改錯題解題技巧

1、短文改錯題型及練習(xí)短文改錯考情預(yù)測1.短文改錯內(nèi)容仍將是貼近學(xué)生生活的話題以及社會熱點(diǎn)話題。體裁仍以應(yīng)用文、記敘文、說明文為主。2.仍將注重對習(xí)慣用語、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句型的考查，在強(qiáng)調(diào)對文章內(nèi)容整體理解的同時(shí)，對特定語境中閱讀能力的考查將進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。3. "136"一直為題型設(shè)計(jì)的準(zhǔn)繩，即：只有一行正確；缺詞和多詞共占三行；六行需要找出錯誤并改正。謂語動詞仍將是2006年短文改錯考查的重點(diǎn)，其次是非謂語動詞、形容詞、代詞、名詞等；對虛詞考查的比例仍不會減少，而且干擾的難度將有所增大，對考生邏輯思維能力的考查力度也將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)。4.短文改錯會基本保持平穩(wěn)，在設(shè)錯角度上仍會考慮中國考

2、生的思維習(xí)慣，從考生最易犯錯的知識點(diǎn)上進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。 命題會在進(jìn)一步淡化語法的同時(shí)，加大對篇章綜合的能力的考查力度。    下面具體從短文改錯題型、命題角度和解題思路幾個方面探討06年高考命題趨勢，幫助各位考生把握設(shè)錯規(guī)律，增強(qiáng)對錯誤表達(dá)的敏感度，提高改錯的準(zhǔn)確率?？键c(diǎn)一   錯詞錯詞的類型很多，具體參見下表：命題角度考點(diǎn)解題思路名詞冠詞判斷名詞前的冠詞是否誤用名詞名詞的數(shù)句中名詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)動詞動詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及主謂一致根據(jù)上下文判斷動詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)是否有誤、主謂搭配是否正確非謂語動詞分詞、動名詞、不定式根據(jù)上下文判斷非謂語動詞是否誤用代詞人稱

3、代詞的格、指示代詞及關(guān)系代詞與從句關(guān)系1.人稱代詞的格是否誤用 2.代詞前后指代是否一致3.定語從句中關(guān)系詞是否誤用形容詞、副詞詞法判斷句中形容詞和副詞是否誤用介詞慣用法慣用法中介詞是否誤用連詞句法判斷句中并列連詞、從屬連詞是否誤用 考點(diǎn)二  少詞（漏詞）漏掉的往往是冠詞、介詞、連詞等虛詞，這又與前后詞語的搭配有關(guān)。不是固定搭配的要特別注意行文習(xí)慣或者上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。請看下表：命題角度考點(diǎn)解題思路名詞冠詞名詞前是否缺冠詞不及物動詞介詞不及物動詞后是否缺介詞不定式小品詞"to"不定式中是否缺少了不該省的"to"被動語態(tài)助動詞被動語

4、態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中是否缺少了助動詞"be"母語遷移詞類用法將形容詞、副詞或介詞視作動詞，使句子缺少謂語動詞固定搭配慣用法慣用法中是否漏了不可缺少的詞        考點(diǎn)三  多詞多余的詞往往是結(jié)構(gòu)詞，如冠詞、介詞、副詞等。一種是根據(jù)涉及的名詞、動詞的特點(diǎn)、搭配和含義判斷是否多了冠詞、介詞或副詞。另一種是根據(jù)全句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，判斷是否多了連詞和其他詞。命題角度考點(diǎn)解題思路名詞冠詞抽象名詞，物質(zhì)名詞泛指是否多了冠詞動詞介詞及物動詞后受母語影響是否多了介詞不定式小品詞"to"不定式前是否多了

5、應(yīng)該省略的"to"時(shí)間狀語介詞時(shí)間狀語中是否多了介詞形容詞、副詞比較結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞、副詞比較結(jié)構(gòu)中是否多了相似詞固定搭配慣用法固定搭配是否"畫蛇添足" 常見的語義重復(fù)現(xiàn)象，不能與括號內(nèi)的詞并用。because-(so)though/although-(but)   repay-(back)repeat-(the same, again) return-(back)    combine-(together)     unite-(together) 

