虛擬語氣完全解讀

1、虛擬語氣精講1.英語動詞有三種語氣： 陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣.2. 定義：虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。3.虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn) 1）、一般條件句中虛擬語氣的用法；If條件句中的虛擬語氣根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間有三種不同的形式。從句主句與過去事實(shí)相反Had doneShould/ would/ could/ might/ + have done與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反Were/ didShould/ would/ could/ migh

2、t/ +do與將來事實(shí)相反Were/ did/ were to do或者 should + do Should/ would/ could/ might/ +doFor example:If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.If he studied at this school, he would know you well.If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.翻譯句子：如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就給他打電話了 注

3、意：當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為：錯綜時(shí)間條件句“，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.（從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在）If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.2）、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時(shí)，if可省略，而將were, should, had等詞置于句首。如：If I were to meet him

4、 tomorrow, I should ask him about it. =Were I to meet him tomorrow, If there should be a flood, what should we do? = a flood, what should we do?If you had （= Had you ）come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.3）、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法，主要是表示命令、要求、建議的虛擬語氣。l 賓語從句，常見動詞：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist兩個(gè)命令：order, command 三個(gè)建

5、議：advise, suggest, propose五個(gè)要求：demand , require, request, desire， ask 這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法，即從句中的動詞 使用（should）+ 動詞原形。以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣。如：We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the

6、chemical factory should be closed down.注意:insist / suggest 各有兩意思，要用不同的語氣 Insist： 表“堅(jiān)決要求”,虛擬, should + do; 表“堅(jiān)稱,堅(jiān)持說”,陳述語氣,表事實(shí)。 Suggest：表“建議”，虛擬, should + do; 表“表明、暗示” ，用陳述語氣。The teacher suggested that we _ more after class. （practise）The look on her face suggested that she _happy。（be）He insisted that

7、 all of us _there on time by any means. （be）He insisted that he _ the wallet. ( steal)l 主語從句。在句型 “It is important /necessary/strange /remarkable / advisable /natural) that . ” 中，在“It is a pity / a shame / no wonder,that”中，在“It is demanded /suggested/ ordered/required.that”句型中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： shou

8、ld + 動詞原形 eg. It is strange that he should not come.Its natural that she should do so. 4）、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣用法；wish之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：As if/though和wish用法相同表現(xiàn)在:過去時(shí)表過去:過去完成時(shí)表將來:would, might, could動詞原形 (不能用should)I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last nigh

9、t.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long.would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。現(xiàn)在：過去時(shí)would rather that -過去：過去完成時(shí)未來：過去時(shí)eg. I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Wed rather you went t

10、here tomorrow.It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或should動詞原形，should不能省略你該走了：Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來,二是暗含在上下文中,這類詞語常有：but for, without, otherwise,等。如： But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. I would have come to se

11、e you, but I was too busy.She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 (要是就好了) 表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài) .If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!1. If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do n

12、ow. A. asked would know B. had asked would have knownC. asked him know D. had asked would know2. What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther3.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn,

13、you _ so tired. A. drovedidnt getB. had drivenwouldnt have got C. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get 4.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. shoul

14、d fall D. were to fall5.How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had6.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaksB. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7.The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.wil

15、l rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained8.I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is9.If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. shoul

16、d lie10. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will11.I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer 12. You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him. A. came/could meet B. had come/would have met C. come/will meet D. had come/would meet 13. It is time that you _ home and Id rather you _ again tomorrow. A. would go/would comeB. went/came C. go/are g