初中英語易混易錯同義詞辨析大全及中考易錯題精練與詳解

1、初中英語易混易錯同義詞辨析大全及中考易錯題精練與詳解（一）初中英語易混易錯同義詞辨析大全1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語動詞永遠是復數(shù)， cloth指布，為不可數(shù)名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount后接不可數(shù)名詞， number后接可數(shù)名詞 a number of student

2、s4. family, house, homehome 家，包括住處和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成員. My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相機拍攝的照片，picture可指相片，圖片，電影片，drawing畫的畫 Lets go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabula

3、ry詞匯，一個人擁有的單詞量，word具體的單詞He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation人口，人數(shù)，people具體的人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather一天內具體的天氣狀況，climate長期的氣候狀況 The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad具體的公路，馬路，street街道，path小路，小徑，way道路，途徑take this road; i

4、n the street, show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse課程（可包括多門科目），subject科目（具體的學科）a summer course12. custom, habitcustom傳統(tǒng)風俗，習俗，也可指生活習慣，后接to do， habit生活習慣，習慣成自然，后接of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事實或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結果

5、的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise運動，鍛煉（不可數(shù)），exercises練習（可數(shù)），practice（反復做的）練習 Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作"課"解時,兩者可以替換.指課文用lesson. 指班級或全體學生用class. lesson 6; class 516. speech, talk, lecturespeech指在公共場所所做的經過準備的較正式的演說，tal

6、k日常生活中的一般的談話，講話，lecture學術性的演講，講課 a series of lecture on17. officer, officialofficer部隊的軍官，official政府官員 an army officer18. work, job二者均指工作。work不可數(shù)，job可數(shù) a good job19. couple, paircouple主要指人或動物，pair多指由兩部分組成的東西 a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landcountry側重指版圖，疆域，nation指人民，國民，民族，state側重指政府，

7、政體，land國土，國家 The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook廚師，cooker廚具 He is a good cook.22. damage, damagesdamage不可數(shù)名詞, 損害，損失; damages復數(shù)形式, 賠償金 $900 damages23. police, policemanpolice警察的總稱，后接復數(shù)謂語動詞，policeman 指某個具體的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.24. problem, questionp

8、roblem常和困難連系，前面的動詞常為think about, solve, raise，question常和疑問連系，多和ask, answer連用25. man, a manman人類，a man一個男人 Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當雞肉 The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph當電報解時，telegram指具體的，telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph28. trip, journey, travel

9、, voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍長的旅途，voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip29. sport, gamesport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等；game指決定勝負的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則 His favorite sport is swimming.30. price, prizeprice價格，prize獎，獎品，獎金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 31. a number of, the number ofa number of許多，謂語動詞

10、用復數(shù)。the number of的數(shù)目，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The number of students is increasing.32. in front of, in the front ofin front of范圍外的前面，in the front of范圍內的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day, of a dayof the day每一天的，當時的，當代的， of a day暫時的，不長久的 a famous scientist of the day34. three of us, the three of us

11、three of us我們（不止三個）中的三個，the three of us我們三個（就三個人）The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠詞，on the bus表范圍 They went there by bus.36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片刻，一會兒，for the moment暫時，一時 Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year, th

12、e next yearnext year將來時間狀語，the next year過去將來時間狀語 He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year一年多，more than one year超過一年（兩年或三年等）39. take advice, take the(ones) advicetake advice征求意見，take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again

13、.40. take air, take the airtake air傳播，走漏，take the air到戶外去，散步 We take the air every day.41. in a word, in wordsin a word總之，一句話， in words口頭上 In a word, you are right.42. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替，in the place of在地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in secret, in t

14、he secretin secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作狀語；in the secret知道內情，知道秘密，一般用作表語 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一個女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair相當于sit down坐下，take the chair開始開會46. go to sea, by sea, by th

15、e seago to sea當海員，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海邊 go by sea47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一個人，既是醫(yī)生又是老師，the doctor and the teacher兩個人，一個醫(yī)生和一個老師 the doctor and teacher is48. in office, in the officein office在職的，in the office在辦公室里 He is in office, not out of

16、 office.49. in bed, on the bedin bed臥在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of管理，負責照料， in the charge of由照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class在課上，in the class在班級里 He is th

17、e best student in the class.52. on fire, on the fireon fire著火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question毫無疑問的，out of the question不可能的 54. a second, the seconda second又一，再一，the second第 He won the second prize.55. by day, by th

