學(xué)生成績(jī)管理系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)

1、算法與數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)課程設(shè)計(jì)名稱：學(xué)生成績(jī)管理系統(tǒng) 專 業(yè)：計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù) 學(xué)生成績(jī)管理系統(tǒng)一、 問(wèn)題的描述和分析1.1問(wèn)題的描述   隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的到來(lái)，管理信息系統(tǒng)在各行各業(yè)都越來(lái)越重要，特別是教育事業(yè)。在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家，許多教育機(jī)構(gòu)（如公辦、私立、培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)等），都投入了大量的資金開發(fā)MIS系統(tǒng)，以求在將來(lái)激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中立于不敗之地。在我國(guó)，民辦教育是新興的一個(gè)行業(yè)，是隨著改革開放和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展根據(jù)中國(guó)特有的國(guó)情發(fā)展起來(lái)的，特別是中國(guó)民辦教育促進(jìn)法的出臺(tái)，從一定的程度上規(guī)范和促進(jìn)了中國(guó)民辦教育的發(fā)展，這是一個(gè)很有發(fā)展前途的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，但是同發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家

2、相比，我國(guó)的民辦教育行業(yè)的信息技術(shù)的應(yīng)用程度還很低，只有在大城市中發(fā)展較早、規(guī)模較大的民辦院校中才使用計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行大規(guī)模操作，從各方面提高工作效率，取得良好的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，而一些新興的、規(guī)模較小的民辦機(jī)構(gòu)還沒(méi)有全部具備這種功能。因此可見(jiàn)，隨著我國(guó)民辦教育的迅速發(fā)展，信息技術(shù)在其上的應(yīng)用會(huì)更加地廣泛和深入。1.2現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)存在問(wèn)題的分析  有的學(xué)校根本就沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)，還是手工操作計(jì)算機(jī)日新月異的發(fā)展，但是有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)只見(jiàn)眼前利益，不關(guān)心，甚至不敢嘗試新興的事物。手工操作還十分落后，效率極低，成本很大，以后的社會(huì)是信息的社會(huì)，信息只有快，準(zhǔn)，精才能發(fā)揮其價(jià)值。   所以機(jī)器代替人力是必然

3、的歷史發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，只有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的重視和支持才能從人工操作改為計(jì)算機(jī)的自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)。人工操作必將被計(jì)算機(jī)代替。   有些學(xué)校雖使用了計(jì)算機(jī)，甚至管理系統(tǒng)，但是仍然存在很多問(wèn)題，問(wèn)題一日不解決，效率就一日提不上去。   還有，有的系統(tǒng)很不完善到處是漏洞，可以說(shuō)是千瘡百孔，這樣極不完善的系統(tǒng)能有保障嗎？所以制作一個(gè)完善的學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)是必不可少的。二、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)struct person char name20; long num; float math; float English; float chinese; float average; float sum;student;三、

4、模塊：學(xué)生成績(jī)管理系統(tǒng)模塊四、算法的設(shè)計(jì)1.在此成績(jī)管理系統(tǒng)中，要求用戶輸入的只是有字符型和數(shù)值型數(shù)據(jù)，所以我設(shè)計(jì)了下面函數(shù)來(lái)處理并對(duì)輸出的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。int N=0;Enter() FILE *fp; char ch; char ch2; char numstr20; struct person student2; clrscr(); fp=fopen("jie.txt","ab"); if(fp=NULL) printf("can't open this file.n"); printf("wait for a

5、 second with patience.nthe system is exiting.n"); getch(); exit(0); else do printf("your name:"); gets(); printf("nyour num:"); gets(numstr); student.num=atol(numstr); printf("nyour math:"); gets(numstr); student.math=atof(numstr); printf("nyour En

6、glish:"); gets(numstr); student.English=atof(numstr); printf("nyour chinese:"); gets(numstr); student.chinese=atof(numstr); student.sum=student.chinese+student.math+student.English; student.average=student.sum/3; fwrite(&student,sizeof(struct person),1,fp); N+; printf("Do you

7、 continue adding other students(Y/N)?n"); ch=getchar(); getchar(); while(ch='y'|ch='Y'); printf("Show all(Y/N)?n"); ch2=getchar(); getchar(); if(ch2='y'|ch2='Y') Listall(); fclose(fp); return_confirm(); clrscr(); 2.查詢學(xué)生記錄當(dāng)用戶執(zhí)行此查詢?nèi)蝿?wù)時(shí)，系統(tǒng)會(huì)提示用戶進(jìn)行查詢字段的選擇，即按學(xué)

8、號(hào)或按姓名進(jìn)行查詢。若此學(xué)生記錄存在，則會(huì)打印輸出此學(xué)生記錄的信息。Search() char choice; char ch1; char ch2; char ch3; char ch4; char name20; long num; char numstr20; clrscr(); printf("*WAYS OF SEARCHING*n"); printf("-n"); printf("* 1.name *n"); printf("* 2.num *n"); printf("-n"); p

