英語四級(jí)考試歷年寫作題型分析

1、、段首句作文Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition aboutTELEVISION in threeparagraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph. Write about 35 words for each paragraph, not including the words giv

2、en. Therefore, your part of the composition should be about 100 words. Remember to write neatly. You should write this composition on the Answer Sheet.Television1. Television presents a vivid world in front of us.2. Television can also play an educational role in our daily life.3. However, televisio

3、n can also be harmful. 段首句作文是一種控制性作文（Guided Writing）,旨在控制考生的寫作范圍，要求考生按所給的段首句續(xù)寫，完成各段落。這類作文的寫作要領(lǐng)如下：1 .構(gòu)思：仔細(xì)斟酌各段首句（通常也就是各段落的主題句）的內(nèi)在含義，從語篇結(jié)構(gòu)上弄清楚各段首句之間的相互關(guān)系。本題第一段的段首句是電視為我們呈現(xiàn)了一個(gè)五彩繽紛的世界：其含義可以是大千世界的時(shí)事變革，平民百姓的尋常家事，以至豐富多彩的文藝節(jié)目、娛樂活動(dòng)等。第二段的段首句是電視在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪羞€起著教育作用能在日常生活中起教育作用的節(jié)目主要是指那些一般性的或科普教育節(jié)目（而不是那些專業(yè)性很強(qiáng)的教育節(jié)目），如

4、孩子們看的“Children ' s Show”老人們看的 aProgramme for the Elderly ; 青年人看的aScience Report "或"Around the Globe ” 等。第一、二兩段都是講電視的好處，它們之間的關(guān)系是并列的。第三段的段首句是然而電視也可能是有害的"，過渡詞however表示文章語意上的轉(zhuǎn)折，說明這一段是要講電視給人們帶來的弊端了。按照上述思路構(gòu)思文章，各個(gè)段落自始至終圍繞標(biāo)題所體現(xiàn)的中心，就不會(huì)偏離主題。2.仔細(xì)推敲各段首句，找出各段首句中的關(guān)鍵詞所體現(xiàn)的主導(dǎo)思想，以確定段落的發(fā)展方向。本題各段首句的關(guān)

5、鍵詞分別是 vivid, educational 和harmful o各段均可用事實(shí)舉例法來擴(kuò)展。此外，要注意段落內(nèi)部和段落之 間的連貫性。TelevisionTelevision presents a vivid world in front of us. With a TV set, we can learn the current events happening in the world without going outside our houses. On television we can also watch exciting football matches or Olymp

6、ic marathons. In addition, we can enjoy wonderful films instead of going to the cinema.Television can also play an important role in our daily life. Besides regular courses to TV universitystudents, television also offers various educational programs for different viewers. Children like“ ChildShow&#

7、39; ; young people like a Science Report " and elcpeople like a Programme for the Elderly ” . As for me, “ Around the Globe " is my favorite.However, television can also be harmful. It hurts your eyes and causes nearsightedness. WatchingTV too much influences our sleep and work and cuts do

8、wn children ' s study time. Moreover, some TVprograms are not sound in contents, so we should watch TV selectively. In short, we should regard television as our slave, not our master.二、圖表式作文Direction : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on

9、Changes in People ' s Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to: state the changes in people ' s diet 伙食)in the past five years;(2) give possible reasons for the changes;(3) draw your own conc

10、lusions.You should quote as few figures as possible."'YearFood19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5 %45%45%Milk10%11 %11 %12%13%Meat17%20%22.5 %23%21 %Fruit andVegetables24%22%20%20%21 %Total100%100%100%100%100 %本題要求考生按圖表作文，這也是一種控制性作文。對(duì)于這種命題形式的作文，首先應(yīng)對(duì)圖表進(jìn)行認(rèn) 真的分析，弄清圖表中所包含的信息以及不同信息間的關(guān)系，抓住圖表所體現(xiàn)的總

11、體趨勢(shì)。然后，根據(jù)這些信 息和卷面上已給的題目、提綱，確定文章的主題，構(gòu)思出文章的框架，擬定各段落主題句。從本圖表可以看出，19861990年期間，人們飲食變化的趨勢(shì)是：糧食的消費(fèi)量逐年減少，而高能量的食品，如牛奶、肉類的消費(fèi)量逐年增多。這便是第一段所要寫的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)提綱要求，第二段應(yīng)寫引起 這些變化的原因；最后一段則寫作者從這些變化中所得出的結(jié)論。根據(jù)上述構(gòu)思，參考范文如下：Changes in People ' s Diet in ChinaAs can be seen from the table, great changes have taken place in people