18、e dayby day白天，by the day按天計算 The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit同一物體，one同類不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this導出下文所要說的 I was ill. Thats why59. none, nothing, no oneno

19、ne強調有多少，nothing, no one強調有沒有，nothing指物，no one指人- How many/How much? - None.60. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you61. who, whatwho指姓名或關系，what指職業(yè)或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat的選擇基礎是無限制的，which在一定范圍內進行選擇 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. ot

20、her, anotherother后接名詞復數(shù)，another后接名詞單數(shù) other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little非常，not a bit一點也不 Im not a bit tired. 我一點兒也不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可數(shù)名詞連用，much和不可數(shù)名詞連用，a lot of可數(shù)，不可數(shù)均可，但不用于否定句 I havent many books.66. much morethan, many morethanmuch morethan后接形容詞或不可

21、數(shù)名詞，many morethan后接可數(shù)名詞 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water68. no more than, not more thanno more than相當于only，僅僅，只有，not more than 至多，不超過69. majority, mostmajority只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，most可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可 the majority of people70.

22、 by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself單獨的，獨自的，for oneself為自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自動的 The door opened of itself.71. at all, after allat all根本，全然, after all到底，畢竟 After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall常指人或動物，high常指物體 He is tall.73. fast, quicklyfast側重于指人或物體具有運動速度快的特點，

23、quickly側重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh具體的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of75. healthy, healthfulhealthy健康的，健壯的，healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡覺，asleep睡著，熟睡，只能做表語，sleepy困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleep

24、y.77. gold, goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金魚用gold fish a gold ring78. most, mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相當于very，當大部分，大多數(shù)解時是形容詞或名詞，mostly大部分,是副詞 most people, the people are mostly79. just, veryjust表強調時是副詞，作狀語，very表強調時是形容詞，用作定語 the very man, just the man80. wide, broadwide側重于一邊到另一邊的距離，broad側重于幅面的寬廣broad should

25、ers81. real, truereal真的，真實的，指的是事實上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事實和實際情況相符合 real gold, a true story82. respectful, respectablerespectful尊敬，有禮貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged 83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副詞，表示向外，外面，outward還可用作形容詞 an outward voyage84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定語，ple

26、ased, pleasing常用作表語，pleased主語常為人，pleasing主語常為物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.85. understanding, understandableunderstanding明白事理的，能體諒的，understandable 可理解的，能夠懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake86. close, closelyclose接近，靠近，closely緊緊地，緊密地 closely connected, stand close87. ill, sic

27、kill做表語，sick定，表均可 a sick boy88. good, wellgood形容詞，well副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞 He is well again.89. quiet, silent, stillquiet安靜的，可以發(fā)出小的聲音，silent不發(fā)出聲音，但可以動，still完全不動，完全無聲響 He stand there still. 他站在那兒，一動不動，也不說話。90. hard, hardlyhard努力，hardly幾乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.91. able, capable able與不定式to do連用，c

28、apable與of連用 He is capable of doing92. almost, nearly二者均為"幾乎,差不多" 和否定詞連用用almost almost nobody 93. late, latelylate遲，晚，lately最近，近來 I havent seen him lately.94. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live均為活著的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定語后置，live只能做定語，lively意為活波的 all the living people=all the pe

29、ople alive95. excited, excitingexcited使人興奮的，exciting令人興奮的 Im excited. The news is exciting.96. deep, deeplydeep具體的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep97. aloud, loudaloud出聲地，loud大聲地 read aloud(出聲地讀)98. worth, worthy二者均為值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done It is worth visiting. = Its

30、worthy to be visited. = Its worthy of being visited.99. bad, badlybad形容詞，badly副詞，不好，但與need, want, require連用為"很，非常" go bad I need the book badly. 100. before long, long beforebefore long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long101. quite, ratherquite完全地，相當于completely, rather修飾比較級 q

31、uite impossible102. happy, gladhappy高興，幸福，定表均可，glad高興，只能做表語 a happy girl103. instead, instead ofinstead是副詞，放在句首或句末，instead of是介詞短語，放在句中He didnt see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.104. too much, much tootoo much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，much too后接形容詞 much too heavy105. be about