6、    hate-(very much)master-(well)   advance-(forward)     improve-(better)     sink-(down)renew-(again)  about/around-(or so)     walk-(on foot)       alone-(by oneself)still-(rema

7、in)   meet-(together)      no-(not any/not a )   think over-(carefully)(very)-perfect   (very)-excellent     (very)-tiny          (very)-hugecan-(be able to) be about to do-(at onc

8、e/immediately)  both-(equal, equally, together)   enter-(into)     take good care of-(carefully)應(yīng)用文押中指數(shù)【押題依據(jù)】英語應(yīng)用文是實(shí)用性較強(qiáng)的書面交際方式，是短文改錯中最常用的體裁，2004年全國卷（I、IV）均為應(yīng)用文體裁，其中2004年的全國卷和自主命題各省市卷（書面表達(dá)）是信件寫作，2005年短文改錯中書信、通知、日記將是主流。 押題一Dear Ron,I was exciting to hear that y

9、ou are coming                        1._to our school soon. Now let me to introduce our school                

10、  2._  to you. Our school is a famous school with long                        3. _history. We have many experience teachers and        

11、                 4._        excellent equipment. There are two teach buildings.               5. _There are too one

12、 lab building and one dorm                           6. _building. Except Chinese, maths, English, physics and           

13、;         7._chemistry, we still have some subjects. The students                      8. _can choose whichever they would like attend. We love 

14、                  9. _our school. I am looking forward to meet you soon.                      10. _Yours,

15、Li Hua 命題思路考點(diǎn)解題關(guān)鍵1分詞作表語的用法特點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的特征；而過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。2不定式作賓補(bǔ)的用法使役動詞作賓補(bǔ)不帶tomake（let ,have）somebody do表示"讓某人做某事"3考查冠詞冠詞形容詞名詞with a long history 表示"有很長的歷史"4考查形容詞形容詞用作定語與名詞作定語的區(qū)別experienced表示"有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的"；experience "經(jīng)驗(yàn)"名詞5考查動名詞動名詞作定語，表示功能或用途teac

16、hing building=building for teaching "教學(xué)樓"6考查副詞too，also在句中的位置too與also都表示"也"，都用于肯定句。too通常用于句尾，置于句中時(shí)，前后用逗號隔開；also一般用在be動詞之后或行為動詞之前。7考查介詞besides,except二者所表示的范圍besides包括在內(nèi)，另外還有；except 從整體中除去8考查still       設(shè)陷阱    正確9考查固定句式would like to dowou

17、ld like to do something表示"愿意干某事"10考查固定搭配look forward tolook forward to+名詞/ 代詞/ 動名詞，表示"盼望"之意答案：1.excitingexcited； 2.去掉第二個to； 3.在long 前加a； 4.experienceexperienced；5.teachteaching； 6.tooalso； 7.exceptbesides； 8. ;9.在attend 前加to；10.meetmeeting。 押題二Ladies and gentleman, may I hav

18、e your attention, please?   1. _All flights this morning have put off, because our air is      2. _covered with thick fog. As there is no windy, the weatherman   3. _is unable to tell when the fog will clear up. We cannot do   4. _anything but waiting. Please keep

19、in order and take good care 5. _of your baggage. Passengers, please dont leave for the waiting 6. _room. As soon as the weather turns favorable, and we shall announce 7. _flights. For passengers stayed at the airport, lunch is free. It will      8. _be served in the dining hall i

20、n the second floor from eleven oclock   9. _to one oclock. By the way, there is no planes to arrive within an hour.     10. _Thank you. 命題思路考點(diǎn)解題關(guān)鍵1考查名詞名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式Ladies and gentlemen是通知的常見開頭語2考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)根據(jù)語境判斷時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)由下句because可以推斷應(yīng)當(dāng)用have been put off3考查名詞there be 后跟名詞作主語windy 為形容詞，名詞形

