現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式完成式主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式

1、.現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式、完成式、主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式適用學(xué)科英語適用年級(jí)高三適用區(qū)域全國課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)（分鐘）1課時(shí)/60分鐘知識(shí)點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式、完成式、主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)：現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式、完成式、主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式方法：簡(jiǎn)明扼要的講解，并配套經(jīng)典習(xí)題的練習(xí)能力：提升對(duì)該現(xiàn)在分詞的熟練程度教學(xué)重點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式、完成式、主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式教學(xué)難點(diǎn)掌握規(guī)律，正確做題教學(xué)過程一、 課堂導(dǎo)入本堂知識(shí)是高考中比較重要的考點(diǎn)，也是各地?？嫉目键c(diǎn)，掌握好這章語法，不僅對(duì)做單選題有幫助，對(duì)于更好地理解完型、閱讀和寫作文都有幫助。二、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)上一單元的知識(shí)點(diǎn)之后，以達(dá)到復(fù)習(xí)的效果。然后給學(xué)生一些相關(guān)的單選或其他類

2、型題目，再老師沒有講解的情況下，讓學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考，給出答案與解釋，促進(jìn)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，同時(shí)老師也能發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的盲點(diǎn)，并能有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行后面的講課。三、知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式與完成式1【考查點(diǎn)】現(xiàn)在分詞一般式所表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語動(dòng)作詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)也可能略早于或遲于謂語動(dòng)作，但兩者之間沒有時(shí)間間隔；I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天找你。Dont you sit there doing nothing. 別什么也不干坐在那里。2【考查點(diǎn)】現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作。Not havi

3、ng finished his work，he could not leave the office. 由于工作沒干完他不能離開辦公室。Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again. 他已經(jīng)失敗了兩次，不想再試了。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式  主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語與現(xiàn)在分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞要用被動(dòng)式。如：Who is the woman being op

4、erated on? 正在動(dòng)手術(shù)的女人是誰?The subject having been opened，he had to go on with it. 話題已經(jīng)開始了，他不得不談下去。Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 這書因?qū)懙脗}促，所以錯(cuò)誤不少。注：由于過去分詞表示在謂語之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，且本身具有被動(dòng)意義，所以過去分詞只有一般式，沒有完成式；只有主動(dòng)形式，沒有被動(dòng)形式。四、例題精析【例題1】 _ which university to attend, the girl aske

5、d her teacher for advice.A. Not knowing   B. Knowing not     C. Not known    D. Known not【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。主語the girl與非謂語動(dòng)詞know之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞；且非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式應(yīng)在其前加否定詞。據(jù)此可知答案為A。此處分詞Not knowing在句中作原因狀語?！纠}2】 I got to the office earlier that day, _the 7:30 train fr

6、om PaddingtonA. caught   B. to have caught   C. to catch    D. having caught【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，因?yàn)槲亿s上了7:30的車，所以那天我更早地到了辦公室，可知趕車發(fā)生在到辦公室之前，且與主語I之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞完成體表主動(dòng)完成?！纠}3】 The sunlight is white and blinding,_hard-edged shadows on the ground. A. throwing 

7、; B. being thrown C. to throw  D. to be thrown【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。主語sunlight與throw shadows之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選A?！纠}4】 _ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached【答案】A【解析】考察現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示正在進(jìn)行或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。此時(shí)分詞的邏輯主語就

8、是主句的主語，因此要注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致性。五、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】1 _how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.A. Hearing         B. Hear            C. Having heard     D. To be hearin

9、g【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。需辨明句子結(jié)構(gòu)：句子謂語為creates，之前為主語，因此可以判斷是非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語，故選動(dòng)名詞做主語。2When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed,      me stories till I fell asleep.A. having told       B. telling         C. told

10、         D. to tell【答案】B【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處非謂語動(dòng)詞tell與主語my mother為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用telling作伴隨狀語。3、Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help?A. calling B. call C. to call D. called【答案】A【解析】該空在句中為非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)，根據(jù) someone與call的主動(dòng)關(guān)系排除D項(xiàng)。Hear后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)省略to，由此排除C項(xiàng)。由Listen可判斷此處表示正在求救，故選A項(xiàng)。4

11、_ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. A. Having eaten  B. To eat   C. Eat    D. Eating 【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：因?yàn)橐郧霸?jīng)在自助餐廳吃過，Tina再也不想在那兒吃了。動(dòng)詞eat與主語Tina之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)句中before可知需強(qiáng)調(diào)eat這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主動(dòng)詞之前，可知用現(xiàn)在分詞完成體Having eaten表主動(dòng)完成，作原因狀語。【鞏固】5Dina,_ f

12、or months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle【答案】C【解析】該空，分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，其邏輯主語Dina與struggle為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除B項(xiàng)。由劇中的finally可知非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語took a position之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成主動(dòng)式。6 She cant help the house because

13、 shes busy making a cake(上海99)Ato cleanBcleaningCcleaned Dbeing cleaned【答案】A【解析】cant help to do sth 是不能幫忙做. Cant help doing sth 是情不自禁.7The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner. A. standing   B. to stand   C. stands  D. stood 【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)在

14、分詞standing作bookshelf后置定語，表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行?！景胃摺?You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting -Well, now I regret that(NMET95) Ato do Bto be done Cto have done Dhaving done 【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)賓語。regret to do 表示"因要做某事而遺憾"(事情還沒有做),regret doing 表示"后悔做了某事"(為已經(jīng)做過的事而感到.) 9、Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ for her.A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was waiting【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此題there be句型的主語mail后接后置定語，wait與mail間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且wait這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故選C，現(xiàn)在分詞。10 Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake