常用動(dòng)詞（詞組）用法區(qū)別

1、初 中 英 語 語 法 知 識(shí) 匯 編常用動(dòng)詞（詞組）用法區(qū)別許多動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組的意義相同或相近，但用法卻往往不同。要弄清其意義和區(qū)別，需考慮詞語自身的用法、詞與詞的關(guān)聯(lián)和限制以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)對詞語使用時(shí)的限制等多方面因素進(jìn)行考慮。初中英語中常用動(dòng)詞（短語）的區(qū)別主要應(yīng)考慮以下幾個(gè)方面：1. 及物和不及物的區(qū)別2. 動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的區(qū)別以及瞬間和延續(xù)的區(qū)別3. 感官動(dòng)詞的有意識(shí)和無意識(shí)的區(qū)別4. 過程和結(jié)果的區(qū)別5. 詞與詞的搭配和限制6. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)對詞語使用時(shí)的限制詞語辨析1、see; look; watch; read 幾個(gè)“看”的區(qū)別：主要考慮有意識(shí)和無意識(shí)的區(qū)別以及所“看”事物的不同see：無

2、意識(shí)感官動(dòng)詞（非目的性動(dòng)作），及物動(dòng)詞（其后必須帶上賓語句子意義才完整），說明“看”的能力，用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，常同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。e.gWe can see a map of China on the back wall of our classroom.I saw Mr. Black when I was walking on the street yesterday.look：有意識(shí)感官動(dòng)詞（帶有目的性的動(dòng)作），不及物動(dòng)詞（不需帶賓語句子意義已完整），帶賓語時(shí)，需加介詞at，用于表示“看著”一個(gè)相對靜止的事物。e.gPlease look at the blackboard carefully

3、.He looked around but saw nothing.watch：有意識(shí)感官動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞，用于表示“觀看”一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)著的事物。e.gIm going to watch a football match tomorrow afternoon.He stayed at home and watched TV last Sunday.read：有意識(shí)感官動(dòng)詞，及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，用于表示“讀”文字類的事物。e.gLook! The students are reading English in the classroom.The teacher asked the boy to read

4、 in the classroom.2、speak; say; tell; talk 幾個(gè)“說”的區(qū)別：在選用幾個(gè)“說”時(shí)，首先看其后是否直接帶表人的詞語作賓語，如是，使用tell；再看其后是否直接帶語言名詞作賓語，如是，用speak；然后看其是否同介詞with、to、about搭配構(gòu)成介詞詞組，如是，則用talk（注：如同介詞to連用，其后帶表人的詞，同時(shí)帶有直接引語時(shí)，有say）；非上述情況，都用say。speak：表示“說話”的能力，不及物動(dòng)詞，但可帶語言類名詞作賓語。e.gListen! The little baby can speak now.He is from Australi

5、a. He speaks English.say：表示組織語言“訴說”，及物動(dòng)詞，但不能帶語言名詞作賓語，帶表人的詞作賓語時(shí)，應(yīng)先加介詞to（此時(shí)常帶有直接引語）。e.gA two-year-old baby can speak, but cant say.What would you say at the meeting?He said to me, “You have to hand in your exercise book before lunch.”tell：表示“講述；告訴”，及物動(dòng)詞，要求帶雙賓語（表人賓語 + 表物賓語）或復(fù)合賓語（賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)），通常都帶有表人的詞語（注：同

6、joke、story、lie連用時(shí)，可不帶表人的詞語；另注意短語tell (s.b) something about s.th）。e.gThe teacher told the students not to swim in the river.Hi, Jim! Ill tell you the news in a second.John is very funny. He likes to tell jokes.talk：表示“談話、交談”，不及物動(dòng)詞，需同介詞with、to、about連用，才能帶賓語。e.gMike, could I talk with you about your st

7、udy?They are talking about the new movie.3、hear; listen; sound幾個(gè)“聽”的區(qū)別：主要考慮有意識(shí)和無意識(shí)的區(qū)別以及是否用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞。hear：無意識(shí)感官動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞e.gI heard someone crying for help just now.listen：有意識(shí)感官動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞，帶賓語時(shí)，需加介詞to。e.gThe teacher is talking while the students were listening.He listened carefully but heard nothing.I like to

