沈陽高中英語家教吳軍精品詞匯歸納教案A12

1、To: 2010年 月 日 VIP學(xué)員補(bǔ)課專用高考英語考點(diǎn)詞匯精講A-12鐵西區(qū)Peter精品高分英語家教編人：吳軍動(dòng)詞詞義辨析動(dòng)詞辨義主要指：1、形狀相同的動(dòng)詞之間辨義：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat2、意義相近的動(dòng)詞之間辨義：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish3、動(dòng)詞與其它詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨義。advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 4、意義不同，容易混淆的動(dòng)詞的辨義：explain, say; disc

2、over, invent, uncover; find, find out5、某些常用動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨義。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用動(dòng)詞短語的辨義。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。（一）易混動(dòng)詞1、lay（放）, lie（躺）與lie（說謊）：這三個(gè)易混動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成見下表：中 文原 形過 去 式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞說 明放laylaidlaidlaying及物動(dòng)詞躺lielaylainlying不及物動(dòng)詞說謊li

3、eliedliedlying不及物動(dòng)詞2、rise和raise：rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過去式是rose，過去分詞是risen，而raise是及物動(dòng)詞，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。3、hear與listen to：hear側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到，聽見什么，而listen to是側(cè)重于聽的傾向，但hear用于無意中的聽見，而listen to卻用于集中注意力的聽。4、see, watch和look：see用作看電影，劇目；watch則用作看電視比賽，而watch還有在旁觀看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，只是當(dāng)盯著某人看時(shí)用作及物動(dòng)詞，如：T

4、he little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯著我的臉。）5、wind和wound：wind意為蜿蜒而行，其過去式與過去分詞都是wound，而動(dòng)詞原形wound意為傷害，其過去式、過去分詞都是wounded。6、hang的用法：hang有兩個(gè)意思：一為懸掛，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過去式、過去分詞都是hung；二為絞刑，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。 7、hear的過去分詞born與borne：bear作為出生講有兩個(gè)過去分詞born，borne。只有當(dāng)be+born短語后沒有by介詞短語時(shí)，才可用born。如:He was born in Sha

5、nghai. 而作它用時(shí)要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受講，則一律用borne。8、sit與seat：seat為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是作容納講，sit只是表示一動(dòng)作。seat如果表示就座時(shí)要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair. 9、borrow, lend與keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但這兩個(gè)詞都是截止性動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能用于長時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，所以我能借多久應(yīng)用keep

6、。 10、win與beat：win作勝、贏講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已說服他了，我贏得他的好感。而beat是及物動(dòng)詞為擊敗、勝過講，直接接人、隊(duì)。 11、steal與rob：steal為偷。rob為搶，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+搶的物品。 12、fit與suit：fit與suit均可作合適講，但英文中卻用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合適，而su

7、it則多用于顏色式樣的合適。 13、take, bring 與fetch：英文中拿三個(gè)詞，即拿來，拿去，去取然后回來(即雙程)。所以拿來，帶來是bring，拿去帶走是take，而去取回來是fetch。 14、shut與close：shut與close有時(shí)是可以互換的，但有些地方則不可這樣做。如:在正式場合多用close，而在命令，態(tài)度粗暴的場合則用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(閉嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指鐵路、公路交通關(guān)閉或停止使用的場合，則要用close。 15、answer與reply：作為回答講answer是及物動(dòng)詞，如作不及物動(dòng)詞，則意義不同，如answer

8、for，意為向某人或向某事負(fù)責(zé)。而reply作回答講是不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟賓語時(shí)，要加上to。 16、reach，arrive與get to：reach當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)講是及物動(dòng)詞，而當(dāng)延伸和拿得到、拿不到時(shí)講，則是不及物動(dòng)詞。作到達(dá)講時(shí)還有g(shù)et to, arrive(at/in)。 17、cost，spend與take：英文中花費(fèi)有三個(gè)詞cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花費(fèi)”講，主語不能是人，而spend的主語不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花費(fèi)講時(shí)，可用人也可用物做主語。更多的用法是用形式主語it，如It