21、式為wind4正確  5考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)搭配dont do anything but do/ do nothing but dobut 后面的動詞形式：若but前出現(xiàn)do （did ，done），其后用動詞原形，否則，用to do形式6考查動詞短語leave some palce和leave for .的區(qū)別  根據(jù)語境，不要離開候機(jī)大廳，leave some place表示"離開某地"；leave for.表示"離開到某地"7考查復(fù)合句解決連詞重復(fù)問題as soon as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，and 在此重復(fù)8考查分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作

22、定語強(qiáng)調(diào)主動The passengers staying at the airport可以轉(zhuǎn)化為The passengers who are staying at the airport9考查介詞短語搭配on the second floor floor 是最關(guān)鍵的主體名詞10考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)搭配there be 應(yīng)當(dāng)與后面的名詞形式一致    there is+單數(shù)名詞；there are+復(fù)數(shù)名詞        答案: 1.gentlemangentlemen；2.在have和put之間加bee

23、n ；3.windywind   ；4.；  5.waitingwait ；6.去掉 for；      7.去掉 and     ；8.stayedstaying            ；9.inon     ；  10.isare 或 planesplane。記敘文押中指數(shù)【押題依據(jù)】記敘文是中學(xué)生短文改錯的重要文

24、體，可考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)變化，上下文一致等，其中2002、2003、2004年全國卷均為記敘文。2005年高考這種體裁的出現(xiàn)率極高。在復(fù)習(xí)備考過程中，要高度重視！ 押題一A special way of thanksOne day some people on the shore listened shouts1._for help. They ran up to the sea. A soldier jumped 2._into the water and ran to the man. He was a good3._   swimmer and soon pul

25、led the man back the shore. Now   4._everyone saw that what the man was a very rich man. 5._He went to the soldier, taking out a shilling(先令) 6._  and gave it to him. And the soldier refused to take 7._  it and went far away. The people there were very  8._   

26、  angry with the young man. And an old woman said  9._  laughing, "Im sure that the rich man knows how much  10._his life is worth!" Everyone there agreed with the woman and laughed too.  命題思路考點(diǎn)解題關(guān)鍵1考查動詞listen to和hear 的區(qū)別listen to強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；hear強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。"一天岸上的一些人聽見呼救聲&q

27、uot;，表示結(jié)果2考查副詞up和down的用法區(qū)別及根據(jù)文章語境靈活運(yùn)用詞語的能力down表示由高向低，由北向南, 文章意思是"由岸上向海灘跑去"，表示由高處向低處3考查語言運(yùn)用能力根據(jù)語境判斷常識能力由上句跳入水中可推斷是向落水者游去，而不是跑4考查動詞短語的搭配pull.back to   向岸邊拉為"pull.back to"，類似結(jié)構(gòu)go back to5考查復(fù)合句的連詞解決連詞重復(fù)問題此句為賓語從句,用that引導(dǎo),無詞義，what多余6考查語法一致并列謂語時(shí)態(tài)一致問題由and可知took應(yīng)與went，gave時(shí)態(tài)一致7考

28、查連詞根據(jù)語境判斷邏輯關(guān)系根據(jù)文意"富人想回報(bào)救命恩人，但是遭到拒絕"，是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用But8考查動詞短語go away 固定搭配go away表示"離去"，far 在此短語中起干擾作用9考查通篇理解能力理解全文內(nèi)容，綜合判斷用詞錯誤孤立地看這一句是沒有錯誤的，但是通讀全文可知應(yīng)是"富人"而不是"年輕人"10綜合分析判斷能力there ,too 是干擾點(diǎn)通讀全文，綜合分析可知此行正確答案：1.listenedheard2.updown3.ranswam4.back后加to5.去掉what6.takingtook7