9、rintf("give your choice:n"); choice=getchar(); getchar(); while(choice>'2'|choice<'1') printf("Sorry.your choice is wrong.nplease give a correct one:n"); choice=getchar(); getchar(); 3.根據(jù)姓名或?qū)W號(hào)進(jìn)行查找 switch(choice) case '1':do Loop1: printf("input

10、the name of students you want to search:n"); gets(name); Search1(name); printf("GO ON SEARCHING BY NAEM(Y/N)?n"); ch2=getchar(); getchar(); while(ch2='y'|ch2='Y'); printf("Search by other ways(Y/N)?n"); ch3=getchar(); getchar(); if(ch3='y'|ch3='Y&

11、#39;) goto Loop2; break; case '2': do Loop2: printf("input the num of students you want to search:n"); gets(numstr); num=atol(numstr); Search2(num); printf("GO ON SEARCHING BY NUM(Y/N)?n"); ch1=getchar(); getchar(); while(ch1='y'|ch1='Y'); Search2(long num

12、) FILE *fp; char ch; int flag=0; int t; clrscr(); fp=fopen("jie.txt","rb"); if(fp=NULL) printf("can't open this file.n"); printf("wait for a second with patience.nthe system is exiting.n"); getch(); exit(0); else flag=0; t=0; while(fread(&student,sizeo

13、f(struct person),1,fp) if(num=student.num) printf("namettnumtchinesetEnglishtmathsumtaveragen"); printf("%-10s%-6ld%-8.2f%-8.2f%-8.2f%-8.2f%-8.2fn",,student.num,student.chinese,student.English,student.math,student.sum,student.average); t=1; break; if(t=0) printf("

14、;Sorry.the student you are searching not existed.n"); rewind(fp); fclose(fp); Search1(char *name) FILE *fp; char ch; int flag=0; int t; clrscr(); fp=fopen("jie.txt","rb"); if(fp=NULL) printf("can't open this file.n"); printf("wait for a second with patienc

15、e.nthe system is exiting.n"); getch(); exit(0); else flag=0; t=0; while(fread(&student,sizeof(struct person),1,fp) if(strcmp(name,)=0) printf("namettnumtchinesetEnglishtmathsumtaveragen"); printf("%-10s%-6ld%-8.2f%-8.2f%-8.2f%-8.2f%-8.2fn",,studen

16、t.num,student.chinese,student.English,student.math,student.sum,student.average); t=1; break; if(t=0) printf("Sorry.the student you are searching not existed.n"); rewind(fp); fclose(fp); Delete() FILE *fp; struct person student130,student230; int i; int k; int j; int flag; char ch1; char na

17、me20; char ch; char ch2; clrscr(); fp=fopen("jie.txt","rb+"); if(fp=NULL) printf("can't open this file.n"); printf("wait for a second with patience.nthe system is exiting.n"); getch(); exit(0); else do i=0; j=0; flag=0; printf("input the name of stude

18、nts you are going to delete.n"); scanf("%s",name); while(fread(&student,sizeof(struct person),1,fp)=1) if(strcmp(name,)!=0) student2j=student; j+; else flag=1; printf("nametttnumtchinesettEnglishttmathtsumtaveragen"); printf("%-10s%-6ld%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.

19、2f%8.2fn",,student.num,student.chinese,student.English,student.math,student.sum,student.average); printf("Delete(Y/N)?n"); ch1=getchar(); getchar(); toupper(ch); if(ch='N') goto Loop; printf("j=%dn",j); k=j; i=0; fclose(fp); if(flag=0) printf("Sorry.

20、the student you are searching not existed.n"); if(flag=1) printf("Congratulation!you succeed!n"); fp=fopen("jie.txt","wb+"); if(fp=NULL) printf("can't open this file.n"); printf("wait for a second with patience.nthe system is exiting.n"); ge

21、tch(); exit(0); else i=0; do fwrite(&student2i,sizeof(struct person),1,fp); i+; while(i<k); Loop: getchar(); printf("Go on(Y/N)?n"); ch=getchar(); getchar(); while(ch='y'|ch='Y'); printf("Show all(Y/N)?n"); ch2=getchar(); getchar(); if(ch2='y'|ch2=&

22、#39;Y') rewind(fp); printf("nametttnumtchinesettEnglishttmathtsumtaveragen"); while(fread(&student,sizeof(struct person),1,fp) printf("%-10s%-6ld%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2fn",,student.num,student.chinese,student.English,student.math,student.sum,student.average);

23、 fclose(fp); return_confirm();4.修改學(xué)生記錄在修改學(xué)生記錄操作中，系統(tǒng)會(huì)先按輸入的學(xué)號(hào)或姓名查找該記錄，然后提示用戶修改學(xué)號(hào)或姓名之外的值，但學(xué)號(hào)或姓名不能修改。Revise() FILE *fp; char ch; char ch1; long offset=sizeof(struct person); int flag=0; char numstr20; char name20; clrscr(); fp=fopen("jie.txt","rb+"); if(fp=NULL) printf("can'