9、 takes me three hours to finish this work. 18、lost, gone與missing：作補(bǔ)足語時(shí)意為丟失、不見了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss時(shí)則不能用missed, 而要用missing. 19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服講的動(dòng)詞分為狀態(tài)和動(dòng)作兩種。have on與wear作穿著狀態(tài)講;但have on不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而wear則常要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。put on是動(dòng)作，但dress既可用作狀態(tài)，又可用作穿衣動(dòng)作，但用作狀態(tài)時(shí)要用其過去分詞作形容詞如:He was dressed in a b1ue s

10、uit作動(dòng)作講時(shí)，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物的名詞，如：I dress my children in the morning every day.20、begin與start begin與Start 均可作開始講，并無多少區(qū)別，同樣可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，但在下面的場合多要用Start：1)機(jī)器的開動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)；2)旅途的開始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。 21、allow 與permit allow與permit其后直接接動(dòng)作時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，如接人后再接動(dòng)詞則要用

11、不定式，所以用在被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit. 22、find與foundfind找到的過去式和過去分詞都是found，而found是動(dòng)詞“建立”的原形，其過去式和過去分詞是founded，founded，如：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 與tellspeak, talk多用作不及物動(dòng)詞，但speak后加語言名詞時(shí)則用作及物動(dòng)詞，如：Please speak English。而say與tell是及物動(dòng)詞，其中tell常用作接

12、雙賓語，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的習(xí)慣用法，如：在作講實(shí)話，講謊言，表示時(shí)間常用單賓語而不能換其它詞，如：My watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly。在書信、便條、海報(bào)上寫著英文應(yīng)為It said 。在作辨別不同講時(shí)是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而講別人好壞話時(shí)用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son.。24、excuse me 與sorryexcuse me用于來打攏對(duì)方前

13、以提醒對(duì)方注意的提示語，而sorry則表達(dá)因作了某事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?5、care for 與care to docare for其后要接不定式時(shí)則要省去for或換用名詞，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顧講時(shí)與look after相同。 26、與名詞易混的動(dòng)詞有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(

14、n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27、意義相近的動(dòng)詞：ring搖鈴，打鈴，電話鈴響，strike專指敲鐘，打幾點(diǎn)，撞擊；suggest提出實(shí)驗(yàn)性或推測性的建議，advice表示對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足人的一種忠告；look由視覺得出的印象，seem暗示一定根據(jù)的判定，appear外表印象而實(shí)際或結(jié)果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遺物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（發(fā)現(xiàn)）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的東西，invent（發(fā)明）研制出不存在的東西；remember記憶起以前經(jīng)歷或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。28、動(dòng)詞 + 副詞 + 介詞：catc

15、h up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with 29、動(dòng)詞 + 介詞to的詞組有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to 30、與in相結(jié)合的動(dòng)詞有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill i

16、n, trade in （二）動(dòng)詞短語 動(dòng)詞短語是指動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動(dòng)詞短語的測試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。需掌握以下要點(diǎn)：1、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語的不同特點(diǎn)，掌握其運(yùn)用規(guī)律。 (I)動(dòng)詞+副詞(不及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚會(huì)后，人們都離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。 (2)動(dòng)詞+副詞(及物) Please turn every light in the house off. 請(qǐng)把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。注意：如果賓語較長，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開。如：

17、She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它們。(3)動(dòng)詞+介詞(及物)I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼鏡。注意：當(dāng)它跟賓語時(shí)，不能把介詞放在賓語后面。動(dòng)詞短語可以放在句子或從句末尾。She's got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她應(yīng)付不了。 (4)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞 I look forward to

18、seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就見到你。 注：“動(dòng)詞+介詞”、“動(dòng)詞+名詞+副詞”、“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 這樣一來，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。2、熟悉同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同的動(dòng)詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭配在意義上的差異。 (1)同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。如：hear from收到的來信，hear of聽說。 look after照料，look at看，look fo

19、r尋找。 (2)同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。如：ring back回電話, ring off掛斷電話, ring up打電話 put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up掛起，舉起。 (3)不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：look for尋找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for請(qǐng)求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。 (4)不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：break out發(fā)生，爆炸, carry out進(jìn)行，開展, go out熄滅, hand out分發(fā), let out放出, look

20、out當(dāng)心, sell out賣完, set out出發(fā), take out取出, work out算出。break down出毛病, come down落下來, get down下車, take down取下, write down寫下。動(dòng)詞詞義辨析1.I can hardly _ the difference between the two words.A. point B.speak C.say D.tell2.I _ you will write me back soon.A. wish B.hope C.want D.need3.I asked him to _ me a few m

21、inutes so that I could have a word with him.A. spend B. spare C.save D. share4. Father will not _ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.A. have B.let C. agree D. allow5.I learned to _ a bicycle as a small boy.A. ride B. drive C. operate D.run6.I can _ you to the railway station in my car.

