一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過(guò)去式及現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)及練習(xí)題

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法及練習(xí)題 一、用法：1 .表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如： The sky is blue. 天空是藍(lán)色的。2 .表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如： I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。3 .表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如： The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。二、構(gòu)成：1 . be 動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am ,is ,are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。2 .行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she ,it) 時(shí)，三單變

2、化：多數(shù)在動(dòng)詞后加s , play plays like likes以s, x, sh, ch, o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞力口 es go goes wash washes,以輔音字母加 y結(jié)尾，把 y改i再力口 es, fly flies 。第三，我的變化-否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句：1 . be動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not + 其它。如：He is not a worker. 他不是工人。一般疑問(wèn)句：Be + 主語(yǔ)+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am./ No, Im not.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 +一般疑問(wèn)句。如： Where is my bik

3、e?2 .行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ) + dont( doesnt ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用 doesnt構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do( Does ) + 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：-Do you often play football?-Yes, I do. / No, I dont.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：-Does she go to work by bike?-Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑

4、問(wèn)詞 +一般疑問(wèn)句。如： How does your father go to work?同學(xué)們需要掌握的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)形式：Lives, teaches, goes, watches, reads, does,works, do es, doesn t。一般過(guò)去式及練習(xí) 一、基本概念一般過(guò)去時(shí)(simple past tense)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行 為；過(guò)去主語(yǔ)所具備的能力和性格。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他否定形式was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt ，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞一般疑問(wèn)句Did+主語(yǔ) +do+其他？例句 Sh

5、e often came to help us in those days.I didntknow you were so busy.一般過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成形式肯定式疑問(wèn)式否定式疑問(wèn)否定式I workedDid I work?I did not workDid I not work?Did he(she,it)He (she,it)did notHe(she,it) workedDid he(she,it)not work?work?workWe workedDid we work?We did not workDid we not work?You workedDid you work?You d

6、id not workDid you not work?They workedDid they work?They did not workDid they not work?三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法（1） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生，也可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。一般過(guò)去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說(shuō)明過(guò)去的事情。句式：主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+其他 如：I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱麗亞說(shuō)了幾句話。 He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.他沒(méi)有戒煙的那陣子，抽煙抽

7、得可兇了。（2） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或從句連用，如： yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when等等。補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容：（句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)還是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，取決于動(dòng)作是否對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。Have you had your lunch? 你吃過(guò)午飯了嗎？（你現(xiàn)在不餓嗎？）Yes, I have. 是的，我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)了。（已經(jīng)吃飽了，不想再吃了。 ） When did you have it? 你是什么時(shí)候吃的？（關(guān)心的是吃的動(dòng)作 發(fā)生在

8、何時(shí)。） I had it about ten minutes ago.我大約是十分鐘以前吃的。）Used to do something表示過(guò)去常做而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止了的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。I used to work fourteen hoursa day.我過(guò)去常常一天干十四個(gè)小時(shí)。I ate it at 6: 45。我在六點(diǎn)四十五分吃了。注意：1、帶有確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí) 如：yesterday （昨天）、two days ago（兩天 前 ）、last year （去年一）、the other day（前幾天）、once upon a time （很久以前）、just now（剛才）、

9、in the old days（過(guò)去的日子里）、before liberation（解放前一）、When I was 8 years old（當(dāng)我八歲時(shí),-）、at+一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) Did you have a party the other day ?前幾天，你們開(kāi)了晚會(huì)了嗎？Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷鋒是個(gè)好戰(zhàn)士。另外，在談到已死去的人的情況時(shí)，多用過(guò)去時(shí)。2、表示過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)這種情況下，往往沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment looked at the cap

10、tain , and then died.那男孩把眼睛張開(kāi)了一會(huì)兒，看看船長(zhǎng)，然后就去世了。3、表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)的動(dòng)作，常與 always , never等連用。Mrs. Peter alwayscarried an umbrella.彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一把傘。（只是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘。） 比較 Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是帶著傘。（說(shuō)明這是她的習(xí)慣，表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘）Mrs. Peter is always carrying anumbrella.彼得太太 總是帶著一把傘。（表示