24、t open this file.n"); printf("wait for a second with patience.nthe system is exiting.n"); getch(); exit(0); else again: printf("name of rivesing student:n"); gets(name); do flag=0; fread(&student,sizeof(struct person),1,fp); if(strcmp(name,)=0) flag=1; printf

25、("the following is information of student being deleted:n"); printf("namettnumtmathtchinesetEnglishtsumtaveragen"); printf("%-10s%-6ld%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2fn",,student.num,student.chinese,student.English,student.math,student.sum,student.average); do print

26、f("*informations for revising*n"); printf("=n"); printf("# 1.name 2.num #n"); printf("# 3.math 4.English #n"); printf("# 5.chinese 6.total #n"); printf("=n"); printf("give a choice:n"); ch=getchar(); getchar(); while(ch>'6&

27、#39;|ch<'1') printf("Sorry.you put is wrong.nplease input another choice:n"); ch=getchar(); getchar(); switch(ch) case '1':ass_revise("name"); gets(); break; case '2':ass_revise("num"); gets(numstr); student.num=atol(numstr); break

28、; case '3':ass_revise("math"); gets(numstr); student.math=atof(numstr); break; case '4':ass_revise("English"); gets(numstr); student.English=atof(numstr); break; case '5':ass_revise("chinese"); gets(numstr); student.chinese=atof(numstr); break; c

29、ase '6':ass_revise("total"); gets(); ass_revise("num"); gets(numstr); student.num=atol(numstr); ass_revise("math"); gets(numstr); student.math=atof(numstr); ass_revise("English"); gets(numstr); student.English=atof(numstr); ass_revise("

30、;chinese"); gets(numstr); student.chinese=atof(numstr); student.sum=student.chinese+student.math+student.English; student.average=student.sum/3; printf("Continue revising the same student(Y/N)?n"); ch1=getchar(); getchar(); while(ch='y'|ch='Y'); fseek(fp,-offset,1); fw

31、rite(&student,sizeof(struct person),1,fp); printf("the following is information of student had been revised:n"); printf("namettnumtmathtchinesetEnglishtsumtaveragen"); printf("%-10s%-6ld%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2fn",,student.num,student.chinese,student.Eng

32、lish,student.math,student.sum,student.average); printf("Congratulation!you succeed!n"); break; while(fread(&student,sizeof(struct person),1,fp); rewind(fp); if(flag=0) printf("Sorry.the student of reving not existed.n"); printf("GO ON Revising(Y/N)?n"); ch1=getchar(

33、); getchar(); if(ch1='y'|ch1='Y') goto again; fclose(fp); return_confirm(); clrscr();5.對(duì)學(xué)生記錄進(jìn)行排序Order() FILE *fp; char ch; char ch2; int k; float a30,b30,c30,d30; struct person student130; int i; char ch1; fp=fopen("jie.txt","rb"); if(fp=NULL) printf("can'

34、;t open this file.n"); printf("wait for a second with patience.nthe system is exiting.n"); getch(); exit(0); rewind(fp); i=0; while(fread(&student1i,sizeof(struct person),1,fp) i+; k=i; do for(i=0;i<k;i+) ai=student1i.math; bi=student1i.English; ci=student1i.chinese; di=student

35、1i.average; printf(" *WAYS OF ORDER* n"); printf("=n"); printf("*1.math 2.English*n"); printf("*3.chinese 4.average*n"); printf("=n"); printf("please give a choice:n"); ch=getchar(); getchar(); while(ch<'1'|ch>'4') pri

36、ntf("Sorry.the date you input is wrong.nplease give another choice:n"); ch=getchar(); getchar(); switch(ch) case '1':Order1(a); break; case '2':Order1(b); break; case '3':Order1(c); break; case '4':Order1(d); break; printf("Congratulation!you succeed!n&

37、quot;); printf("Go on ordering(Y/N)?n"); ch1=getchar(); getchar(); while(ch1='y'|ch='Y'); printf("Show all(Y/N)?n"); ch2=getchar(); getchar(); if(ch2='y'|ch2='Y') rewind(fp); printf("nametttnumtchinesettEnglishttmathtsumtaveragen"); while

38、(fread(&student,sizeof(struct person),1,fp) printf("%-10s%-6ld%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2fn",,student.num,student.chinese,student.English,student.math,student.sum,student.average); fclose(fp); return_confirm(); Order1(float *p) FILE *fp; int i=0; int k; int j; struct person st

39、udent2; struct person student130; clrscr(); fp=fopen("jie.txt","r+"); if(fp=NULL) printf("can't open this file.n"); printf("wait for a second with patience.nthe system is exiting.n"); getch(); exit(0); else while(fread(&student1i,sizeof(struct person),1,fp) i+; k=i; i=0; while(i<k) for(j=i+1;j<k;j+) if(pi<pj) student2=student1i; student1i=student1j; student1j=student2; i+; rewind(fp); for(i=0;i<k;i+) fwrite(&student1i,sizeof(struct person),1,fp); fclose(fp);6.顯示學(xué)生記錄由于記錄顯示操作經(jīng)常進(jìn)行，所以我將這分由獨(dú)立的函數(shù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，減少代碼的重復(fù)