初中英語定語從句

1、初中英語定語從句 定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。一關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語    從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例

2、如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）2）whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。 Please pass me the book whose （o

3、f which） cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語）二關(guān)系副

4、詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu) 交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。 Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫

5、助他的理由嗎？2）that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介 +which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。三判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還

6、是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用    關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記與你共事的日子。判斷改錯：（錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯） I will neve

7、r forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.（對） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副    詞。

8、例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?     A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one    例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.     A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A。例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a f

9、ew days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的    表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，    可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)

10、在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom,    that, which, whose）； 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 （ where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時間狀    語，why 原因狀語） 。四限制性和非限制性定語從句1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往 往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間 通常用逗號分開。例如： This is the house which we bo

11、ught last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）2）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garde

12、n. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單 數(shù)。例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.

13、液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。 說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。五介詞+關(guān)系詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互 換。例如： This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our c

14、lub? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？ Do you remember the day when you joined our club?六as, which 非限定性定語從句由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。as一般放    在句首，which在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very import

15、ant to us.太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?。典型例題1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he答案C。此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which。it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that

16、D. it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不    為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it答案B. as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個意思，且在定語從    句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：（1）a

17、s 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。（2）as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中         的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。    as 的用法例1 the sameas；suchas 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和一樣。例如：I have got into the same trouble as he （has）. 我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。例2 as可引導(dǎo)

18、非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.as是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。七先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一1） Whoever spits in public will be punished here. （Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）2） The parents will use wha

19、t they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）八what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如： What you want has been sent here. 你要的動詞都送來了。 Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我沒什么關(guān)系。2）who= the person that whoever= anyone

20、 who。例如： （錯）Who breaks the law will be punished. （錯）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. （對）Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，與庶民同罪。 （對）Who robbed the bank is not clear. 誰搶了銀行還不清楚。3）that 和 what 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語從句時，通常用作關(guān)系代詞，而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，是個不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接 詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的

21、具體成分，且不能省略。例如： I think（that）you will like the stamps. 我想你會喜歡這些郵票的。 What we need is more practice. 我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。九關(guān)系代詞that 的用法1）不用that的情況 a）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。例如：（錯）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b）介詞后不能用。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我們依賴土地獲得食物。We depend

22、 on the land that/which we get our food from.2）只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b）在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。 c）先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。 d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。 e）先行詞既有人，又有物時。例如：All that is needed is a suppl

23、y of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。  定語從句的概念在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行  詞的后面。二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that， which， who（賓格whom，所有格  whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where， when， why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行

24、詞及定語從句之間起連接作  用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。三、定語從句的分類 根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先  行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補(bǔ)充說明  作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 四、關(guān)系代詞的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。   例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗

25、喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語） The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語）2. which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.   位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語） The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語

26、）3. who， whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.   經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。（作主語） Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語） 注意：      （1）當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who， that， whi

27、ch可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時，           只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：   This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?#160;  Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.         

28、0; 請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：   This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。（3）that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：   The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用 

29、;         that，而不用which.例如：  He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。b.被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代          詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如： 

30、60;Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？ c.先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時，只能用          that，而不用w which.例如：  This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that， 而不用which

31、.例如：  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.          我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：  Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：&

32、#160; There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：a.先行詞為that， those時，用which， 而不用that.例如：  Whats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例如：  This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which， 而不用

33、that.例如：  Tom came back， which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。五、關(guān)系副詞的用法（1）when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：     This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時間。（2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如：     This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：

34、     Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.             沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。單項(xiàng)填空。1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？   -Yes， hes our headmaster.   A. he B. who C. which D

35、. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim？   A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.   A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？   A. that you bought      B. you b

36、ought it   C. that you bought it   D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.   A. which agrees    B. who agree   C. who agrees      D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missi

37、ng.   A. that    B. it    C. which    D.who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate   A. whos  B whose  C. that of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.   A. which； is B. whom； was C

38、. who； is D. who； was9. I love places _the people are really friendly.   A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world _ is made up of matter.    A. in that we live    B. on which we live    C. where we live in   D. we live in. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代

39、詞that， which， who， whom填空。1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _we live in is very old.5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with ju

40、st now？ 初中英語：定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure.   A. which        B. what      C. as         D. those2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?

41、   A. that         B. where     C. in which   D. the one3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?   A. that         B. where 

42、0;   C. which      D. the one4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?   A. that         B. where     C. which      D. the one5. The wolves hid themselves in

43、 the places _ couldnt be found.   A. that         B. where     C. in which   D. in that6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice.   A. at which      B.

44、 on that    C. in which   D. of what7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.   A. how you have observed     B. what you have observed   C. that you have observed    D. how that you have obser

45、ved8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.   A. because      B. why     C. that         D. whether9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week.    A. all which  

46、;    B. that      C. all that    D. which10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old.    A. whose       B. of which    C. in which   D. on which11. I have boug

47、ht the same dress _ she is wearing.    A. as          B. that         C. which     D. what12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry.   

48、0;A. which       B. it           C. that       D. what13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended    last night.    

49、A. which        B. whom      C. who       D. that14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister.    A. who is singing B. is singing   C. sang    

50、;  D. was singing15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.    A. learn         B. who        C. that learns D. who learn16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. 

51、0;  A. that against   B. that against C. who is against D. who are against17. Didnt you see the man _?    A. I nodded just now          B. whom I nodded just now    C. I nodded to him just now

52、60;  D. I nodded to just now18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?    A. that you talked           B. you talked about it    C. which you talked with     D. you talked about19. Is there a

53、nything _ to you?    A. that is belonged         B. that belongs    C. that belong              D. which belongs20. - “How do you like the book?” 

54、0;  - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.”    A. that     B. which    C. the one        D. the one what21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. 

55、;   A. the ones B. ones      C. some         D. the others22. The train _ she was travelling was late.    A. which B. where      C. on which     D. in that

56、23. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept.    A. where    B. in which    C. under which D. which24. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.      A. which   B.

57、where  C. that  D. about which25. Its the third time _ late this month.    A. that you arrived         B. when you arrived    C. that youve arrived     D. when youve arrived26

58、. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.    A. that       B. which       C. when     D. in which27. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget.&

59、#160;   A. which     B. when       C. on which D. about which28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents    and some relatives.    A. which   

60、0;  B. that        C. who      D. where29. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside.     A. we stayed at        B. where we stayed at     C. w

61、e stayed          D. in that we stayed30. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are produced?    A. in which   B. where    C. which    D. that31. It is the Suez Canal _ separates Asia _ Africa.

62、    A. which, to         B. where, from    C. that, from        D. that, with32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _ was a small canoe, with a boy    in i

63、t.    A. there      B. where     C. it     D. which33. He is not _ a fool _.    A. such, as he is looked      B. such, as he looks    C. as, as he is

64、looked        D. so, as he looks34. Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposal?    A. which      B. what     C. why   D. for that35. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from hi

65、s skin.    A. that         B. as      C. who    D. what36. He has two sons, _ work as chemists.    A. two of whom          B. both of w

66、hom        C. both of which          D. all of whom37. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.    A. who is     B. who am    C. that is &#

67、160;   D. what is38. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned.    A. who        B. that       C. from which D. from whom39. - Do you know the town at all?    - No, this is the

68、first time I _ here.    A. was      B. have been   C. came    D. am coming40. I dont like _ you speak to her.    A. the way       B. the way in that   C. the way which