11、說(shuō)話者對(duì)這一動(dòng)作或行為厭煩）I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。（不涉及到現(xiàn)在，不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒）4、如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用used to do （過(guò)去常常做，而現(xiàn)在不那樣做了） He used todrink. 他過(guò)去喝酒。（意味著他現(xiàn)在不喝酒了。喝酒這個(gè)動(dòng)作終止了）I used to take awalk in the morning.我過(guò)去是在早晨散步。（意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了）比較： Itook a walk in the morning.我曾經(jīng)在早晨散過(guò)步。（只是說(shuō)明過(guò)去這一動(dòng)作）5 、有些句子，雖然沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上是指過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或

12、存在的狀態(tài)的話， 也要用過(guò)去時(shí)，這一點(diǎn)，我們中國(guó)學(xué)生往往出錯(cuò)， 要特別注意！I dont know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。（因?yàn)樵谡f(shuō)話時(shí)，我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說(shuō)話之前，所以只能用過(guò)去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上，這句話暗指： But now I know you are here. ） I think you were ill.我以為你病了呢。（這句話應(yīng)是在說(shuō)話之前，我以為你病了。但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒(méi)?。┧?、一般過(guò)去時(shí)謂語(yǔ)部分的構(gòu)成1 Be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài).在沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用be動(dòng)詞，am is的過(guò)去式為was; are的過(guò)去式為were. 構(gòu)成：肯定

13、句：主語(yǔ) +was （were） + 表語(yǔ) 如：I was late yesterday.（昨天我遲到了。） 否定句：主語(yǔ) +was （were） +not+表語(yǔ) 如：Wewerent late yesterday.（我們昨天沒(méi)遲到）疑問(wèn)句：Was（Were）+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)如： Were you ill yesterday? （你昨天病了嗎？）肯定回答： Yes, I was.（ 是的，我病了。）否定句：No, I wasnt.（不，我沒(méi)病。） 特殊疑問(wèn)句： 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was （were）+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)如： When were you born? 你是什么時(shí)候出生的？2 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)肯

14、定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，否定句和疑問(wèn)句要使用助動(dòng)詞do 和 does 的過(guò)去式did. 肯定句為：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+賓語(yǔ)如： I went homeat nine oclock yesterday. （我昨天九點(diǎn)鐘回的家。）否定句：主語(yǔ)+didnt+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)如： I didnt go home yesterday. （ 我昨天沒(méi)回家。） 疑問(wèn)句： Did + 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)如： Did you go home yesterday? （ 你昨天回家了嗎？） 肯定回答： Yes, I did. （ 是的，我回了。） 否定回答：No, I didnt. （ 不，我沒(méi)回家。）3 助動(dòng)詞和情

15、態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式如下：shall should （將要）用于第一人稱單數(shù)will would （將要）用于所有人稱can could（能，會(huì)）may might （可以）must must （必須）have to had to （不得不）助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)要使用他們的過(guò)去式，后面的動(dòng)詞還使用原形。如： I had to do my homeworkyesterday. （ 昨天我不得不做作業(yè)。） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)講解一般過(guò)去時(shí)也叫單純過(guò)去時(shí)。例A：Heworked very hard last year. （去年他很用功。） 例 B： Mr. Smith bought a new car yes

16、terday.（史密斯先生昨天買了一輛新車。） 例 C： They were here only a few minutes ago.（幾分鐘前他們還在這里。） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法如下：一般過(guò)去時(shí)最明顯的現(xiàn)象就是常由表達(dá)過(guò)去之時(shí)間的副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾它（如各例句的斜體字部分）。這些常用于修飾一般過(guò)去時(shí)的副詞有：yesterday,yesterday morning （ afternoon, evening ） , just now （剛才）, before （以前）, then （ at thattime ） （當(dāng)時(shí)） ，last + 時(shí)間 （如 last week, month, year,

