高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧及范例

1、第二部分題型專項閱讀理解一、考點聚焦1、題型特點閱讀是理解和吸收書面信息的能力。中學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定,中學(xué)生應(yīng)側(cè)重培養(yǎng)閱讀理解能力。閱讀材料的選取原則為:(2題材多樣化,包括科普、社會、文化、政治、史地、經(jīng)濟、新聞報道乃至廣告說明。(3體裁避免單一化,包括記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等。2、試題要求(1掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意,以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節(jié)。(2既理解具體的事實,也理解抽象的概念。(3既理解字面意思,也理解深層含義,包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等。(4既理解某句、某段的意義也理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系,并據(jù)此進行推理和判斷。(5能根據(jù)材料所提供的信息,結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識正確判斷生詞的含義。3

2、、基本能力(1能迅速看準每句的結(jié)構(gòu),抓住主句的主語、謂語、賓語。(2有一定的詞匯量和辨詞能力。(3能靈活運用所學(xué)語法知識,根據(jù)句中的某個詞迅速斷定真假、語態(tài)和時態(tài)等。(4對英美文化背景知識有一定了解。(5有良好的思維能力,能邊看邊加工所得到的信息,從而作出正確分析、判斷和綜合。(6有平時大量閱讀作基礎(chǔ),有一定的語感和相當(dāng)?shù)拈喿x速度。二、應(yīng)試技巧點撥1、四個步驟(1速讀短文,了解短文的主旨大意,辨別文體,掌握結(jié)構(gòu)。(2看題。了解考查內(nèi)容,帶著問題讀材料,尋找答案。(3復(fù)讀。對所選答案有針對性地尋找支撐論點的關(guān)鍵信息。(4核查。注意各題的答案應(yīng)邏輯一致,不能自相矛盾。盡可能找到(從文中根據(jù),確保正

3、確無誤。2、四個善于(1關(guān)于審題,找出文中依據(jù)。(2善于尋找線索。(3善于抓主題句,解決概括題。(4善于篩選、比較、衡量、綜合文章的有用信息。3、三個避免(1只見樹木不見林。(2難題耗時太多。(3閱讀方式不當(dāng)。三、精典范例例1 (NMET 2001Shanghai: Car rentals(出租are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. Business people, foreigners and families alike are making good use of t

4、he growing industry.The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game, with more than 11,500 cars in their books.The largest playerShanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choicesdeluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coache

5、s. Santana sedans are big favorite.Firms can attract enough customers for 70 percent of their cars every month. This figure shoots up during holiday seasons like National Day, Labor Day and Ne w Years Day, with some recording 100 percent rental.The major market force rests in the growing population

6、of white-collar employees(白領(lǐng)雇員,who can afford the new service, said Zhuang Yu, marketing manager of Shanghai Angel car Rental Co.( 1. The word s deluxe sedans,minivansand station wagonsused in the text refer to _.A.cars in the makingB.car rental firmsC.cars for rentD.car makers( 2. Which of the foll

7、owing statements is true according to the text?A. 70% of the cars can be rented out on holiday.B. 70% of the customers are while-collar employees.C. More firms are open for service during holiday seasons.D. Some firms rent out all their cars during holiday seasons.( 3. Shanghais car rental indust ry

8、 is growing so fast mainly due to _.A. better cars supplied by producers.B. fast service offered by car rental firms.C. the increasing number of white-collar emplioyees.D. peoples growing interest in travelling during holidays.解析:1.C。上文提到:Shanghai Bashi旅游車租賃中心提供了廣泛豐富的選擇,可判斷選擇的內(nèi)容為可供租賃的車型。故選C。2.D。文中提到

9、的數(shù)據(jù)70%為每月汽車租出量,故A、B都不正確。This figure shoots up during holiday seasons , with some recording 100 percent rental判斷出D項陳述正確的,即一些公司在節(jié)假日里能夠把汽車全部租出去。3.C。文章最后一段引用汽車租賃中心市場經(jīng)理(Zhuang Yu的話解釋了上海汽車租賃行車迅猛發(fā)展的原因根源于the growing population of white-collar employees。故選C。例2:(2004年全國卷IIRome had the Forum. London has Speake

