1 More and more young students go abroad because they want to get better education and find a better job in the future.I think that they may have problems in study and also in life.There may be problems in study and also in life for young students to go abroad to/ in order to/in an ef

2、fort to/ so as to get/receive better education and find/secure a better job in the future.Ele2 開(kāi)頭句大眾臉：With the development of science and technology, our life is more and more convenient.開(kāi)頭句明星臉：With the epansion of IT implation, our life is of increasing convenience.開(kāi)頭句巨星臉：Thanks to the rapid epansi

3、on of IT-based implation, the convenience of our daily life is on the rise.Ele3 越來(lái)越多的剛剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)越來(lái)越難找到好工作。菜鳥(niǎo)級(jí) More and more college graduates who have just graduated from university find that finding a good job is more and more diffult.大鳥(niǎo)級(jí) A grog number of fresh graduates find that obtaining a decent

4、 job is increasingly diffult.神鳥(niǎo)級(jí) The diffulty of being employed by a decent employer is on the rise, as the number of fresh graduates grows.雖然說(shuō)這兩個(gè)句子的 WPS(每句中的詞匯數(shù))都超過(guò) 10 個(gè)，應(yīng)該說(shuō)不能算是寫(xiě)的特別初級(jí)的簡(jiǎn)單句，如果句法和詞匯沒(méi)有問(wèn)題還是很有希望達(dá)到 6 分的。但如果全篇都是這樣的句式，整個(gè)文章就顯得幼稚，類似于記敘文寫(xiě)作，絕對(duì)突破不了 7 分。寫(xiě)作不同于口語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量符合書(shū)面語(yǔ)的正式性。口語(yǔ)中我們很習(xí)慣用“某個(gè)人做某件事”來(lái)構(gòu)成

5、基本句式，以至于議論文中有的考生依然寫(xiě)的是這樣的句子：上例中第一句的 主句和 狀語(yǔ)從句中都是以某個(gè)人開(kāi)始的，第二句中 主句和賓語(yǔ)從句也是以人做主語(yǔ)其實(shí)改法很簡(jiǎn)單：我們只要避免從“某個(gè)人”開(kāi)始句子就可以了，也就是說(shuō)用比較客觀的就事論事的態(tài)度。如：避免“學(xué)生出國(guó)”，只寫(xiě)“出國(guó)”;避免“他們想要”，只寫(xiě)“想要”。這樣，上面的句子就可以寫(xiě)成：go abroad to get better education and find a better job in the 2 future,不但很客觀，而且把原來(lái)的主句和從句兩部分 精簡(jiǎn)處理成了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。既可以做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞加上原來(lái)的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成句子，也可以用

6、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞處理為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者狀語(yǔ)，還可以以從句的形式處理。至于原來(lái)第一句中的主語(yǔ) young students可以用介詞短語(yǔ)的形式插入不定式或者動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)中，而下面的句子里的評(píng)價(jià)部分的內(nèi)容提上來(lái)做主句的謂語(yǔ)，組成一個(gè)新的句式。另外，第二例句中的“have”，一般情況下主語(yǔ)都是某個(gè)人，而在寫(xiě)作中多為“there be”句型所代替，更加客觀。所以上面的兩個(gè)例句就可以合并成一句 ：這樣合并不但客觀而且精煉，每個(gè)單位句子所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容自然就擴(kuò)大，詞匯密度也相應(yīng)地增多，自然容易得高分，如果加上個(gè)別單詞或短語(yǔ)的替換，就可以達(dá)到 7 分。但切記不可機(jī)械照搬范文中的長(zhǎng)句 下面就是具體的幾

7、個(gè)客觀表達(dá)的方面：一 句子開(kāi)頭“去人化”避免太多的人化主語(yǔ)/ “去人化”避免總是以有生命的名詞和人稱代詞開(kāi)頭(I ，People ，We 等) 可以采用以下方法加以豐富：(1).換個(gè)思維思考，用物作開(kāi)頭。A.在美國(guó)，人人都能夠買(mǎi)到槍。用“人人”做主語(yǔ)：In the United States, everyone can buy guns.用“槍”做主語(yǔ):In the United States, guns are available to everyone.B.你可以從因特網(wǎng)上獲得這一信息。用“你”做主語(yǔ)：You can obtain this information on the inter