22、A. send B.pick C.ride D.take7.If no one _ the phone at home, ring me at work.A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives8.1 don't know the restaurant, but it's_ to be quite a good one.A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, you'd better_ them for her

23、.A. bring B. carry C.take D. fetch10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously _.A. hurt B. killed C. broken D.cut11. Careless driving _ a lot of highway accidents.A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results12. I've_my umbrella in the office and I'll have to fetch

24、it.A. forgot B.left C. remained D.lost13 .The doctor says a few days' rest in a quiet place will _ you a lot of good.A. make B.do C.give D.get14. His heart _ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.A. beat B.hit C. jumped D.ran15. The cooking chicken _ very good.A. smells B. feels C

25、. sounds D. tastes16. Most children stay at home until they _ school age.A. get Be C. reach D. arrive17. A single mistake here could _ you your life.A. pay B.take C. spend D.cost18. The boy works hard. I_ him to succeed in the exam.A. like B. expect C. think D.need19. We _ each other the best of luc

26、k in the examination.A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished20. I'm afraid Mr Brown isn't in. Would you like to_a message?A.give B.leave C.carry D.take21. Do you know the girl _ a red coat?A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on22. The assistant suggested Mary _ the blue skirt.A. buying B

27、. bought C. to buy D. could buy23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin _ to America for further study.A. should send B. would be sent C. sending D.be sent24. Old Mr Jackson insisted _ to the Friendship Hospital.A. on being sent B. to send C. on sending D. being sent25. The father insisted that their son

28、Tom _ clever enough to study music.A. be B. should be C.was D. would be26.I _ the television set for 1,500 yuan. A. bought B.paid C.cost D. spent27.I _ play football than basketball.A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer28. - What are you doing?- I'm looking_ the children. They s

29、hould be back for lunch now.A.after B.at C.for D.up29. The sports meet will be _ till next week because of the bad weather.A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down30.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can _ it.A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get o

30、ff31. Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A. get over B. get in C; get along D. get through32. Many foreigners _ the Great Wall as the World's Seventh Wonder.A. look at B. look for C. look around D. look on33.1 can' t hear clearly. Please _ the radio _ a l

31、ittle.A.tum;on B.tum;off C.tum;down D.tum;up34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four _.A. turned in B. turned up C. turned to D. turn up35. The child is running a high fever. We must_ a doctor at once.A. send in B. send out C. send for D. send up36. I'm going to a pop concert with

32、 Tom. He'll _ me at eight and we'll go there togethe;A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to _. A. carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on D. carry them out38. Your composition must be _ after class.A. handed to B. handed out C.

33、 handed in D. handed over39. A new school was _ in the village last year.A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up40. - When did the plane _? -At 2 o'clock.A. take off' B. take up C. take away D. take place41. _! There's danger ahead.A. Look at B.Look up C.Look on D.Look out42.Let

34、9;s_ to clean the house. It's too dirty.A.set about B.set out C.set off D.set down43.I used to _ my teacher when I was in Beijing.A. call in . B. call at C. call for D. call on44. He _ from his family and settled down in America.A. broke away B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in45. He had to _ h

35、is father's business after his death, though he didn't really want to continue it.A. carry out B. pick up C. set up D. carry on46. The robbers had no trouble in _ the bank, but when they came out ,the police were waiting for them.A. breaking out B. breaking into C. breaking up D. breaking aw

36、ay from47. Autumn is coming. The farmers are busy_ the crops in the fields.A. moving in B. sharing in C. handing in D. getting in48. All the students _ their holidays to take part in planting trees.A. gave out B. gave in C. gave up D. gave away49. He was always the last to leave in order to clean up

37、 the workroom and _ the tools.A. put away B. take away C. push aside D. look after50._ this article and tell me what you think of it.A. Look up B. Look on C. Look into D. Look through答案：15 DBBDA 610 CAABA 1115 CBBAA 1620 CDBDB 2125 AADAC 2630 AACAB 3135 CDCBC 3640 ADCBA 4145 DBDAD 4650 BDCAD動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語模