12、' s diet over the period from1986 to 1990. The consumption of grain is decreasing year by year, while that ofsome high-energy food,such as milk and meat, is increasing steadily.There are two main reasons for the changes in people' s diet. First, economy has developed very fastrecently. Today

13、 people are well paid and have earned more money, thus they can afford to buy more expensive food with better nutrition. Second, nowadays more and more people realize that diet is very important to their health. So they try to improve the structure of their food.From the above, we are very glad to s

14、ee that the living standards of our people are being improved. But on the other hand, if people eat too much rich food, some problems will arise. In my opinion, they should keep balance in their diet. They should not only consume a lot of meat and milk but also enough grain, fruit and vegetables.三、要

15、點(diǎn)式作文Directions : For this part, you are allowed thirty minuets to write a composition on the topicGetting to Knowthe World Outside the Campus . You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.大學(xué)生了解社會(huì)的必要性2. 了解社會(huì)的途徑(大眾媒介、社會(huì)服務(wù)等)3. 我打算怎么

16、做根據(jù)大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試作文題評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)， 一篇好作文應(yīng)當(dāng)內(nèi)容切題； 表達(dá)思想清楚， 文字通順，連貫性好，無語言錯(cuò)誤。因此，拿到作文題后，首先應(yīng)審題、構(gòu)思，即明確文章的體裁和主題，構(gòu)筑文章的框架，劃分段落層次，然后再確定各段落的寫作內(nèi)容和擴(kuò)展方法等。這是作文的第一步。這一步非常重要，否則下筆千言，離題萬里，甚至文不對(duì)題。審題時(shí)要把題目和提綱聯(lián)系起來考慮。本題標(biāo)題可直譯為 “設(shè)法了解校外世界”，轉(zhuǎn)譯為 “設(shè)法了解社會(huì) ”，聯(lián)系提綱中的三個(gè)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)可知，本文的主題是闡明大學(xué)生了解社會(huì)的必要性及其途徑。顯然，命題者要求寫一篇議論文。提綱中的三個(gè)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)可按先后順序分別安排在三個(gè)段落中闡明。第一段可

17、用 “因果法 ”擴(kuò)展段落，即先寫原因，如 “社會(huì)發(fā)展很快，大學(xué)生應(yīng)主動(dòng)向社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)以適應(yīng)社會(huì)需要”等，再得出結(jié)論： “大學(xué)生必須了解社會(huì) ” ；第二段可用 “分類法 ”擴(kuò)展段落，即分別說明了解社會(huì)的兩種途徑 大眾媒介和社會(huì)服務(wù)；最后一段寫自己了解社會(huì)的具體做法，如打工、當(dāng)家庭教師、參加社會(huì)調(diào)查等。后兩段都涉及參加社會(huì)實(shí)踐，前一段可寫得籠統(tǒng)一些，后一段則具體一些。根據(jù)上述構(gòu)思，參考范文如下：Getting to Know the World Outside the CampusOur country is developing very quickly. New issues are emergi

18、ng one after another. It is impossiblefor university students to learn everything on campus, which has been called“ ivory tower ” . In order to adaptthemselves to society more effectively, students must be in touch with the outside world, and the earlier, the better.There are two basic ways for stud

19、ents to learn about the world outside the campus. First, studentscan keep themselves well-informed through mass media such as television, radio, and newspaper, becausewe are living in an age of information. Second, they can gain useful and practical experience through takingpart in various kinds of

20、social activities. Besides, there are many other ways to know the society.As for me, I am committed to availing myself of every chance to be in contact with the world at large. Iam very interested in social practice. For example, I like having a part-time job; I have found it meaningful to be a priv

21、ate tutor. I will try every possible means to get to know the world outside the campus.需要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，從上面的試題分析及其例文可以看出， “提綱 ”只是文章中必須包括進(jìn)去的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，它和文章的開頭、正文和結(jié)尾并無絕對(duì)確定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。寫作時(shí)切不可拘泥于提綱，更不要逐字翻譯。寫作是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng)，是一種藝術(shù)。為了說明這一點(diǎn)，我們?cè)倥e一例。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the