8、listen to soft music.sound：聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，其后必須帶上形容詞作表語（可同介詞like一起構(gòu)成短語，其后帶名詞）。e.gThe music sounds really beautiful.This piece of music sounds like the singing of the birds.4、look for; find; find out; look up幾個(gè)“尋找”的區(qū)別：主要考慮過程和結(jié)果的區(qū)別以及“尋找”不同事物的區(qū)別look for：“尋找”某一實(shí)體，強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找的過程，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，可帶延續(xù)時(shí)間）。e.gIm looking for my

9、pen. Could you see it?He looked for his lost book everywhere for about an hour.find：“尋找”某一實(shí)體，強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找的結(jié)果，瞬間動(dòng)詞（不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，不可帶延續(xù)時(shí)間）。e.gFinally he found his wallet in his car.Have you found your lost watch?find out：“尋找”非實(shí)體事物，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過觀察、探索而發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)的真相以及調(diào)查后找出原因或發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密、錯(cuò)誤等，其后通常帶賓語從句，可分性短語動(dòng)詞（名詞作賓語時(shí)，可放其后，也可放其中；代詞作賓語時(shí)，只能放短語

10、之中），瞬間動(dòng)詞。e.gI want to find out what has happened to John.“When is the train leaving?” “Ill go and find it out.”look up：說明通過資料“查詢”，可分性短語，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。e.g：If you dont know the words, you can look them up in a dictionary.5、borrow; lend; keep幾個(gè)“借”的區(qū)別：主要考慮“借入”與“借出”的關(guān)系、瞬間與延續(xù)的關(guān)系以及同介詞的搭配和使用于不同的句式。borrow：意為“借入”（從別處

11、將物體借到主語處），瞬間動(dòng)詞，不用于雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，常同介詞from連用（borrow s.th from s.b/s.p）。e.gHe borrowed some books from the library yesterday.I think you could borrow some money from your brother.lend：意為“借出”（主語將物體借給別人），瞬間動(dòng)詞，用于雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，間接賓語和直接賓語位置交換時(shí)，介詞用to.e.gCould you lend me your bike?Could you lend your bike to me?You mustnt le

12、nd the library books to others.keep：意為“保留；保存”，borrow的延續(xù)性形式，使用時(shí)，句中應(yīng)有延續(xù)時(shí)間。e.gYou can keep this book for a week.You have keep the book for two weeks. You should return it to the library.6、arrive; get; reach; land幾個(gè)“到達(dá)”的區(qū)別：主要考慮其共同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)arrive：不及物動(dòng)詞，可單獨(dú)使用（不帶表地點(diǎn)的詞），可直接帶here、there、home（不用介詞），帶表地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí)，應(yīng)加上介詞a

13、t或in。e.gThe train will arrive at 12:00.Mr. Smith arrived in Beijing last night.In the end the soldiers arrived at a small mountain village.get：不及物動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)使用（其后必須帶表地點(diǎn)的詞語），可直接帶here、there、home（不用介詞），帶表地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí)，應(yīng)加上介詞to。e.gWhat time do you usually get home in the afternoon?Ill call you as soon as I get to B

14、eijing.reach：及物動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)使用（其后必須帶表地點(diǎn)的詞語），可直接帶here、there、home（不用介詞），直接帶表地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語，不用介詞。e.gAsk Jim to my office as soon as he reaches here.Finally the soldiers reached a small mountain village.land：只用于飛行物或船只“著陸；靠岸”。e.gWhat were you doing when the UFO landed?7、take; bring; get; carry“帶來”與“帶走”的區(qū)別：主要考慮動(dòng)作同參照地

15、點(diǎn)（說話處）的關(guān)系take：“帶走”- 表示將物體從說話處帶到另一處；常同介詞to連用；不能用于雙賓語句式；可同with連用表示“隨身攜帶”。e.gPlease take some apples to your brother.Its raining outside. You should take a raincoat with you.bring：“帶來”- 表示將物體從另一處帶到說話處（句中常含有表示說話處的詞語：here、me、us等）；常同介詞to連用；可用于雙賓語句式；不能同with連用表示“隨身攜帶”。e.gCould you please bring my math book

16、to me?He asked me to bring him some paper.get（= fetch）：“去拿來”- 表示從說話處出發(fā)去另一處將物體帶回到說話處；常同介詞for連用；可用于雙賓語句式；不能同with連用表示“隨身攜帶”。e.gYou should go and get some water for him.Could you please get me some tea?carry：“搬動(dòng)、搬運(yùn)”- 不具體說明來去的方向，有時(shí)含有沉重或麻煩之意。 e.gLet me help you carry the box.The bag is too heavy for me to

