2013年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略

1、09年中考英語單詞分類復(fù)習(xí)策略5    五、 連 詞        (一) 知識(shí)概要    連詞是一種在句子與句子之間,短語之間以及名詞等其他詞語之間起連接作用的虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞連接的雙方是對(duì)等的。常有的并列連詞有and, bothand, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, as well as等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致,意義有轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞有:but, ho

2、wever, while (而),only (只不過)。還有表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞,如:or, or else, otherwise 再有的是連接雙方,互為因果,或表示前因后果的連詞有:for, so, therefore (因此),then等。從屬連詞在初中范圍內(nèi)常常用來連接名詞性從句,如:that, if, whether, 其次用來連接狀語從句。其中有原因狀語從句,常用的連接詞有:when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 連接條件狀語的連詞有:if, unless, as long as 等,而

3、原因狀語的連接詞有because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點(diǎn)等狀語從句的連接詞有:so that, sothat, suchthat, asas, than, where 它們?cè)诰渥优c文章中幾乎無處不見。具體用法見下表。    連詞用法一覽表     種類 功用 例句     并列連詞  連接具有并列關(guān)系的 詞 He knows neither English nor French.     短語 Are you

4、 going by bus or on foot?     分句 Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming.      從屬連詞 引導(dǎo):  狀語從句  I'll do it as you told me.    You will be late unless you hurry.     連接代詞和連接副詞 主語從句  What he said proved true.&

5、#160;   When we'll start has not been decided yet.     表語從句  This is why he didn't come yesterday.    That is where he lives.     賓語從句 The man asked me which I liked best.    I can't understand why she is so late.

6、     關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞  定語從句  Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking.    He came last night when I was out.     (二) 正誤辨析    誤 Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now.    正 Neither

7、 of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now.    析 在英語中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意義也不同于漢語,如:Both of us are not right. 在英語中應(yīng)被理解為"我們倆不都對(duì)。"而Neither of us is right。 才能被理解為"我們倆無一正確"。    誤 He or his parents has some tickets for the film. 

8、0;  正 He or his parents have some tickets for the film.    析 由or 連接兩主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那一個(gè)主語保持一致。    誤 You should study hard, and you won't pass the exam.    正 You should study hard, or you won't pass the exam.    析 or作為連詞,這里的意思為&qu

9、ot;否則"。又如:Hurry up, or you'll be late for school.    誤 Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others.    正 Though he is poor, he is ready to help others.    正 He is poor, but he is ready to help others.    析 "雖然但是"是中文

10、中的常用結(jié)構(gòu),但在英文中用了"雖然"則不要用"但是",用了"但是"則不能再用"雖然",二者只可用其一。    誤 Either you or I are on duty.     正 Either you or I am on duty.    析 eitheror 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞與相臨近的一個(gè)主語相呼應(yīng),這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有or, neither nor, not onlybut also等。

11、0;   誤 Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now.    正 Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now.    析 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重復(fù),但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。當(dāng)你連接的是兩個(gè)系動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面的那個(gè)系動(dòng)詞不可省略,也就是講連接的部分不可省略。    誤 My fa

12、ther likes swimming and to collect stamps.    正 My father likes swimming and collecting stamps.    析 由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)部分要保持相等的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。如是動(dòng)名詞則都用動(dòng)名詞,如用不定式則都應(yīng)用不定式,這是初學(xué)者要注意的一點(diǎn)。    誤 My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework.    正 My father

13、is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework.    析 兩個(gè)并列句中間不可用逗號(hào)連接,要用并列連詞來連接。    誤 My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive.    正 My father asked me if I wanted to learn how to drive.    析 賓語從句的連接詞只能有一個(gè)不能重復(fù)使用。 &#

14、160;  誤 We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai.    正 We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai.    析 用bothand作連接詞時(shí),其相連接的部分結(jié)構(gòu)也要相同。    誤 Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance.    正 Not only Mary but also her brothers are g

15、oing to dance.    析 由not only but also連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),其重點(diǎn)在其后面的那一個(gè)主語,所以謂語形式應(yīng)采用就近原則。    誤 The teacher as well as his students are coming.    正 The teacher as well as his students is coming.    析 由as well as 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與as well as 后面的名詞無關(guān),而與前面的名詞相一致。