10、rs Corner. Now alwaysonthe-go New Yorkers have Liz and Bill.Liz and Bill, two college graduates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street corners. Just talk.Using a 2-foot-tall sign that says,Talk to Me.they attr

11、act conversatio- nalists, who one evening included a mental patient, and men in business suits.They dont collect money. They dont push religion(宗教. So whats the point?To see what happens, said Liz.We simply enjoy life with open communication(交流.Shortly after the September 11,2001 attacks, they decid

12、ed to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip. They found they loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return.It started as a crazy idea,Liz said.We were so curious about all the strangers walking by with their life stories. Peop

13、le will talk to us about anything: their jobs, their clothes, their childhood experiences, anything.Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take. She had stopped by for the second time in two days,to let the two listeners know how it went.Marcia had lost her husband to a serious disease

14、.That was very heavy on my mind,Marcia said.To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good,she explained.To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year. A few hundred people showed up, as well as some televi

15、sion cameramen and reporters.They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something they say theyll consider.1. What did Liz and Bill start doing after September 2001?A. Chatting with people.B. Setting up st

16、reet signsC. Telling stories to strangersD. Organizing a speak ers corner2. What they have been doing can be described as .A. pointlessB. normalC. crazyD. successful3. Why are Denise and Marcia mentioned in the text?A. They knew Liz and Bill very well.B. They happened to meet the writer of the text.

17、C. They organized the get-together in the city park.D. They are examples of those who talked to Liz and Bill.4. What will Liz and Bill do in the future?A. Go in for publishing.B. Do more television programs.C. Continue what they are doing.D. Spend more time reading books.5. How do they like they ide

18、a of writing a book?A. They have decided to wait a year or twoB. They will think about it carefullyC. They agreed immediatelyD. They find it hard to do that解析:1.A。本篇講述了兩個大學(xué)畢業(yè)生與陌生人交談,傾聽人們向他們傾述的互惠的活動。文章從聯(lián)想開始,簡介Liz and Bill(這是兩個人的名字,又是交談與傾聽活動的名稱做什么,怎樣開始的,效果如何,未來打算等,其中等六段和第七段是插敘(從shortly after到experienc

19、es, anything.,講述的就是兩個年輕人怎樣開始這一活動的。故選A項;開始與人聊天。2.D。Liz and Bill活動很成功。從倒數(shù)第二段可知:為慶祝該活動一周所舉辦的聚會,有許多人參加,記者和攝影師都來了,說明很成功。3.D。Liz和Bill同許多人談生活,傾聽過許多人跟他們談心,Denise和Marcia是其中的兩人。提到他們來做例子。4.C。最后一段的前一句說明他們還想吸引更多的人來加入這一活動,與他們聊天。故選C。5.B。本題問Liz和Bill怎么看待寫本書這回事,全篇最后一句可知,但本句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜。something是代詞,是a book的同位語,theyll consid

20、er是定語從句,they say起到插入語的作用。全句可譯為:有些出版商表達了給Liz和Bill 出本書的興趣,Liz和Bill說他們會考慮這件事。consider一詞可解釋為think about carefully,something指出書寫書。故選B。例3:My first reaction was annoyance. It was Friday afternoon, and I was within an hour of finishing my work for the week. As I was leaving, a nurse brought me one more pa t

21、ient message. The statement read: Mrs.Jones called to say that she has had blurred vision(視覺模糊ever since her medical test this morning.I smiled. Suddenly our tests were causing eye problems.This week my patients had questioned everything. My patient with high blood pressure had stopped coming to her

22、 treatment on the advice of an Internet chat room. A woman who had a mental problem was substituting(用代替St . Johns word for her medication. Now Mrs. Jones was imagining problems. I rolled my eyes.My second reaction was worry. As I looked through her record, I tried to figure out why she would have b

23、lurred vision, but nothing in her record explained the new problem. Shes probably just anxious, I thought. Still, she wouldnt have called if she had been al l right. I picked up the phone.What I next felt can only be described as delight. Before I made the call, the nurse ran in: Mrs. Jones called.