32、to, be going to, be to dobe about to表最近的將來，后面不接時間狀語，be going to 側重打算，想法，be to do側重意志，計劃，安排Im to meet him.(含雙方事先約好的意思)106. raise, riseraise及物動詞，rise不及物動詞 The sun rises in the east.107. bring, take, carry, fetchbring拿來，take帶走，carry隨身攜帶，fetch去回這一往返動作 fetch a box of chalk108. spend, take, pay, costspend

33、人做主語，花錢，花時間; spendon sth./in doing sth; take物做主語，花時間; pay人做主語，花錢，pay for; cost物做主語，花錢109. join, join in, take part injoin加入某個組織，并成為其中的一員；join in參加小型的活動, join sb. in；take part in 參加大型的活動 He joined the army five years ago.110. learn, studylearn學習，側重學習的結果，study學習，側重學習的過程，研究 study the problem111. want,

34、hope, wishwant打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望（通?？梢詫崿F(xiàn)），hope to do/ hope that wish希望（通常不能實現(xiàn)）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.112. discover, invent, find outdiscover發(fā)現(xiàn)本來存在但不為人所知的東西，invent發(fā)明本來不存在的物體，find out發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明 At last he found out the truth.113. answer, replyanswer及物動詞，

35、reply不及物動詞，后接 to reply to the letter114. leave, leave forleave離開，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.115. rob, stealrob搶劫 rob sb. of sth.，steal偷 steal sth. from sb. 116. shoot, shoot atshoot射死，shoot at瞄準，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died.117. drop, falldrop及物不及物均可，fall不及物動詞 Prices fell/droppe

36、d. He dropped his voice.118. search, search forsearch后接地點，search for后接東西 He searched his pocket for money.119. used to, be used toused to過去常常，be used to習慣于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用來，后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early.120. win, lose, beatwin后接sth.，反義詞為lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them121. li

37、ve on, live bylive on以為主食，live by靠謀生 live on fish/ live by fishing122. beat, hit, strikebeat連續(xù)性地擊打；hit打中，對準打；strike打一下或若干下 beat the wings123. meet, meet withmeet遇到，meet with體驗到，遭遇到 meet with an accident124. lose, misslose失去（具體的物體），錯過 sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 想念，錯過sth. is missing, miss the

38、chance125. be tired of, be tired with/frombe tired of厭煩，be tired with/from因為而累了 be tired with/from running 800 meters126. care about, care forcare about關心，計較，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for關心，照料，喜歡，愿意 He doesnt care about his clothes. I dont care for movies.127. catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold不能和表示"

39、;一段時間"的狀語連用，而have a cold可以She has had a cold for a week.128. change for, change intochange for調換成，change into變成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.129. continue, last二者均為持續(xù)，continue主動，被動均可，last只能用主動 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.130. fe

40、ed, raisefeed喂養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活，飼養(yǎng) (to give food to)， raise飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育 (cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family131. go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo for a doctor去請醫(yī)生，go to a doctor去看病 132. notice, observe, catch sight ofnotice注意到，observe觀察，仔細地看，catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars133. insist on, stick toin

41、sist on堅持要求，后常接doing, stick to堅持, 后常接sth. stick to the plan134. look, seem, appearlook指從外表上看，seem指內心的判斷，appear指給人以表面的印象 appear wise, look like his father135. gather, collectgather把分散的東西集中到一起， collect指精心地、有選擇地進行收集 collect stamps136. mean to do, mean doingmean to do打算，想要做某事，mean doing意思是，意味著 By this I

42、 mean giving the students more practice.137. die from, die ofdie from表示死于（槍）傷，虛弱，過度勞累，飲食過度等，die of表示死于疾病，饑餓，寒冷，年老，憂愁，失戀等精神因素 die of hunger and cold138. pay for, pay back, pay offpay for為付錢，pay back還錢，但不一定還清，pay off還清 pay for the book, pay off the debt139. divide, separatedivide把一個整體分成幾部分，separate把連在

43、一起的個體分開 divide the apple, separate the houses140. arrive, get, reacharrive不及物動詞，后接in (大地點)，at(小地點)，get不及物動詞后接to，reach及物動詞 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing141. grow, plantgrow使某種植物在某地生長著或使其發(fā)展下去，plant移植，移栽已經長成秧苗的植物 plant the trees, trees are growing142. manage, trymanage to do設法做成了某事，t