16、    誤 Tom does not swim nor play football.    正 Tom does not swim or play football.    析 nor主要用于連接句子的對(duì)等連詞,如在否定句中連接某一部分時(shí)要用or, 但要注意句子的含意,如:This animal does not like a cow or a horse. 這個(gè)動(dòng)物既不像牛也不像馬。This animal does not like a cow but a horse. 這個(gè)動(dòng)物不像牛而像馬。 

17、;   誤 For there is no light in the classroom. The students must have gone home.     正 The students must have gone home, for there is no light in the classroom.    析 由for引出的原因狀語從句在使用時(shí)要注意不能將該從句置于句 首,而應(yīng)置于主句之后,并在主句與從句之間加一逗號(hào)。更要注意的是because, as, since與for 4個(gè)表示原因的連詞中b

18、ecause是因果關(guān)系,是最強(qiáng)的一個(gè),而for是最弱的一個(gè)。有些語法書中干脆把for叫做并列連詞    誤 My brother will pass the English exam is no question.    正 That my brother will pass the English exam is no question.    析 主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that是不可省略的。這一點(diǎn)不要和賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相提并論。    誤 This map will show

19、you how will you get to the hotel.    正 This map will show you how you will get to the hotel.    析 名詞性從句作賓語從句使用時(shí),最重要的一點(diǎn)是要用陳述語句。特別要注意的是那些使用雙賓語的動(dòng)詞,如:tell, ask, show    誤 While the clock struch ten, all the lights went out.    正 When the clock

20、 struck ten, all the lights went out.    析 while是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在同時(shí)進(jìn)行中,如:While I am doing myhomework, my father is reading a newspaper. 而這里的when是"正當(dāng)某某時(shí)刻","就在這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上",其重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一特定時(shí)刻某動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。    誤 While I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend.&

21、#160;   正 When I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend.    析 這里用when表達(dá)在一個(gè)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行中,另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生了。正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作用一進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而突然發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)態(tài)。    誤 While I heard the bad news I felt sad.    正 When I heard the bad news, I felt sad.  

22、0; 析 while不能表達(dá)一點(diǎn)兒的時(shí)間,即瞬時(shí)某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。    誤 After school some students play football, or others go to the library.    正 After school some students play football, while others go to the library.    析 while在此處意為"而,然而"。    誤 She sang when sh

23、e walked along the dark street.    正 She sang as she walked along the dark street.    析 as用于句中時(shí),其要點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)進(jìn)行。這里用when雖然不能講是語法上的錯(cuò)誤,但則看不出來小女孩因獨(dú)自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。    誤 I finished my homework until twelve o'clock last night.    正 I didn

24、9;t finished my homework until twelve o'clock last night.    正 I did my homework until twelve o'clock last night.    析 until用在句中時(shí)其含義是某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某時(shí)結(jié)束,那么句中的動(dòng)詞則一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如果要用瞬間,或截止性動(dòng)詞時(shí)一定要用否定句式。因截止性動(dòng)作的否定式應(yīng)看作是持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。如離開leave是瞬間動(dòng)作,因一出門即為離開了,而不離開則是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的。   

25、 誤 I have studied English when I was twelve.    正 I have studied English since I was twelve.    析 since引出的時(shí)間狀語從句是表達(dá)了一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),而這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)是主句動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn),所以主句一般要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。    誤 Because he didn't study hard, so he didn't pass the exam.     正 He didn'

26、;t pass the exam because he didn't study hard.    析 because 與 so在英文中兩者不能并用的,只能在句中用其一。    誤 He was such excited that he could not speak.    正 He was so excited that he could not speak.    析 so與such的用法可以分為四種情況,用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,其格式是such+不定冠詞+形容詞

27、+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it. 也可以用so, 其格式是so+形容詞+不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:It was so beautiful a book that every child likes it. 在不可數(shù)名詞前或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前這時(shí)只能用such, 如:It is such good weather that we want to swim. 又如:They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. 在few, l

28、ittle, much, many 這4個(gè)字前只能用so而不能用such, 如:I have so much money that I can buy everything I want. 當(dāng)that前只有形容詞或副詞時(shí),這時(shí)只能用so, 如:She is so beautiful that every one likes her. He ran so fast that I couldn't keep up with him.    誤 He got up earlier this morning so as to that he could catch

29、 the first bus.     正 He got up earlier this morning so as to catch the first bus.    正 He got up so earlier that he could catch the first bus.    析 sothat與so that的用法有相同之處,那就是其后接從句,而so as to 其后要接不定式,即動(dòng)詞原形。這樣的詞組還有:in order to。    誤 I want to