24、Her vision is fine. Turns out she picked up the wrong glasses when she left the office. The X-raytechnician has been having the same problem. I let out a laugh. Mrs. Jones had been right. Her vision had been blurred. Now we know why.Finally I felt shame. I came to realize what Mrs. Jones had taught

25、me. I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. Now I me for my help. They pay me to listen, diagnose(診斷,treat and talk. That suggests trust; I must remember that, and trust them too.1.The writer smiled while reading the

26、patient message because he knew .A. Mrs. Jones would ask for more testsB. the patient was being unreasonableC. the nurse was joking with himD. Mrs. Jones would call him2. What had caused Mrs . Jones eye problem?A. Wrong glassesB. Medical checkup.C. Her own imaginationD. Chatting on the Internet3.The

27、 underlined wordsclouded her judgmentin the last paragraph probably mean.A. made her less trustful toward the doctorB. put her in control of her own feelingsC. made her less able to think clearlyD. put her in a dangerous situation解析:1.B。本篇講一個醫(yī)生要結(jié)束一周的工作時幾分鐘內(nèi)的心理歷程。一周來,病人們不斷懷疑或不信任自己,其中一個病人Mrs.Jones也來電話

28、說上午看完病后眼睛看不清東西,醫(yī)生先是煩躁,進而擔(dān)心焦慮是否真的有問題或病人只是在想像,再而是高興Mrs.Jones只是戴錯了眼鏡,自己的診斷治療沒問題。最后是慚愧,病人還是信任自己的,自己也必須信任病人。文章第二段活用了許多過去完成時,說明這些事先發(fā)生,許多病人開始沒道理地懷疑自己,現(xiàn)在又輪到Mrs.Jones。所以醫(yī)生知道這位病人有些沒理性。2.A。第四段的前幾句說明了Mrs.Jones視力正常,(下班離開辦公室時拿錯了眼鏡。3.C。畫線部分中cloud作動詞用,是用云擋住的意思,整體畫線部分應(yīng)是影響了她的判斷力,使她不能正常思考,本題可用代入法解決。例4:Its not the flas

29、hiest car in the world. Not even close. But the 1971 V olkswagen named Helio s can do something most cars cant : run on solar energyenergy from the suns light and head!Joshua Bechtold, 14,and the other students at the Riverside School in Lyndonville, Vermont, worked They named their car after Helios

30、, the sun god in Greek mythology(神話。The 4-year-old Tour de Sol encourages the use of green,or environmen- tally friendly, cars to help reduce pollution and save enengy. Its not a race. Cars are judged on fuel efficiency(耗油量rather than speed. In the week-long event, 44 cars took the 350-mile tour fro

31、m Waterbury, Connecticut, to Lake George, New York. Of the 23 student cars, Helios was the only one built by middle school students.A teacher drove Helios, but the children talked with people wherever they stopped along the road.That was my favorite part,says Anna Browne,15.We explained how the car

32、runs.Due in part to old, inefficient batteries(電池,Helios finished fourthout of fourin its kind, the sun-powered class.We were there for the fun of it,Anna says,Were proud of Helios,says Ariel Gleicher, 14.Its a car thatsgood for the environment.1. What is special about the car Helios in the text?A.

