南極磷蝦論文：南極磷蝦拖網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)與性能分析

1、南極磷蝦論文：南極磷蝦拖網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)與性能分析【中文摘要】南極磷蝦是南極動物的主要攝食對象,其資源量尤為豐富,南極磷蝦資源廣泛分布于覆蓋南極區(qū)域內(nèi)的海域中。目前全球先后已有近20個(gè)國家和地區(qū)對南極大磷蝦進(jìn)行試捕和商業(yè)性開發(fā)。我國對南極磷蝦的開發(fā)生產(chǎn)仍處在起步階段,現(xiàn)階段我國開發(fā)南極磷蝦具有重要意義。本文通過對南極磷蝦拖網(wǎng)模型試驗(yàn)研究來進(jìn)行網(wǎng)具性能分析及拖網(wǎng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),對我國南極磷蝦的開發(fā)生產(chǎn)起到一定的推進(jìn)作用。本文選擇兩種中層拖網(wǎng)為母型網(wǎng),根據(jù)“1號網(wǎng)”(上海開創(chuàng)遠(yuǎn)洋漁業(yè)公司用)和“2號網(wǎng)”(遼寧漁業(yè)集團(tuán)用)設(shè)計(jì)制作模型網(wǎng)并進(jìn)行水槽模型試驗(yàn),方案包括網(wǎng)具選擇、網(wǎng)具優(yōu)化、導(dǎo)網(wǎng)及襯網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)與安裝等。研究內(nèi)容

2、包括:(1)對兩頂模型網(wǎng)進(jìn)行性能分析,主要包括不同拖速下的網(wǎng)口擴(kuò)張,網(wǎng)具阻力變化,網(wǎng)型情況等;(2)不同浮沉力配備對網(wǎng)具水動力性能的影響;(3)不同叉綱長度對網(wǎng)具的水動力影響,主要包括網(wǎng)口垂直擴(kuò)張、阻力變化及網(wǎng)型變化等;(4)低拖速下網(wǎng)具的調(diào)節(jié)方法,主要測試不同網(wǎng)板擴(kuò)張對網(wǎng)具拖曳水層和水動力影響;(5)不同作業(yè)水層的網(wǎng)具調(diào)節(jié)工藝(主要包括拖曳速度和曳綱調(diào)節(jié)),以及網(wǎng)具拖曳水層的測定技術(shù)。(6)在正交優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)中,主要調(diào)整浮沉比(因素A,分別取0.8、1.0、1.2)、空綱長度(因素B,分別取100m、130m、160m)、叉綱長度(因素C,分別取35m、45m、55m)3個(gè)主要參數(shù)。模型試驗(yàn)完成

3、2頂拖網(wǎng),在3種L/S情況下的5級拖速性能測定,共30次拖曳試驗(yàn),此外還進(jìn)行了增加襯網(wǎng)和超低L/S時(shí)的網(wǎng)具性能測定,共20次拖曳試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)同一頂網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)具阻力隨拖速和L/S的增加而增加,網(wǎng)口高度隨拖速和L/S的增加而降低,網(wǎng)具阻力和網(wǎng)口高度隨速度變化而呈指數(shù)改變,相關(guān)性顯著;(2)2號網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)形優(yōu)于1號網(wǎng),1號網(wǎng)網(wǎng)頭較胖,網(wǎng)身局部斜率需進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化,同時(shí)配綱也需作適當(dāng)調(diào)整,整體而言,1號網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)形較不理想;2號網(wǎng)網(wǎng)身網(wǎng)形在各級拖速下均能保持較好的流線形;(3)2號網(wǎng)的能耗系數(shù)變化較1號網(wǎng)平滑,增加導(dǎo)網(wǎng)對網(wǎng)具水動力性能幾乎沒有影響。增加襯網(wǎng)后,在3.0kn拖速下,網(wǎng)口高度較未增加襯網(wǎng)時(shí)降

4、低50%,網(wǎng)具阻力增加270%。當(dāng)極低L/S(0.2)時(shí),網(wǎng)具能耗系數(shù)較L/S為0.44時(shí)增加40%,網(wǎng)形較差;(4)優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:在L/S=0.45時(shí),最優(yōu)組合為A3B3C1;L/S=0.5時(shí),最優(yōu)組合為A2B3C3;L/S=0.55時(shí),最優(yōu)組合為A2B3C3。【英文摘要】The Antarctic krill is the main feeding object among the Antarctic animals. It have rich resources in the Antarctic. The Antarctic krill resources widely distri