44、ry to do盡力去做某事但不一定成功 He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.143. choose, selectchoose憑個人的判斷力進行選擇，select有目的地仔細認真地選擇 choose the best answer144. build, put up, set up, foundbuild一般用語，建成，put up臨時搭建，set up建成（內部的設施基本齊全），found國家或組織的建成 put up a tent, set up a school145. be familiar to, be familiar withbe

45、familiar to某物對某人來說是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物 The book is familiar to me. Im familiar with the book.146. agree with, agree to, agree onagree with同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree on在上達成一致意見，主語是復數(shù) agree with you, agree to the plan147. throw to, throw atthrow to扔到, throw at朝扔 He throw a stone at me.148. receive

46、, acceptreceive收到某一東西，但不一定接受，accept接受 I received a gift, but I didnt accept it.149. wear, put on, dresswear和dress表狀態(tài),wear接衣服等,可用進行時，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表動作 Its cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.150. listen, hearlisten強調動作，hear強調結果 I listened, but I heard nothing.151. look, see, watchlo

47、ok看的動作，see看的結果，watch強調所看物體的變化、移動和發(fā)展watch TV152. lie, laylie躺，位于(lay, lain),說謊(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book153. work as, act aswork as工作是，act as充當某種職務或身份，或扮演某種角色 He works as a teacher. He acts as an interpreter. 154. move, removemove動一動，但不一定移走，remove從一處移到另一處 remove the table to the kitc

48、hen155. hurt, injure, woundhurt感情上受傷，injure事故中受傷，wound戰(zhàn)爭中受傷 He was wounded in the war. 156. turn, get, growturn表突變，后常接表顏色的詞，get強調變的結果，grow強調過程，逐漸的變化 turn yellow, get tired, grow big157. close, shut, turn offclose和shut當關解時可以通用，用于可開合的物體，turn off用于指有開關的物體 Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV. 158. set

49、out, set about, set off指出發(fā)，著手解時，set out 后接 to do，set about 后接doing, set off 后接 for sp. 159. begin, startbegin側重時間的開始，反義詞為end，start側重由靜到動的轉折，反義詞為stop Class begins at 7:30a.m.160. happen, take placehappen偶然性的沒有預料到的事情的發(fā)生，take place必然性的發(fā)生 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 161. at, in (表地點)a

50、t小地點，in大地點 arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai162. at work, in workat work在工作，在上班，in work 有職業(yè)，有工作 Both my parents are at work. They are not at home.163. increase to, increase byincrease to增長到，increase by增長了 The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000.164. at ease, with easeat ease舒適地，安逸地；with e

51、ase容易地，無困難地 do it with ease165. day after day, day by dayday after day日復一日（無變化）；day by day一天天地（有變化）Trees grow taller day by day.166. like, aslike相似關系，但并不等同，as同一關系，兩者實為一體 Dont treat me as a child. (In fact, Im a child.)167. after, in (表時間)after接時間點，in接時間段 after 7:00, in five minutes168. between, amon

52、gbetween兩者之間，三者或三者以上兩兩之間, among三者或三者以上之間Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.169. after, behind (表位置)after強調次序的先后，behind強調物體靜態(tài)位置的前后 There are many trees behind the house.170. since, for (完成時間狀語)since接點時間或一句話，for接一段時間 for three years, since 3:00171. on the corner, in the corn

53、er, at the corneron the corner物體表面的角上，in the corner物體內部的角落里，at the corner物體外部的角落上（拐角處）on the corner of the table172. warn sb. of, warn sb. againstwarn sb. of提醒某人注意某事，warn sb. against提醒某人不要做某事 warm him against swimming in that part of the river173. at peace, in peaceat peace平靜地，in peace和平地 live in pe

54、ace with ones neighbors174. on earth, on the earth, in the earthon earth在世上，在人間，到底，究竟，一點也不，on the earth在地上，在地球上，in the earth在地下，在泥土里 no use on earth175. in surprise, to ones surprise, by surprisein surprise驚奇地，to ones surprise使某人吃驚的是，by surprise使驚慌 The question took the professor by surprise.176. in

55、 the air, on the air, in the skyin the air正在醞釀中，on the air播送，廣播，in the sky在天空中 His show is on the air at 6:00 tonight.177. in the field, on the fieldin the field在野外，on the field在戰(zhàn)場上 He lost his life on the field.178. in the market, on the marketin the market表示場所或地點，在市場上，on the market出售 He sells fish in the market. Fresh vegetables are on the market now.179. in the sun, under the sunin the sun在陽光下，under the s