33、It was built by middle school studentsB. It has an attractive designC. It was made in 1971D. It won the fourth prize2. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race?A. 1B. 4C. 23D. 443. What would be the best title for the text?A. The Making of HeliosB. 1999 American Tour de SolC. Sun-powered Gars

34、 on the RoadD. Use of Green Cars in Connecticut4. The students felt proud of Helios because .A. it could run as far as 350 milesB. it was favored by many childrenC. it had high-quality batteriesD. it was driven by clean energy解析:1.A。從第一段run on solar energy和第二段Joshua Bechtold,14, and the other studen

35、tsworked many months to get Helois ready.可知本車利用太陽能,并且由學(xué)生制做。2.B。從最后一段Helois finished fourth-out of four-in its kind, the sun-powered class可知,四輛同類車參賽, Helois得第四名。3.C。全文講述Helois這類太陽能車。本文不止講Helois的制作,排除A。本文講Helois參賽前后的事,不以賽事為主,排除B。環(huán)保汽車的使用不止在Connectinut, 排除D。4.D。學(xué)生們對此車感到自豪是因為該車環(huán)保,而非車速或小孩子喜歡,且它的電池舊而效率低,排除

36、其他各項。例5:The other day, my friend Jane was invited to a 40th birthday party. The time printed on the invitation was 7:30 pm. Jane went off with her husband, expecting a merry evening of wine, food, and song.By 9:45,everybody was having great fun, but no food had appeared. Jane and David were restless

37、. Other guests began whispering that they, too, were starving. But no one wanted to leave, just in case some food was about to appear. By 11:00, there was still no food, and everyone was completely off their heads. Jane and David left hungry and angry.Their experience suggests that the words on the

38、printed invitations need to be made clearer. Everyone reads and understands the invitations differently. Most of us would agree that 6:308:30pm means drinks only, go out to dinner afterwards; 8:00pm or 8:30pm means possible dinner, but 9:30pm and any time thereafter means no food, eat beforehand, ro

39、ll up late.But this is not a lways the case. If asked to a students party at 6:30pm, itis normal for guests not to appear before midnight, if at all, and no one cares. Being the first to arrivelooking eageris social death. When my mother asked to a party for 6:30, she likes to be there, if not on ti

40、me, then no later than seven. My age group (late thirtiesfalls somewhere between the two, but because we still think were young. Were probably closer to student-time than grown-up time.The accepted custom at present is confusing(混亂的,sometimes annoying, and it often means you may go home hungry, but

41、it does lend every part that precious element(成分of surprise.1. The underlined wordsoff their headsprobably mean.A. tired B. crazy C. curious D. hopeless . 2. Jane and Davids story is used to show that A. party-goers usually get hungry at parties B. party invitations can be confusing C. people should

42、 ask for food at parties D. birthday parties for middle-aged people are dull 3. For some young people, arriving on time for a students party will probably be considered . A. very difficult B. particularly thoughtful C. friendly and polite D. socially unacceptable 4. According to the writer, people i

43、n their late thirties . A. are likely to arrive late for a party B. care little about the party time C. havent really grown up yet D. like surprises at parties 5. What is the general idea of the text? . A. Its safe to arrive late just when food is served B. Its wise to eat something before going to

44、a party C. Its important to follow social rules of party-going D. Its necessary to read invitations carefully 解析： 1.B。參加晚會的人沒吃晚飯，到晚 11 點，人們餓瘋了。 2.B。開頭的故事做為例子，說明邀請信函令人迷茫，人們無法把握該如何去做。 3.D。第四段前幾句說明，年輕的學(xué)生赴晚會遲到很正常。急切地第一個趕到的人太少見了。 4.A。第四段最后提及三十多歲的人參加晚會的時間接近學(xué)生的時間，故可能遲到。 5.C。全文可知，不同年齡段的人到達晚會的時間不同，對晚會時間理解不同，

45、不遵從社會習(xí)慣，便會出 現(xiàn)餓肚子等現(xiàn)象。所以，按社會習(xí)俗參加晚會極為重要。 例 6： Cannes will rock to the sound of a cancan dance this year when Moulin Rouge by the Australian director Baz Luhrmann opens the French film festival (電影節(jié)in May. The musical stars Nicole Kidman as a singer, and John Leguizamo as the artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautree. It will be competing for the palme dOr, the festivals top prize. The festival runs to May 21. The American actor Tommy Lee Jones, 54, has married his longtime girlfriend, Dawn Maria Laurel, 36, in a private wedding in San Antonio.“It wasnt