29、.AndBut8.去掉far9. youngrich10. 押題二An unforgettable experienceWhen I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing  in the tests. I was feeling very nervous. I had not studied 1._     at all at the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test.  2._I went throu

30、gh the test for many times but I could only answer 3._    three out from the twenty questions. I did not want to fail  4._ the exam. Then, I put my book under my desk, opening it        5._     and started looking for th

31、e answer. The teacher wasnt           6._    looking at me ,but I copied something. Suddenly, I felt a hand      7._   on my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating. I dont    

32、60; 8._know what to say. Luckily, the teacher did not punish for        9._cheating but instead gave me a second chance.               10._ 命題思路考點(diǎn)解題關(guān)鍵1考查動詞短語hand in 和hand out 的區(qū)別hand in 交納，上

33、交；hand out 分發(fā)，此處是"分發(fā)試卷"2考查冠詞可數(shù)名詞前一般要用不定冠詞test為可數(shù)名詞，又是第一次提到，前面要加an3考查介詞many times 作狀語many times 作狀語時(shí)，其前一般沒有介詞for4考查短語搭配out of 固定短語three out of the twenty questions 20個問題中的三個5考查語法一致并列謂語時(shí)態(tài)一致由and可知open應(yīng)與put, started時(shí)態(tài)一致6考查名詞在語境中的應(yīng)用根據(jù)文意判斷名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一次考試中會出現(xiàn)多道題目，因而會有多個答案，用復(fù)數(shù)7考查連詞根據(jù)上下文判斷邏輯關(guān)系"老師沒看我

34、，因此我才抄"是因果關(guān)系8考查時(shí)態(tài)整篇文章敘述時(shí)所用的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系整段文章都用的是一般過去時(shí)9考查動詞用法及物動詞后要跟賓語punish是一及物動詞，后面需要有賓語10考查綜合判斷能力故意設(shè)陷阱此行正確 答案：1.inout2.be后加an3.去掉for4.fromof5.openingopened6.answeranswers7.butso8.dontdidnt9.punish后加me10 押題三   I went to the Summer Palace last  week. At the gate I happened to me

35、et some American tourists. I greeted to 1._them in English and then we began to chat. I got know 2._that they were college students travel in China.Most of 3._them were fond of Chinese medicine. They are busy taking 4._pictures and were much impressed with the changes that   5._had been ta

36、ken place in the past few years as well. After 6._that, we went boating on a lake and having a good time.  7._We exchanged our email address so that we could write to  8._each other in future. They thanked us again and again. I  9._was very glad to have a chance to practicing my oral

37、English. 10._ 命題思路考點(diǎn)解題關(guān)鍵1考查動詞greet的用法greet及物動詞，greet somebody問候某人2考查動詞短語get to knowget to know 漸漸了解3考查非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)分詞短語作后置定語college students traveling in China=college students who are traveling in China4考查時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)語境判斷時(shí)態(tài)由上下文可知，敘述過去的經(jīng)歷，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)5考查動詞短語be muchimpressed with前后時(shí)態(tài)一致6考查特殊動詞短語take place的特殊用法take pla

38、ce 沒有被動語態(tài)形式7考查并列謂語結(jié)構(gòu)并列謂語時(shí)態(tài)一致由and可判斷出是并列謂語8考查名詞的數(shù)根據(jù)語境判斷名詞單復(fù)數(shù)雙方交換地址應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)9考查代詞根據(jù)語境判斷代詞是否誤用根據(jù)文章意思應(yīng)是"感謝我"，用me10考查動詞不定式動詞不定式作定語的用法有練習(xí)說英語的機(jī)會have a chance to practise my oral English 答案：1.去掉第二個to2.know前加to3. traveltraveling4.arewere5.6.去掉been7.havinghad8.addressaddresses9.usme10.practicingprac

39、tise 押題四One night,a thief broke in an old mans house. He made         1._a voice and woke up the old man and his wife.The husband     2._told his wife to keep silence. Then he said loudly,"y dear，    3._these days t

