譯林版五年級(jí)(上冊(cè))英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、實(shí)用文檔五年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、注意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)：1、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用于：How many后面； some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three后面；these/those后面all the后面； between后面跟一種物體時(shí)，這個(gè)物體用復(fù)數(shù) like 后面are前面的人稱和名詞用復(fù)數(shù): we/they/the children2、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則：1）一般直接+s：bears，students，2）以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加es：bus-buses， box-boxes，3）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕, 再加ies：librarylibraries

2、hobby-hobbies story-stories4) 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen, foot-feet, Child-children3、 不可數(shù)名詞: water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, bread(面包), rice(米飯), hair等等。二、注意一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)；(注：所有否定句、疑問句中，動(dòng)詞都用原形。)1、肯定句中哪些情況下用第三人稱單數(shù)： (俗稱：三單)1） 人稱代詞he, she, it作主語時(shí)；2） 單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語時(shí)；3） 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或

3、 this / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 作主語時(shí)；4） 不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)； 5、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時(shí)，等等。2、 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則如下： 1) 一般情況下,動(dòng)詞后面直接加s. 如：works / plays/ reads 2) 以s. x. sh. ch 或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在后面加es.例:teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes3) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞, 把 y變?yōu)閕, 再加es. 例：study- studies fly-flies carry-carries4）不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：havehas；beis

4、三、人稱代詞、名詞所有格及序數(shù)詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三主格IyouhesheItweyouthey賓格meyouhimherItusyouthem物主代詞my我的your你的his他的her她的Its它的our我們的your你們的their他們的1、主格用來作句中的主語，用于動(dòng)詞前面。例：They are doctors.2、賓格用來作句中的賓語，放在動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面。本冊(cè)書上出現(xiàn)的詞組： in front of her show her around push me teach you Whats wrong with him? write him a letter Heres a Chris

5、tmas card for you. Let me. chat with them on the Internet give it a cake 3、形容詞性物主代詞+名詞形容詞性物主代詞,之所以叫它們形容詞是因?yàn)樗麄儽仨毞旁诿~前面。4、名詞所有格 作形容詞性，表示所屬關(guān)系；在人名或稱呼后加s，以s結(jié)尾的，直接加。如：mothers，parents5、序數(shù)詞first-second-third-fourth 1) 序數(shù)詞一般要與the連用; 2）在某一層樓用介詞on。四、選擇和用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空1、哪些情況加動(dòng)詞原形 （注：有to時(shí)，to跟后面的動(dòng)詞原形放在同一空格）1） want to

6、+動(dòng)詞原形 2）would like to +動(dòng)詞原形 3）its time to +動(dòng)詞原形4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+動(dòng)詞原形 5）助動(dòng)詞（do, does , dont, doesnt）+動(dòng)詞原形6）let+動(dòng)詞原形 7）祈使句中動(dòng)詞用原形 (如Do your homework, please.)8）否定句在句首加Dont (如Dont do your homework, please)+動(dòng)詞原形2、哪些情況加動(dòng)詞ing1）like 2）go 3）be good at 4）be 5)后面跟名詞，如swimming lesson動(dòng)詞+ing變化規(guī)則如下:A、直接加上ing: draw-drawin

7、g play-playing read-reading B、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加上ingskate-skating make-making dance-dancing have-having come-coming write-writing C、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞要雙寫尾字母，再加上ing從單詞的末尾開始往前數(shù)符合“輔音-元音-輔音”結(jié)構(gòu)的。（注：詞尾是w和y的除外，如：drawing, playing等除外）; run-running sit-sitting put-putting chat-chatting get-getting swim-swimming stop-stopp

8、ing shop-shopping 3形容詞加名詞（形名） 如: a beautiful girl4動(dòng)詞加副詞（動(dòng)副） 如: swim well5Some和any用法:“some”一般用于肯定句，“any”用于否定句和疑問句。但在一些表示委婉請(qǐng)求，想得到對(duì)方肯定回答時(shí)也用“some”。(小技巧：末尾是句號(hào)，句中是any，那這句型是否定句)6There be 結(jié)構(gòu)就近原則, be動(dòng)詞的選擇取決于緊跟在后面的名詞數(shù)量。 如：There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.7樂器前加the, 球類前不加the. 如：play the pia

9、no, play football8. Who當(dāng)作特殊的第三人稱單數(shù) (Who sings well? )9. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成：1)主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。 2)主語+行為動(dòng)詞+其它。關(guān)鍵詞： always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, every (注：主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞加s, es或輔音+y時(shí)，把 y變?yōu)?i 再加es； 其他時(shí)候動(dòng)詞用原形 )10. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)關(guān)鍵詞：look, listen, now (注：be動(dòng)詞(is am are) +動(dòng)詞ing, 兩者缺一不可)11. and前后謂語動(dòng)詞一致。指當(dāng)句子中有兩個(gè)

10、或兩個(gè)以上的謂語動(dòng)詞共用同一個(gè)主語時(shí)，一般謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。She often goes fishing and takes photos. Lets go and have some chicken.12、相同意思不同用法的辨析：1）有； there is/are和have/has there is/are表示在某地有某物（或某人）；表示存在；there be就近原則；have/has表示某人有某物；表示所屬關(guān)系；前面必須有主語。2）也； too-either-also too用于肯定句和疑問句句末；either用于否定句句末；also用于句中。3）都； both-allboth用于兩