8、.用“信息”做主語(yǔ)：This information is available on the inter.C.他突然想到了一個(gè)新主意。用“他”做主語(yǔ)：He suddenly thought out a new idea.或者 Suddenly he had a new idea.用“主意”做主語(yǔ)：A new idea suddenly occurred to him.我試著將此句再進(jìn)行一點(diǎn)改動(dòng)，將 suddenly 換成名詞，將 occur 換成 strike 強(qiáng)調(diào)“突然”的程度：All of a sudden, a new idea struck him.或者按照事物發(fā)生順序的特征將 all

9、 of a sudden 放到插入語(yǔ)的位置上：A new idea, all of a sudden, struck him.但這個(gè)句子插入語(yǔ)和前后的主干部分比起來(lái)稍顯長(zhǎng)，所以這樣用并不是最佳選擇，試比較 The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken up by a scream.（主次分明，重心穩(wěn)）(2) 表示某人擁有的“sb.have ”句型變成 there be 句型 More and more young students go abroad because they want to get better education

10、and find a better job in the future.I think that they may have problems in study and also in life.There may be problems in study and also in life for young students to go abroad in order to get better education and find a better job in the future.(3) 以“某人”作主語(yǔ)使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can, may, should 等）時(shí)，建議前兩個(gè)改成 It is

11、 likely /possible to do/ that .；后一個(gè)改成 It is necessary/ imperative/ highly epected/ suggested that sth be done.的句式：3 To curb global warming, our government should promulgate new laws to govern the felling of trees.rarr;To curb global warming, it is imperative that our government promulgate new laws t

12、o govern the felling of trees二使用被動(dòng)句式 在比較正式的新聞、商務(wù)、法律等英語(yǔ)文體中，被動(dòng)句式因?yàn)槠涓怀隹陀^性的賓語(yǔ)或者事實(shí)被廣為使用。圖表分析p 和議論文都是比較正式的文體，所以我們也應(yīng)該注意多用被動(dòng)句式。尤其是在以下兩個(gè)方面：(1).主語(yǔ)不確定 A.Someone murdered the millionaire last night.The millionaire was murdered last night.(2).主語(yǔ)是泛指很多人或者大部分人 B.To improve the air quality, we should reduce the use

13、 of private cars.To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.C.Most people think that we can get a large share of benefit in the sales caign.It is widely believed that we can get a large share of benefit in the sales caign.被動(dòng)句的用法不僅體現(xiàn)在主句中，在從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中都有可能用到，如：I am not sure w

14、hether the college graduates will find jobs in the financially diffult year.I am not sure whether the college graduates will get employed in the financially diffult year.但是因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)中本來(lái)是沒(méi)有被動(dòng)句式的，所以受漢化思維的影響很多考生不會(huì)想到這一點(diǎn)。這就要求我們對(duì)此要引起足夠的重視，并且在平時(shí)多加練習(xí)以培養(yǎng)對(duì)其敏感度。歸納起來(lái)說(shuō)，議論文中我們要積極避免“某個(gè)人”做主語(yǔ)，盡量用不定式、動(dòng)名詞從句做主語(yǔ)，或者使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

15、用評(píng)價(jià)性的動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，這樣就可以由 記敘文性質(zhì)的“過(guò)程性句式”順利轉(zhuǎn)化成更符合議論文文風(fēng)的 客觀評(píng)價(jià)性的句式。三 名詞化 寫(xiě) 作 中 把 原 本 用 動(dòng) 詞 或 者 形 容 詞 表 達(dá) 的 地 方 換 成 名 詞 叫 做 名 詞 化(nominalization)。名詞化是為了避免太多動(dòng)詞造成的句法處理上的困難，同時(shí)也可以把某些陳述型的句式轉(zhuǎn)化成更客觀的評(píng)價(jià)句，更符合議論文的文體要求。如：A 班長(zhǎng)得了流感今天沒(méi)有來(lái)。Our monitor didnrs;t e today.He has got a flu.很明顯這兩個(gè)小句可以用因果關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞連成一句：Because our monitor h

16、as a 4 flu, he didnrs;t e today.，但這個(gè) because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句以及其它的狀語(yǔ)從句是考生們很常用的復(fù)合句，雖然看似比較復(fù)雜，其實(shí)仍然是某個(gè)人做主語(yǔ)。如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞掌握得好，可能我們會(huì)想到用 Having a flu, our monitor didnrs;t e today.這一句使用了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，比前一句效果有所改善，但這仍是某個(gè)人做主語(yǔ)，效果還可以再進(jìn)一步提升。如果我們把前后兩部分分別用一個(gè) 概括性的名詞來(lái)替代，中間加上我們熟悉的 表示因果關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞， 這個(gè)句子就非常符合議論文的風(fēng)格：The flu caused the absence of o