40、hieves are clever，if they took off their clothes and    4._put them on the table，the people in the room will fall sleep      5._and cant wake up."When the thief heard this, he took off        6._his clothes at once and w

41、as ready to setting out to work. At       7._this moment, the husband suddenly shouted in loud voice        8._"Stop, thief! Stop, thief!" The thief was frightening. He ran        9._away as

42、 fast as he could and leaves his clothes on the table.      10._ 命題思路考點(diǎn)解題關(guān)鍵1考查動詞短語break in與break into的區(qū)別break into"破門而入"，后接賓語；break in"闖入、打斷、插嘴"2考查名詞的區(qū)別和用法區(qū)別sound與voicesound指各種聲音； voice指說話聲,嗓音，此處指弄出的聲響3考查動詞短語系動詞+表語keep silent為固定短語"保持沉默"4考查時(shí)

43、態(tài)主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)此處為直接引語,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)5考查動詞短語fall asleep入睡區(qū)別sleep與asleep的用法6考查復(fù)合句時(shí)態(tài)是考查的重點(diǎn)正確7考查動詞短語區(qū)別be ready to與be ready forbe ready to do something 準(zhǔn)備做某事；be ready for+n/doing something8考查名詞和冠詞可數(shù)名詞前用不定冠詞voice為可數(shù)名詞, shout in a loud voice"大聲喊"9考查分詞的使用現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的特點(diǎn)和用法frightening令人害怕，修飾物；frightened

44、感到害怕，與人有關(guān)10考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)語言環(huán)境，判斷時(shí)態(tài)本文敘述一件過去發(fā)生的事，主要用一般過去時(shí)答案：1. ininto2. voicesound3. silencesilent4. tooktake5. sleepasleep6. 7.settingset8. loud前加a9. frighteningfrightened10. leavesleft說明文押中指數(shù)【押題依據(jù)】2004年全國卷體裁為說明文（因特網(wǎng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)）。說明文通常是反映時(shí)代發(fā)展、歌頌時(shí)代變化及社會熱點(diǎn)問題。如：自然資源保護(hù)、環(huán)境、人口等。 押題一Man depends water for many years.

45、 He needs it for drinking.      1._He needs it for growing food. He needs it for keeping him clean    2._and free from illness. He needs it more and more water for        3._industry. People often forget what necessary water

46、is for industry.   4._Imagine, for example, a large quantity of water is using by great    5._cooling towers of a steel plant. The demand of water is growing     6._every day. It is close connected with the increasing population    

47、60; 7._and with the pressing problem of provide enough food.           8._But the world has not yet found way of storing enough           9._water to satisfy all these important needs.  

48、0;                  10._ 命題思路考點(diǎn)解題關(guān)鍵1考查動詞短語depend ondepend on +名詞"依賴"2考查動詞短語keep+反身代詞+adj.keep oneself clean保持自身清潔3考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)賓語it重復(fù)more and more water作needs的賓語，it多余4考查感嘆句的引導(dǎo)詞what和how引導(dǎo)感嘆句的用法區(qū)別文中necessary為形

49、容詞，what應(yīng)用來修飾名詞，how用來修飾形容詞或副詞5考查動詞語態(tài)根據(jù)語境判斷語態(tài)"水"與"使用"是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞used6考查介詞demand與介詞for搭配of 表示所屬關(guān)系7考查副詞closely表示抽象意義be closely connected with 與有密切關(guān)系8考查介詞的搭配of 后跟動名詞,構(gòu)成介詞短語provide 在句子中是介詞of的賓語，應(yīng)該用動名詞9考查名詞和冠詞可數(shù)名詞前要加冠詞way辦法，是可數(shù)名詞，如果是單數(shù)，前面應(yīng)用冠詞a或the；否則就應(yīng)以復(fù)數(shù)形式ways出現(xiàn)10考查綜合運(yùn)用能力限定詞的排列正確

50、0;答案：1.depends 后加on2.himhimself3.刪去videproviding9.way前加a/the10. 押題二As the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send    1. _electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Years time. Comparing with  