38、擬訓(xùn)練專項(xiàng)1The news was a terrible blow to her, but she will _ the shock soon. A. get out B. get through C. get off D. get over2.The sound of the music _louder and louder as the band marched nearer to me. A. grew B. felt C. appeared D. remained3. Off the east, the sky looked pale enough to _ the storm wo

39、uld be passing quickly. A. suggest B. report C. prove D. explain4.Have you finished your homework yet? Not yet, I _ to do it just a few minutes ago. A. get down B. set out C. set about D. set up5The thing that _ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not. A. mattersBcaresCconsidersDm

40、inds6.So how is your new roommate? She really _. Shes always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her,she always makes rude remarks. A. turns me off B. turns me down C. turns me out D. turns me over7. To be honest, I dont quite _ with you some general views on the weather. A. did B. allo

41、w C. bother D. share8. Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _ the shocking ending. A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off 9. The old houses are being pulled down to _ a new office block. A. supply with B. make use of C. make room for D. take the place of 10. It is fash

42、ionable to drive a car, but to drive a car is not nearly as difficult as it is imagined on condition that you _ the specialized rules. A. give upBstick toCinsist onDconnect to11. Will you my composition to find out whether Ive made any spelling mistakes? A. look through Blook on Clook up Dlook out o

43、f12. As is known to us all, failure usually _ _ laziness while diligence can _ success. A. results from, lie in B. results in, result fromC. leads to, lie in D. results from, result in13. He has been fired and will have to over charge of his office tomorrow. A. takeBhandCgetDgo14. His aunts letters

44、him of those beautiful days when they used to live together in his hometown. A. call upBcall forCcall onDcall at15. Did you reach the top of the mountain?Yes. Even I myself didnt believe I could it. A. workBclimbCgetDmake16. In Britain today women 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers wi

45、th children are in paid work. A. build upBmake upCtake upDsend up17. We trust you ; only you can him to give up smoking . A. suggest Battract Cadvise Dpersuade 18. Have a good rest ; you need to your energy for the football match this afternoon . Thanks a lot . A. leave Bsave Chold Dget 19. In that

46、country, guests usually feel that they are not highly _ if the invitation to a dinner party is given only three or four days before the party date A. regarded B. thought C. admired D. concerned20. Difficulties and hardships have _ the best character of the young geologist. A. brought inB. brought up

47、C. brought outD. brought about21. Our daughter doesnt know what to at the university ; she cant make up her mind about her future . A. take in Btake up Ctake over Dtake on 22. Ling Feng won the first prize in the national English competition and Im glad that her efforts at last _. A. worked outBgot

48、backCpaid offDturned out23. The Browns sent lots of invitations for their party. But because of the improper time, few people _ it. A. attendedBacceptedCreceivedDenjoyed24. I think John will a good monitor, so Id like to vote for him. A. turnBchangeCelectDmake25. The girl _ to be a good dancer if sh

49、e is well trained in an art school. A. expectsBallowsCwishesDpromises26.What do you think of Andrew ? There are some things that are not easy to , and his coldness is one . A. put aside Bput up with Cthink of Dget along with 27.Does he know how to work out the problem ? Yes , he has a good idea to s

50、olve it . A. caught up with Bkept up with Ccome up with Dput up with 28. Will Thursday or Friday you ? Either will .A. fit , be Bfit , OKCsuit , all right Dsuit , do 29. Eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure . A. result from Bcontribute to Cattend to Ddevote to 30. It s

51、uddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter. A. happenedBoccurredCthoughtDtook place【答案解析】1. D 本題考查相近動(dòng)詞短語的詞義辨析能力。四個(gè)詞組只有g(shù)et over有克服之意。故選D。2. A grow 變得，表示一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程；feel，認(rèn)為，感覺； appear 顯得；remain 保留，依然。題干中的as是關(guān)鍵詞，表示“隨著樂隊(duì)向我們走的越來越近，音樂的聲音也變得越來越大”。3. A 本題檢測近義動(dòng)詞的辨析能力。suggest暗示，意味著；report報(bào)告；prove證明；explain解釋。本句句義為“東方灰蒙蒙的天空暗示著暴風(fēng)雪即將來臨?！?. B get down to doing sth 開始