17、 carry.8、take; spend; pay; cost幾個(gè)“花費(fèi)”的區(qū)別：首先考慮主語為人還是非表人的詞（排除其中的兩個(gè)），再考慮其同介詞的搭配以及“花費(fèi)”的是時(shí)間還是金錢（排除兩者之中的一個(gè)）。take：主語為非表人的詞；說明“花費(fèi)”時(shí)間；常帶有不定式?；揪涫剑篒t takes (s.b) some time to do s.th.e.gIt took me half an hour to do my home work last night.I usually go to school by bike. That takes me about twenty minutes.cos

18、t：主語為非表人的詞；說明“花費(fèi)”金錢：可帶不定式?；揪涫剑簊.th costs (s.b) some money. It costs (s.b) some money to do s.th.e.gThe computer cost me 1000 dollars.How much does it cost to get to Beijing from Shanghai by air?spend：主語為表人的詞；說明“花費(fèi)”時(shí)間或金錢；常同介詞on連用；不能帶不定式，但可帶-ing分詞?；揪涫剑簊.b spends some time/money on s.th. s.b spends s

19、ome time/money (in) doing s.th.e.gMr. Black spent twenty dollars on the book for his daughter.I spent half an hour (in) doing my homework last night.pay：主語為表人的詞；說明“花費(fèi)”金錢；常同介詞for連用；不帶非謂語動(dòng)詞?；揪涫剑簊.b pays (another people) some money for s.th.e.gHe paid two thousand dollars for the new car.How much did

20、you pay for the book?9、put on; wear; dress; be in幾個(gè)“穿戴”的區(qū)別：主要考慮說明動(dòng)詞還是狀況以及帶什么類型的賓語。put on：說明“穿戴”的動(dòng)作，可分性短語，帶服裝作賓語。 e.gHe put on his coat and hurried out to work.Dont take off your coat. Its coat outside. Put it on please.wear：說明“穿戴”的狀況，可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，帶服裝作賓語。 e.gLook! Linda is wearing a new dress today.You mu

21、stnt wear jeans to the school party.dress：表示“給某人穿衣”，帶表人的詞語作賓語。 e.gMrs. Black is dressing her little daughter in the bedroom.She is old enough to dress herself.be in：說明“穿戴”的狀況，帶服裝作賓語（常含有顏色），也可只帶顏色作賓語。 e.gLinda is in a red T-shirt today.Do you know the girl who is in green over there?10、leave; forget說

22、明“遺忘了某物”：主要考慮是否應(yīng)帶上說明地點(diǎn)的詞語。leave：說明將某物“遺忘”在某處，句中應(yīng)包含表示地點(diǎn)的詞語。 e.gI left my pen at home. Can I use yours?She is forgetful. She always leaves her things somewhere.forget：說明“遺忘”了某物，不考慮地點(diǎn)，句中不能有表示地點(diǎn)的詞語。 e.gDont forget your book when you go to school.I forget my homework. May I bring it here tomorrow?11、have

23、 been to; have gone to; have been in說明“去某處”的區(qū)別：主要考慮在強(qiáng)調(diào)“不在何處”以及是否可帶延續(xù)時(shí)間。have been to：表示“曾經(jīng)去過某處”，但現(xiàn)在已不在所說的地點(diǎn)，可同ever、never連用，可帶表示次數(shù)的詞語，但不能帶延續(xù)時(shí)間。 e.gHave you ever been to the Great Wall?I have been to Australia several times.have gone to：表示“去了某處”，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在不在說話人的地點(diǎn)（常有上下文的關(guān)聯(lián)來說明這點(diǎn)），一般只用于主語為第三人稱的句子，不能同ever、never

24、以及表示次數(shù)的詞語連用，不同延續(xù)時(shí)間連用。 e.gMr. Smith isnt here. He has gone to the library.My father has gone to Shanghai. He will be back in five days.have been in：說明“在某處呆了多久”，句中應(yīng)含延續(xù)時(shí)間。（介詞可隨所帶詞語的不同進(jìn)行調(diào)整） e.gThe Greens have been in China for two months.He has been on the school football team for over two years.12、be m

25、ade of; be made from; be made in; be made by說明“被制造”后介詞的選用：主要考慮由何詞作賓語，同時(shí)考慮制造過程的不同。Be made of：表示“由制成”，帶材料作賓語，表示制造過程為物理變化（由一種形狀變?yōu)榱硪环N形狀）。 e.gThis kind of chair is made of wood.Can you tell me what the sofa is made of?be made from：表示“由制成”，帶材料作賓語，表示制造過程為化學(xué)變化（由一種物資變?yōu)榱硪环N物資）。 e.gThis kind of paper is made of