30、 buy same stamp that you have.    正 I want to buy the same stamp as you have.    析 the sameas (that)這是個(gè)固定用法,在same前的定冠詞是不能少的。而the samethat意為"我要的就是那一個(gè)"。而the sameas為"要的是和一樣的東西"。    誤 Before I do not give you the answer, I'll ask you s

31、ome questions.    正 Before I give you the answer, I'll ask you some questions.    析 這種錯(cuò)誤是由于受中文的影響。在中文中可以講"我沒給你答案前"。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。    (三) 例題解析    1 We bought Granny a present, _ she didn't like it.   

32、A. but B. and     C. or D. so     答案 A.     析 由于句意的原因,應(yīng)選擇轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。    2 Run quickly, _ we'll miss the early train.    A. and B. but     C. so D. or     答案 D.     析 or這里應(yīng)譯為:否則。 

33、;   3 I'll give the book to him _ he comes back.    A. since B. as soon as     C. before D. until     答案 B.     析 as soon as 引出的時(shí)間狀語從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。    4 Don't cross the road _ the light turns green.

34、0;   A. when B. while     C. until D. as     答案 C.     析 until應(yīng)譯為"直到才",因?yàn)榍懊娴钠硎咕錇榉穸ň洹Ｓ秩?She did not go to bed until her mother came back. 應(yīng)譯為"直到她媽媽回來她才睡覺"。    5 Miss Gao has been a teacher _ 1990.  

35、60; A. before B. after     C. since D. in     答案 C.     析 因?yàn)橹骶錇橥瓿蓵r(shí),所以應(yīng)用 since表示該動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn)。    6 - Which would you like better, tea _ milk?    - Tea, please.    A. but B. and     C. or D. with  

36、   答案 C.     析 在疑問句與否定句中應(yīng)用or來表示一種選擇。    7 We love spring _ there's beautiful flowers every where.    A. though B. but     C. or D. because     答案 D.     析 因?yàn)檫@里表示的是因果關(guān)系。    8 Please

37、leave _ 700, then you'll be able to get _ there earlier.    A. till, in B. from, /     C. before, / D. behind, to     答案 C.     析 before為在700之前離開。    9 The teacher didn't begin the lesson _ all the students stopped ta

38、lking.    A. until B. after     C. if D. because     答案 A.     析 這句應(yīng)譯為"直到所有的學(xué)生都停止講話老師才開始上課"。因begin為瞬間動(dòng)詞,所以應(yīng)用否定句。    10 Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday _ she was ill.    A. but B. until &

39、#160;   C. if D. because     答案 D.     析 這里是表示因果關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用because。因?yàn)樗×怂晕慈タ措娪啊?#160;   11 You must start right now, _ you'll miss the train.    A. for B. and     C. so D. or     答案 D.    

40、析 or譯為"否則"。本句句意為:你必須馬上走了,否則要趕不上火車了。    12 _ he is a child of six, he can read and write.    A. Whose B. If     C. Though D. Because     答案 C.     析 這種狀語從句在英語中稱為讓步狀語從句,應(yīng)譯為:雖然他才是個(gè)6歲的孩子,他卻可以讀書和寫字。    13

41、I like fish, _ chicken, _ eggs.    A. and, and B. and, with     C. /, and D. and, /     答案 C.     析 在有若干個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí),每一個(gè)詞之間只用逗號(hào)連接,只在最后兩個(gè)詞之間加and。如:The old man passed the street, went into a shop and bought some food。    14 Take t

42、his dictionary with you _ you may use it in class.    A. when B. in order to     C. but D. so that     答案 D.     析 so that應(yīng)譯為"為的是"。本句句義為:帶上字典,為的是在上課時(shí)可能有用。而in order to 其后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式,如:Take this dictionary with you in order to use it in

43、 class。    15 I hope _ will be fine tomorrow.    A. it B. what     C. whether D. when     答案 A.     析 hope后接的是賓語從句,而且賓語從句中少主語,應(yīng)用it來代替天氣。    16 _ she was not well, I decided to go without her.    A. Though B. As     C. When D. Because of     答案 B.     析 as這里應(yīng)譯為"由于"。全句意為:由于她不舒服,我決定不帶她去了。而bec