17、ur monitor today.The absence of our monitor is because of his illness.至少我們可以盡量將其中的一個(gè)小句變成名詞，減少某個(gè)人做主語(yǔ)的口語(yǔ)化句式的出現(xiàn)頻率。B 誰(shuí)也不能以不懂法律來(lái)為自己辯解。究竟用哪一個(gè)做主語(yǔ)更合適呢？我們就有要考慮句意的重點(diǎn)。這句話所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)涵是：有些人以自己不懂法律來(lái)為自己的違法行為辯解，也就說(shuō)明“不懂法律”成為他們的法寶，而這正是作者批判和否定的主要對(duì)象。所以我們選擇“不懂法律”來(lái)做主語(yǔ)：Ignorance of the law ecuses no man.但是有一些單詞是我們?cè)趯?xiě)作中幾乎必須要用到的，

18、平時(shí)要備好以下幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)的名詞化：lack of (if there is no), inability(can not do)failure (didnrs;t do) 而且在具體的使用過(guò)程中可以結(jié)合介詞 with 使用，使得句法更加凝練。此外個(gè)別單詞也可以利用題目中的動(dòng)詞的名詞性后綴如：-tion，-ment, -isation, -ness, -ity等或者變成動(dòng)名詞形式-ing。如：More younger generations celebrate the western festivals.The celebration of the western festivals was en

19、joyed by more younger generations四 升級(jí)詞匯1.對(duì)被過(guò)度使用的詞或詞組進(jìn)行“升級(jí)” butrarr;very The film we saw last night was very interesting. The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.be of + n.替換 adj.The products are of high quality (very good ) and are so

20、ld everywhere in China. 5 more and morean increasing number of;grog number of/ grog trend of increasingly; on the rise, on the declinetrend up; trend down; drop eg.More and more people now prefer to stay at home and watch TV.People in increasing numbers prefer to stay at home and watch TV.because of

21、 (because) due to; ven; considering; thanks to; og to;on account of; in view of ; by reason of; in thatin view of the fact thatimportant Signifant; vital; prominent; crucial; indispensable; essential; primary; key; leading; notable emphasize lay emphasis on; attach importance to; place stress on; ma

22、ke a point of; underline; highlight; ve priority to try to do sth. strive to do sth.; make great effort to do sth.; spare no effort in doing sth./to do sth.; take pains to do sth; do ones utmost I think From my perspective /in my opinion; from my point of view; Irs;m of the opinion that; it occurs t

23、o me; as far as I am concerned; I am in favor of 2.避免使用語(yǔ)義較模糊的 make, let, have,get 而多使用語(yǔ)意具體生動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。1) This conversation let me have this opportunity to share their eperience and knowledge. This conversation allowed me this opportunity to share their eperience and knowledge.2) TV makes people have few c

24、hances to munate with each other. TV deprives people of the chance to munate with each other.3) The substance and tone of his remarks make the lasting peace in the Middle East possible. The substance and tone of his remarks contribute to the possibility of the lasting peace in the Middle East. 五、家庭作

25、業(yè) 一、改寫(xiě)下列文章 Every family has lots of housework.Everyone should do some of it.I help my parents do housework such as washing clothes, cleaning the room and watering flowers.I will do it well for my family.I think Irs;ve learned how to take good care of myself and my family by doing housework.Sometimes

26、 doing housework is an enjoyable eperience.And doing housework is also a kind of eercise.I can feel proud of myself only in this way.I think doing housework is useful and valuableThe summer holiday is ing.I will learn to do more housework.And my parents 6 will be hy.專練提示分析p ：這篇作文樣本是部分同學(xué)典型的作文風(fēng)格，帶有初中作文的痕跡。幾乎所有的句子都的簡(jiǎn)單的主謂賓或者主系表句子。每個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)都是第一人稱開(kāi)頭。詞匯的使用量不大，簡(jiǎn)單單詞的重復(fù)使用頻率高。復(fù)雜句型幾乎沒(méi)有。要求：1.要求盡可能多的使用今天所學(xué)習(xí)到的