26、 wood.be made in：表示“在何處制造”，帶地點(diǎn)作賓語。 e.gMy watch is made in China.be made by：表示“由何人制造”，帶表人的詞語作賓語。 e.gAll these shoes are made by the old man.be made up of：表示“由構(gòu)成或組成”，帶人、物皆可，指結(jié)構(gòu)成分。 e.gOur class is made up of 28 boys and 34 girls.13、be used for; be used in; be used as; be used by說明“被使用”后介詞的選用：主要考慮帶何詞作賓語

27、以及其意義。be used for：表示“被用來做某事”，其后帶動(dòng)名詞（V-ing形式）作賓語。 e.gKnives are used for cutting thing.Today a kind of robot is used for searching living people under the falling building.be used in：表示“被用于某處”，其后帶地點(diǎn)。 e.gThis kind of machine is used in many ways.English is used as a second language in our country.be u

28、sed as：表示“被用作什么”，其后帶表物的詞。 e.gThis thing can be used as a new medicine.be used by：表示“被某人使用”，其后帶表人的詞。 e.gChinese is used by the largest number of people in the world.14、used to; be used to是否加be以及其后帶何種詞，主要考慮其不同的意義。used to do s.th：表示“過去經(jīng)常做某事”，之后帶動(dòng)詞原形。（含同現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行比較之意） e.gHe used to be quiet.（含有“現(xiàn)在不內(nèi)向了”之意）I u

29、sed to play the piano. But now I play the violin.be used to s.th/doing s.th：表示“習(xí)慣于某事或習(xí)慣于做某事”，to為介詞，之后帶名詞或V-ing形式，此時(shí)句子的主語應(yīng)為表人的詞。 e.gHe is used to the weather in Australia now.I am used to writing with that kind of pen.be used to do s.th：表示“被用來做什么”（= be used for doing s.th），to為不定式的小品詞，其后帶動(dòng)詞原形，此時(shí)句子的主語應(yīng)

30、為表物的詞。 e.gKnives are used to cut things.15、be good at; be good for; be good with/to主要考慮意義以及人與物的關(guān)系。be good at：“擅長于、在方面做得好”，表人的詞作主語，表物的詞作賓語。 e.gNancy is good at math.He is good at swimming.be good for：“對有好處”，表物的詞做主語，表人的詞做賓語。 e.gEating more vegetable is good for your health.Its good for us students to

31、read English for an hour every morning.be good with/to： “善待某人、與某人相處得不錯(cuò)”，主語和賓語都為表人的詞。 e.gAs a teacher, you should be good with/to the children.We must be good with/to the old.16、hope; wish說明“希望”的區(qū)別：主要考慮其共同點(diǎn)和不同的。hope：說明有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，其后帶不定式或從句（不能帶復(fù)合賓語），作名詞使用時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞。 e.gHe hopes to go to the Great Wall next

32、 Saturday.I hope you will be well soon.I think you have no hope to finish it in time.wish：常說明無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，其后帶不定式或從句（可以帶復(fù)合賓語），作名詞使用時(shí)，多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 e.gI wish to go to the moon one day.I wish you to pass the final exam.Wish you success.I wish I would go to the moon for vacation one day.Here are some flowers for y

33、ou with our best wishes.17、be full of; be filled with -說明“充滿”的區(qū)別：主要考慮動(dòng)詞還是狀況。be full of：主要說明狀況。 e.gThe heavy box is full of booksbe filled with：主要說明動(dòng)作。 e.gDont smoke here, or the room will be filled with smoke soon.18、die; be dead; be dying; death -幾個(gè)“去世”的區(qū)別：主要考慮動(dòng)作還是狀況以及詞性。die：動(dòng)詞（瞬間），不能同延續(xù)時(shí)間連用（變?yōu)閎e d

34、ead）。 e.gHis father died when he was five.dead：形容詞，“已經(jīng)去世”（沒有了生命）。（常用be dead代換die，說明延續(xù)） e.gHer father has been dead for five years.dying：形容詞，“瀕臨死亡”（還有生命）。 e.gThey are trying their best to save the dying woman.death：名詞。 e.gIt makes him sad when he thinks of his fathers death.19、happen; take place -兩個(gè)“