5、buted within the region covered most of the Antarctic waters. At present nearly 20 countries and regions have tested on the Antarctic krill, catching and large commercial development. And our country for the Antarctic krill development and production are still at initial stage. At present, it is imp

6、ortant significance to develop the Antarctic krill for our country. This article through to the Antarctic krill trawl model test study optimizing the aft. It is important for development and production of the Antarctic krill in China. This test select of two middle trawling for mother type nets. The

7、 No.1net (Shanghai create companies use of pelagic fishery) and the No.2 net (Liao ning fishery group use krill trawl) in the basis of flume experimental for design and production model nets. This paper research contents include: (1) Two kinds of model nets for performance analysis ,includes differe

8、nt ether net port expansion of drag speed aft resistance changes, nets type situation; (2) Different as well as floating and gravitational forces performance with the influence of the aft; (3) Different fork length on the aft outline hydrodynamic influence, including hydrodynamic influence ether net

9、 port vertical expansion, resistance changes, and nets type change; (4) Under low drag speed adjustment methods, main test different halftone expansion to hydrodynamic drag layer and the aft influence; (5)Different assignments water adjust process gears (Mainly includes towing speed and drag the out

10、line regulation), and the determination of gears drag water technology. (6)In optimizing the test, adjustment the proportion of the floating and gravitational (factor A , were taken 0.8, 1.0, 1.2), empty outline length (factors B, were taken 100m 130m, 160m), fork length (factors C were taken 35m, 4

11、5m, 55m), three major parameters.In this paper, the cistern of model test plan includes gears selection, gears conducted a total of 20 drag tests .Test results show that: Test results show that: (1)Net for the same roof with drag resistance with speed and L / S increases; Ethernet port height with t

12、ow speed and L / S decreased with the increase; Network of resistance and ether net port with a high degree change with the speed of change exponentially,significantly related;(2)The type of the No.2 net better than No.1 net. Ethernet port of No.1net fatter than No.1,s. And the nets body and matchs

13、the outline need to be further optimized. Overall, the type of the No.1 net is not good. The type and body of No.2 net in the various network under tow speed it can maintain good stream line; (3)The No.2 with the change of energy consumption coefficients more smooth than the No.1, s. It is no influe

14、nce to increase the aft guide nets hydrodynamic performance. After increase lining net, in 3.0 kn drag speed, without increasing the height of Ethernet port lining nets over 50%.Net increase of 27% with resistance.When extremely low L/S (0.2), the aft L/S energy consumption coefficient over 40% incr

15、ease 0.44, the type of net is lower.(4) Optimization experiment results show: when L/S = 0.45, the optimal combination is A3B3C1; When L/S = 0.45, the optimal combination is A3B3C1; When L/S = 0.55, the optimal combination is A2B3C3.【關(guān)鍵詞】南極磷蝦 拖網(wǎng) 模型試驗(yàn) 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)【英文關(guān)鍵詞】The Antarctic krill Trawl net Model te

16、st Optimization design【目錄】南極磷蝦拖網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)與性能分析摘要3-5Abstract5-6第一章 引言9-251.1 南極磷蝦資源概述9-181.1.1 開發(fā)背景9-101.1.2 南極磷蝦生物學(xué)10-121.1.3 南極磷蝦資源分布、產(chǎn)量及開發(fā)情況12-151.1.4 南極磷蝦的加工、運(yùn)輸和銷售15-181.2 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀18-231.2.1 南極磷蝦的開發(fā)181.2.2 磷蝦的捕撈技術(shù)18-201.2.3 南極磷蝦拖網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)20-231.3 本文研究目的和主要內(nèi)容23-251.3.1 研究的目的和意義23-241.3.2 主要內(nèi)容24-25第二章 南極磷蝦拖網(wǎng)海上調(diào)查

17、25-342.1 材料與方法25-322.1.1 調(diào)查漁船概況25-262.1.2 調(diào)查站位26-272.1.3 磷蝦拖網(wǎng)具參數(shù)27-292.1.4 助漁助航設(shè)備29-302.1.5 結(jié)果分析30-322.2 結(jié)果322.3 本章小結(jié)32-342.3.1 存在的問題322.3.2 建議32-332.3.3 提供模型網(wǎng)參數(shù)依據(jù)33-34第三章 南極磷蝦拖網(wǎng)模型實(shí)驗(yàn)34-483.1 材料與方法34-373.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備343.1.2 實(shí)物網(wǎng)選型34-353.1.3 模型網(wǎng)具換算35-363.1.4 具體實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟36-373.2 結(jié)果分析37-473.2.1 試驗(yàn)完成結(jié)果37-383.2.2 實(shí)物網(wǎng)性能換算38-403.2.3