22、 topicThe World IsGetting Smaller and Smaller. You should write no less than 100 words and you should base yourcomposition on the outline (given in Chinese) below :1. 現(xiàn)代化的交通工具越來越發(fā)達(dá)2. 人與人之間的交往越來越頻繁3. 結(jié)論只要仔細(xì)分析一下，我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，提綱中的第一、二兩點(diǎn)是用以解釋為什么 “世界正變得越來越小的兩個(gè)原因，宜包括在同一段落內(nèi)。最后一段是結(jié)論。這樣，前面應(yīng)加上一個(gè)引言段。根據(jù)上面的思路，參考范文如下：T

23、he World Is Getting Smaller And SmallerMost of us may have such experiences: When you go to some place far away from the city where you live and think you know nobody there, you are surprised to find that you run into one of your old classmates on the street. Perhaps both of you would cry out,“ What

24、 a small world!”Why is the world getting smaller and smaller? For one thing, faster and safer means of transport have greatly reduced distance. In the past it took people eight weeks to cross the Pacific Ocean, but now an air journey from Shanghai to New York only takes eight hours. For another, the

25、 quickening pace of modern society creates more opportunities for people to visit each other. For example, business activities and cultural exchange have brought peoples into constant contact with the world.So we may safely draw the conclusion that the more advanced a society and technology, the sma

26、ller the world will be.四、書 信Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:A Letter to theUniversity President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words,and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:假設(shè)你是李

27、明， 請(qǐng)你就本校食堂的狀況給校長寫一封信， 內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及食堂的飯菜質(zhì)量、 價(jià)格、 環(huán)境、 服務(wù)等， 可以是表揚(yáng)， 可以是批評(píng)建議，也可以兼而有之。要寫好本文，除了內(nèi)容充實(shí)、表達(dá)思想清楚、文字通順、語言正確等一般性要求外，還必須符合英語國家有關(guān) 書信的寫作規(guī)范。英文書信一般由日期 (Date) 、稱呼 (Salutation) 、正文 (Body of the Letter) 、結(jié)尾敬辭(Complimentary Closure)和簽名 (Signature) 等五部分組成。該次考試的作文卷面上，已預(yù)先確定了日期、稱呼和簽名的寫法和位置。從實(shí)考試卷看來， 不少學(xué)生未寫結(jié)尾敬辭， 因而不符合英語書

28、信規(guī)范。 由于這封信是學(xué)生寫給校長的， 以 “Yours respectfully 或"Yours sincerely(相當(dāng)于“敬上”)作為結(jié)尾敬辭較為妥當(dāng)。英文書信的正文通常遵循一個(gè) “三段論 ”的模式，即由 opening paragraph, body paragraph(s) 和 concluding paragraph 構(gòu)成。根據(jù)題目要求， Opening paragraph 主要說明寫信目的，應(yīng)當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)短明確、一目了然。就本題而言， 寫信目的是要向校長反映食堂的狀況。 Body paragraph(s) 是全信的中心，要求內(nèi)容充實(shí)、條理清楚。就本題而言，要讓校長了解目前食堂各

29、方面的情況，如飯菜質(zhì)量、價(jià)格、環(huán)境、服務(wù)等。由于食堂是學(xué)生們普遍關(guān)注的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話題，學(xué)生們一般不會(huì)無話可寫，關(guān)鍵是如何進(jìn)行具體而又有條不紊的表述，而不是簡(jiǎn)單空洞地將提綱直接翻譯成英語。其實(shí)，只要把提綱里的每個(gè)要點(diǎn)擴(kuò)展成幾個(gè)完整的句子，并按照一定的邏輯順序?qū)懗鋈舾蓚€(gè)自然段，就可以達(dá)到上述寫作要求。 Concluding paragraph 和 opening paragraph 相對(duì)應(yīng)，往往也比較簡(jiǎn)短，就本題而言，可以 對(duì)全信作一概括，也可以提出建議或表示謝意。Jan. 12th, 2002Dear President,I m very lucky to attend this world -famous university, but I m afraid I m not qteunittewciothn the canteen serv