35、發(fā)生”的區(qū)別：主要考慮是偶然性還是必然性。（兩者都是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)；都是瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能帶延續(xù)時(shí)間）happen：用于表示偶然性、沒預(yù)料到的事情的“發(fā)生”；主語通常不是表人的詞（主語為表人的詞語時(shí)，happen后必須帶不定式，表示“碰巧做了某事”），其后帶表人的詞時(shí)，應(yīng)先加to。 e.gA traffic accident happened last night.A traffic accident happened to John last night.He happened to have some friends in that town.take place：用于表示必然性

36、的“發(fā)生”以及指布置或策劃好某事而后的“舉行”。 e.gThe story took place three years ago.Martin Luther Kings murder took place in 1968.20、study; learn -兩個(gè)“學(xué)習(xí)”的區(qū)別：主要考慮學(xué)習(xí)階段的不同。（通常兩者可以互換）learn：及物動(dòng)詞，可帶不定式作賓語，不同hard連用。多用于學(xué)習(xí)的初級階段或帶有模仿性的“學(xué)習(xí)”；主要說明學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果（學(xué)會(huì)、學(xué)到）。 e.gWe had learned 1000 English words by the end of last year.He wants t

37、o learn to drive a car.study：及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞，不能帶不定式作賓語，可同hard連用。多用于較高深或周密的研究性質(zhì)的“學(xué)習(xí)”；側(cè)重于說明學(xué)習(xí)的過程。 e.gHe studies at the No.7 middle school.She has studied English in England for four years.21、join; take part in; attend幾個(gè)“參加”的區(qū)別：主要考慮作賓語的詞語的不同。join：主要用于說明加入某一組織或加入一群人的活動(dòng)，其后帶組織名稱或表人的詞作賓語。瞬間動(dòng)詞，不同延續(xù)時(shí)間連用。 e.gHe jo

38、ined the Party two years ago.I want to join the English club to practice my English.Why not join us (in) playing football.take (an active) part in：用于指參加某一活動(dòng)，并在活動(dòng)中起了一定的積極作用。 e.gWill you take part in the school sports meeting next week?He is preparing his speech. Hell take part in an important meeting

39、.attend：用于指參加某一活動(dòng)，不考慮在活動(dòng)中的作用（列席）。 e.gWe will attend the meeting this afternoonExercise 1( )1. Jim is good at _ maps. A. seeing B. looking at C. watching D. reading( )2. _ carefully. What can you _ in the picture? A. Look; look at B. Look; see C. See; see D. See; look at( )3. Why not _ the football m

40、atch tonight? A. look B. read C. watch D. see( )4. John, can you _ it in Chinese? A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk( )5. What language does your brothers pen pal _? A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk( )6. Excuse me. Could you _ me the way to the airport? A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk( )7. Do you know t

41、he man who is _ with Mr. Green? A. speaking B. saying C. telling D. talking( )8. He _ carefully, but _ nothing. A. listened; listened B. heard; heard C. listened; heard D. heard; listened( )9. I _ my lost pen everywhere, but I couldnt _ it anywhere. A. looked for; find B. found; looked for C. found;

42、 find out D. looked; find( )10. Could you lend me your dictionary? I want to _ some new words. A. look for B. find C. find out D. look up( )11. I want to _ why he didnt invite me to his party yesterday. A. look for B. find C. find out D. look up( )12. I think you can _ some money from your brother.

43、A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. got( )13. “ How long may I _ this book?” “ Two weeks.” A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. get( )14. “ Could you _ me your pen, please?” “ Sure. Here you are.” A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. got( )15. “ Could you tell me when the train will _?” “ In ten minutes.” A. arrive B. get

44、 C. reach D. land( )16. My mother was cooking dinner when I _ home yesterday. A. arrived at B. arrived in C. got to D. reached( )17. You must call me up as soon as you _ Beijing. A. arrive in B. arrive C. get D. reach to( )18. He sat down at a table and asked the waiter to _ him a cup of coffee. A.

45、take B. bring C. got D. gave( )19. I really dont know what I should _ for my mother. A. take B. bring C. get D. bought( )20. Its going to rain. Youd better _ an umbrella with you. A. take B. bring C. get D. buyExercise 2( )1. How much did you _ for the dictionary? A. take B. spend C. pay D. cost( )2

46、. How long does it always _ you to do your homework every day? A. take B. spend C. pay D. cost( )3. This kind of computer _ 1500 dollars. A. takes B. spends C. pays D. costs( )4. I _ about two hours doing my homework every day. A. take B. spend C. pay D. cost( )5. John _ a lot of money on stamps because of his hobby. A. took B. spent C. paid D. cost( )6. Look! The littl