17、 Monday, January, spring, ， etc. ） , that + 寸間 （如 that day, afternoon, summer,，etc.）, 時(shí)間 + ago （如 a few minutes ago, two weeks ago , years ago, etc.）過(guò)去” 的概念并不是只指如yesterday, last week, ”等，實(shí)際上“與現(xiàn)在對(duì)立的過(guò)去”，亦即“非現(xiàn)在的以前”，哪怕是“過(guò)了說(shuō)話時(shí)間的幾分鐘之前”，只要所要表達(dá)的時(shí)間與說(shuō)話時(shí)的 “現(xiàn)在” 形成對(duì)立，就必須使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：He washere onlya few minutes

18、 ago. （僅僅幾分鐘前他還在這里。） I came homejust now. （我剛回到家。）五、特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+did+ 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式？如： Who went to home yesterday?六、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed ，如： pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.結(jié)尾是 e 力口 d,如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed ，如：stop-stopped4.以“輔音字母 +y”

19、結(jié)尾的，變 y為i,再加-ed ,如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（詳見(jiàn)書本）三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與now， at the moment 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be （is/am/are） + v-ing 。例： He is sleeping at the moment.2、表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例： I am studying in Datun High School.They are working in a factory these days.3、某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表將來(lái)。例： We a

20、re going to Beijing this afternoon.The bus is coming.4、表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與 always , continually , constantly , forever等連用，常表示厭煩、 不滿和贊揚(yáng)等情感。例：He is always working until midnight.（贊揚(yáng)）They are forever quarrelling about something.(不滿)動(dòng)詞v-ing的構(gòu)成形式：規(guī)則原形-ing 形式washwashing一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ingcatchcatchingstaystayingma

21、kemaking以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞。先去掉 e,再加-ingtaketakinggivegivingsitsitting以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫這個(gè)getgetting字母，再加-ingbeginbeginninglielying以ie結(jié)尾的單詞，改ie為y,再加-ingdiedyingtietying練習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)練習(xí)1. Choose the right answers to cloze.用括號(hào)內(nèi)適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?。often (play) in the playground.2. He (get) up at six o clock.3. you (b

22、rush) your teeth every morning.4. What (do) he usually (do) after school?5. they(like) the World Cup?6. Mike sometimes(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she (watch) TV with his parents.8. Mjke(read) English every day?9. How many lessons your classmate(have) on Monday?10. What tim

23、e his mother (do) the housework? usually(get)up at six in the morning.(have) blues eyes.(go ) to school every day boy(like) playing football. (have)no classes on Sundays. (write) to her mother once a week.(rain)quite often during the month of July every year.often(watch)TV on Saturdays.usually(ride)

24、 a bike with his friends in the park.20 Peter and Mary often(play) badminton together.mother(have) a lot of cousins.people often (listen) to the radio in the moring.(do)she (like) playing the violin?Yes,she(do).(have)four brothers. She(like) them very much.24. He often (have) dinner at home.25. We (

25、not watch) TV on Monday.usually (play) the piano on Sundays.cat(like) eating fish every much.28. Su Hai and Su Yang (have) eight lessons this term.29. She and I (take) a walk together every evening.II. Read and fill in the blanks.(選詞填空)Watches read goes gets eats lives worksMy aunt is a nurse. She l

26、ikes music very much. She in a big hospital.Every day she up at 6:30. She breakfast at 7:00. After breakfast she to work by bus. She usually goes home at 5:30. After dinner, she often TV and books. At 10:30, she goes to bed.III. Read the questions and circle the right answers.(讀問(wèn)題，圈出正確的答案)does your

27、pen pal live?A. No, she live in the country. B. She live inthe city. C. She lives in the city.does she go to work?A. She go to work at 7. B. She goes to work at 7. C. Yes, she does.3. Does Peter go to school by subway?A. No, he does. B. No, he doesn t. C. Yes, on foot.4. What does Miss Green do?A. S