51、0;  2. _the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively, for you  3. _can get not only pictures but also the background music and even animated     4. _cartoons. Otherwise, its faster to send an electronic card. There are many   &#

52、160; 5. _web sites on line which different varieties of cards are available. You can      6. _choose one you like best for your friend and relatives. If none of these cards    7. _are of any interest to you, you can design cards of unique style use  

53、          8. _FLASH or other software. More importantly, because the popularity of        9. _electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards, it contributes      10. _to environmenta

54、l protection. 命題思路考點(diǎn)解題關(guān)鍵1考查介詞的搭配with后跟名詞短語，as后跟句子with the development of 隨著的發(fā)展2考查非謂語動詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)主動與被動是考慮的重點(diǎn)根據(jù)句意,要使用被動形式compared3考查多音節(jié)形容詞比較級結(jié)構(gòu)more用在多音節(jié)形容詞前此行只起干擾作用,沒有錯誤4考查冠詞物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前不用冠詞background music背景音樂5考查連詞根據(jù)語境判斷邏輯關(guān)系besides ,moreover再者,另外6考查關(guān)系詞where作狀語which限定名詞7考查名詞的數(shù)并列名詞的數(shù)要一致your friends and re

55、latives您的親朋好友8考查分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語using作后置定語修飾style9考查連詞的使用區(qū)別because和because of由于是名詞短語,所以應(yīng)該用because of10考查非限制性定語從句判斷非限制性定語從句的依據(jù)由該句中逗號可以判斷出是非限制性定語從句答案：1.AsWith2.ComparingCompared3. 4.去掉the5.OtherwiseBesides/Moreover6. whichwhere7 friendfriends8. useusing9. because后加of10.itwhich 押題三The size and shape of

56、 your ears show your character much        1._than any other part of the faceReading peoples character from their ears are an old science   2._In past，people thought that a person with big ears had a       3._well and pleasan

57、t characterThey thought a person with pale and  4._small ears was dangerousHe also thought the shape of the ear   5._showed that whether a person was musical or not              6._Ears are all differentLast time you loo

58、k at a person，see if      7._his or her ears are red and paleEars that are red mean that a      8._person may have high blood pressure (壓力). Ears that are       9._always cold and pale mean that a person had a nervous ch

59、aracter10._And a big hole inside the ear means a person may be musical 命題思路考點(diǎn)解題關(guān)鍵1考查程度副詞than 是考慮的重點(diǎn)more than 是解題的關(guān)鍵2考查主謂一致動名詞短語作主語的用法reading peoples character動名詞短語作主語,謂語用單數(shù)形式3考查冠詞in the past 在過去 名詞前的冠詞是考慮的重點(diǎn)4考查形容詞并列形容詞作定語and連接兩個并列的形容詞5考查代詞根據(jù)上下文,注意代詞的一致上文they已經(jīng)暗示6考查連詞連詞重復(fù)問題that與whether重復(fù)7考查語言運(yùn)用區(qū)

60、別last time和next time next time表示"下一次、今后"，last time表示"上次"8考查連詞區(qū)別and, or的用法由句意可判斷用or9考查冠詞易在high前誤加a此行正確10考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)分析全句主體時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主 答案： 1.muchmore2.areis3.past前加the4.wellgood5.HeThey6.去掉that7.LastNext8.andor9.10.hadhas議論文押中指數(shù) 【押題依據(jù)】高考短文改錯體裁也采用議論文，其內(nèi)容涉及日常生活、社會熱點(diǎn)、習(xí)俗等等。 押題一

61、 Though great progress has been made in science these years,there      1._are still many people living in poor conditions. They make their lives    2._by collecting and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school   3._because they hav

62、e not enough money to send their children to there.      4._Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now?           5._The answer lies on the population explosion. A president      

63、         6._of a developing country once said, "It is us who are to blame for         7._the poverty because we used to produce child without limit."           8._Althou