11、者都；all用于三者及以上都。4）好； good-wellgood+名詞； 動(dòng)詞+well。5) 和；with-andwith是介詞，意思是“和一起”，后面跟名詞或代詞的賓格。and 是連詞，意思是“和”， 用and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。五、句型轉(zhuǎn)換同義句：1. Its time for sth= Its time to do sth.該是時(shí)間了（注：for后面跟名詞；to后面跟動(dòng)詞原形）Its time for dinner.=Its time to have dinner.2. What time is it?=Whats the time? 幾點(diǎn)呢？3. The

12、re is(are) no(s)=There isnt / arent any 沒有4. have no= dont have（any）沒有They have no legs or arms. =They dont have any legs or arms.5. has no = doesnt have （any）沒有6. I like picnics. = I like having picnics. 注：like后面跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)或動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)詞+ing）7. show sth (某物) to sb(某人) = show sb (某物) sth(某人) 向展示東西 8. give sth(某物

13、) to sb(某人)=give sb (某物) sth(某人) 給人東西9. What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多么可愛的螞蟻啊10. That is Jans umbrella.= That umbrella is Jans. 那是杰的傘11. Whats wrong with him? = Whats the matter with him? 他怎么了？否定句1、有be動(dòng)詞（am, is ,are），be后直接加not (am not/ is not=isnt/ are not =arent); 2、有can，can后直接加not (c

14、an not=cant); 3、只有動(dòng)詞，在動(dòng)詞原形前加dont；三單動(dòng)詞前加doesnt, 動(dòng)詞變回原形。He does his homework. （改成否定句）He doesnt do his homework.一般疑問句: 用Yes或No回答的句子1、有be動(dòng)詞，be動(dòng)詞提前；2、有can或would，can或would提前；3、只有動(dòng)詞，句首加Do/ Does, 動(dòng)詞用原形；注意：Im 變Are you ; some變any; my變your; and變or .特殊疑問句： 有特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句There be句型提問：1、對(duì)數(shù)量提問：1）How many +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ are

15、there +介詞短語？（注：對(duì)there be后面可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問時(shí)，無論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都用復(fù)數(shù)形式提問）例: There are 24 classrooms in our school? / There is only one classroom in our school? (對(duì)劃線部分提問) How many classrooms are there in our school? （注：上面兩句提問，都是這句子） 2）How much +不可數(shù)名詞+ is there +介詞短語？例: There is some milk in the glass. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) How

16、 much milk is there in the glass?2、對(duì)主語提問there be 針對(duì)主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Whats +介詞短語？（注：對(duì)there be后面的主語提問時(shí)，無論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都用Whats提問）例：There are six books on the desk. / There is a book on the desk. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)Whats on the desk? （注：上面兩句提問，都是這句子）感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)：感嘆句常用how或what來引導(dǎo) （1）what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，最終修飾的是名詞（2）how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，最終修飾的是形容

17、詞/副詞 What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多么可愛的螞蟻啊！對(duì)劃線提問,疑問詞：What問什么； What colour 問顏色；What time 問具體時(shí)間（如幾點(diǎn)鐘）；when 問范圍廣的時(shí)間； where 問在哪里； How old問年齡； how many 問數(shù)量(可數(shù)名詞) ；how much 1）問數(shù)量（不可數(shù)名詞），2）問價(jià)錢； how about 問怎樣；who 問誰（人 ）； whose問誰的東西（問主人）； 同音詞：Bbebee, Cseesea, Rare, Ttea, Uyou, Ywhy, I-eye, too-

18、two-to, fourfor, herehear, theretheir, rightwrite, sunson, noknow, pairpear, itsits, buybybye, hihigh, wearwhere, arentaunt, whoswhose,近義詞(或同義詞)：Manylots ofa lot of, desktable, likelove, tallhigh nearbeside,tooalso, listenhear, looksee, classlesson, glasscup, homehouse, beautifulpretty, usually ofte

19、n, hihello, speaksaytalk, riverlake, would likewant, go home come home反義詞(或?qū)?yīng)詞)：yesno, thisthat, thesethose, herethere, gocome, openclose, bigsmall, fatthin, tallshort, longshort, blackwhite, happysad, hotcold, coolwarm, softhard, onunder, in front ofbehind, inout, boygirl, manwoman, wrongright, dow

20、nup, sitstand, easydifficult, take off(脫下) put on(穿上)完整形式：ImI am, werewe are, youreyou are, heshe is, itsit is, theresthere is, isntis not whoswho is, Letslet us, IdI would, cantcan not, dontdo not, doesntdoes not特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù)：manmen, womanwomen, policemanpolicemen, childchildren, footfeet, fishfish, peop

21、lepeople, Chinese-Chinese三單動(dòng)詞變化：特殊的：do -does；go-goes；have-has；teachteaches；watch-watches；wash-washes; push-pushes；brush-brushes; catch-catches；study - studies；fly-flies；其余的直接加s.動(dòng)詞變名詞:A. 一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后面直接加er。teach-teacher , workworker, play player, sing singer, find finderB.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加r。write writer, drive

22、driver, come comer, dancedancer C. 符合重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再加er。runrunner, beginbeginner, swimswimmerD. 部分單詞在詞尾加or。visit visitor， actactorE. 本身既是動(dòng)詞又是名詞。cookcook, doctordoctorCulture板塊: U1, U2, U3, U5, U6, U7.1). U1: Coffee is popular in Western countries. Tea is popular in China.咖啡在西方國(guó)家受歡迎。 茶在中國(guó)受歡迎。2). U2: In the UK, this is the ground floor. In the US, this is the first floor.在英國(guó)，這是一樓。 在美國(guó)，這是一樓。3). U3: You can see pandas in China. You can see bald eagles in the US.你在中國(guó)可以看到熊貓。 你在美國(guó)能看到禿鷹。 You can s