28、he teaches English. B. Yes, she s a teacher. C. At school. she read newspapers at night?A. Yes, she do. B. Yes , she does. C. No, she does. s your pen pal s hobby?A. She like reading. B. She like read. C. She likes reading. 練習(xí)：1. - What about the pen you bought yesterday? - It well. I like it verymu

29、ch.A. was written B. is written C. wrote D. writes2. There is going to a sports meeting next week. If it , well haveto cancel it.A. be; will rain B. have; will rain C. be; rains3. Tom is strong and he to school every day.A. walked B. walks C. will walk D. has walked4. - What will you do if it tomorr

30、ow? - Ill stay at home and watchthe match on TV.A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining5. Every year many foreigners to China to learn Chinese.A. have come B. comes C. came D. come6. - I wont go to bed until the TV play over. - Youd better not dothat.A. is B. was C. will D. will be7. A large num

31、ber of students in this school from the country. They workvery hard.A. come B. comes C. came D. coming8. - I wonder if I tomorrow. - Dont worry. If it, well stay athome.A. rains, rains B. will rain, rains C. rains, will rain9. - When will you come to see me, Dad? -I will go to see you when you then

32、training course.A. finished B. finish C. are finishing D. will finish10. - What do you do?- Im an engineer. I in a company in Wuhan. I like my job very much.A. work B. had worked C. will work D. worked11. - How much the shoes? - Five dollars enough.A. is; is B. are; is C. are; are D. is; are12. Ill

33、do it better if the teacher me another chance.A. give B. gives C. gave D. will give13. In the coming summer holidays, my family going to take a one-week tripto Qingdao.A. is B. are C. was D. were14. The children will climb the hill if it tomorrow.A. wont rain B. didnt rain C. doesnt rain D. isnt rai

34、ning15. - When to the hospital? - When he there. Ill call you.A. he goes; goes B. will he go; will go C. he go; will he go D. will he go; goes16. The teacher told us that light much faster than sound.A. traveled B. will travel C. travels D. is traveling17. Ittwelve hours to go to Guangzhou by train.

35、A. is taking B. are going to take C. takes D. has taken18. Ill come to see you as soon as I back.A. will be B. am being C. was D. am19. Jean wants to go to China but she money.A. didnt have B. doesnt have no C. had no D. has no 一般過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞（?？紗卧~）的過(guò)去式 isam fly plant are drinkplaygo_ make does_ dan

36、ceworry_ ask taste_ eatdraw_put throwkick_pass_do _二、用 be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Ian English teacher now.2. She happy yesterday.3. They glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy good friends.5. The little dog two years old this year.6. Look, there lots of grapes here.7. There a sign on the chair on

37、 Monday.8. Today the second of June. Yesterday the first of June. It Children s Day. All the students very excited.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯定回答：否定回答：2 They played football in the playground.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯定回答：否定回答：三、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.

38、2. Her father (read) a newspaper last night.3. We to zoo yesterday, we (go) to the park.4. you (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. he (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he .6. Gao Shan (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother .8. “ What she (fi

39、nd) in the garden last morning?”“ She (find) a beautiful butterfly.”9. It (be) Ben s birthday last Friday10. 10. We all _ (have) a good time last night.11. He (jump) high on last Sports Day.12. She likes newspapers, but she a book yesterday. (read)13. He football now, but they basketball just now. (

40、play)14. Jim s mother (plant) trees just now.15. “ they (sweep) the floor on Sunday?”“ No, they .”16. I (watch) a cartoon on Monday.17. We (go) to school on Sunday.18. It (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office bycar.20. Gao Shan (put) the book on his head a moment ago.21.

41、Don t the house. Mum it yesterday. (clean)22. What you just now? I some housework. (do)23. They(make) a kite a week ago.24. I want to apples. But my dad all of them last month. (pick)25. “he the flowers this morning?“Yes, he. (water) ”26. She(be) a pretty girl. Look, she(do) Chinese dances.27. The students often(draw) some pictures in the art room.四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. It was exciting.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句