非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完整版

1、Nonfinite Verbs(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)非謂語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)Smoking is prohibited hereIt is not very good for you to smoke so much doing 作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作；作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作；to do作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作。作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作。 doing作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。to do 通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring To

2、 be an athlete is his dream.It is + adj. + (of / for sb.) to do sth. Its no good / no use/ not any use/good, useless doing sth. Theres no doing .There is no joking about such matters. 這種事開不得玩笑。這種事開不得玩笑。There is no holding back the wheel of history. 歷史車輪不可阻擋。歷史車輪不可阻擋。 Being stolen is a miserable(痛苦的痛

3、苦的) experience.主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) ( (注意注意not 的位置的位置) )it 作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ)Marys / His not being late for schoolHis not having been thereIt is very kind of you to help us. 過去分詞過去分詞done不可作主語(yǔ)，若主語(yǔ)須表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，不可作主語(yǔ)，若主語(yǔ)須表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，則用則用being done非謂語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)不定式不定式 的省略的省略1. 1. 一些表示心理活動(dòng)、情感態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，如一些表示心理活動(dòng)、情感態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，如expect

4、/want /hope /wish /love /hate /decide /plan /mean /try /would like /be ready /be afraid /be glad等等后，動(dòng)詞不定式省略后，動(dòng)詞不定式省略toto后面的動(dòng)詞部分，但保留后面的動(dòng)詞部分，但保留to。 -I ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my dog ? - Not at all. I d be glad to. (2) -Will you go with me ? -Well ,I d like to. (3) -

5、Will you go home tomorrow? -No. I m going to a lecture，or at least I am planning to.注意：如若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中是注意：如若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中是be或或have, , 需保留需保留be 和和 have(3) - Are you a taxi driver? - No, I used to be.(4) - Hasnt he finished writing the report? - No, but he ought to have.2. 2. 當(dāng)當(dāng)like或或want在由在由when /whenever /what/wh

6、atever /as /if等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，其后往往省略整個(gè)動(dòng)詞等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，其后往往省略整個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式。不定式。(1) Come whenever you like . (2)Tom, don t be nervous. Take whatever you want! (3)Do anything as you like. (4)You don t have to come swimming if you don t want.I cannot but agree to his terms.We could do nothing but / other than wait.I

7、cannot choose but _ (laugh)We had no choice but _ (wait)but to do except to do besides to do other than to doCant choose but do (只好只好)Cant help but doCant but do當(dāng)介詞當(dāng)介詞but, except, besides 以及以及other than 前前有作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的有作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的do時(shí)，不定式的時(shí)，不定式的to 可以省略?？梢允÷?。非謂語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ)-主系表主系表to do具體行為具體行為表示表示“愿望，計(jì)劃，愿望，

8、計(jì)劃，決定決定”be to do 將來時(shí)態(tài)將來時(shí)態(tài)My next plan is to draw a picture for the house seem / appear (似乎，好像似乎，好像) prove / turn out (被證明是被證明是) remain (仍然是，仍然是，尚待尚待） 等連系動(dòng)詞后等連系動(dòng)詞后 He seemed ( to be ) very happy . We are to meet at the school gate at six . (be to do表示安排表示安排)doing一般行為一般行為通常形容通常形容“物物”居居多多be doing進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行

9、時(shí)態(tài)My job is teaching you English. The film is exciting.He is eating an apple.done通常形容通常形容“人人”居居多多be done被動(dòng)被動(dòng)He is moved. The job is done. The book is gone.3. I asked her if she had any rooms to let. 不定式主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義不定式主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 1. The house is _. 2. She is not the person _.to rentto blame某些動(dòng)詞的不定式做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其主

10、動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。某些動(dòng)詞的不定式做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。常用的有常用的有：to blame, to seek, to let不定式做表語(yǔ)的省略：不定式做表語(yǔ)的省略：1. The first things he did was go up to her trainer and thank her for all her help during her training. 2. What we want to do now is lie down and rest. 3. What a dictionary does is help the students to find out

11、the meaning and the usage of new words . 非謂語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)a wounded soldierthe soldier wounded in the battle1) The machine _(run) by the old worker is made in Shanghai.2) The woman _(talk) to a foreigner is our English teacher.runtalking doing 表示主動(dòng)表示主動(dòng)； done 表示被動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)Listen! The song being sung is very po

12、pular with the students.2. doing 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 done 表示動(dòng)作動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束表示動(dòng)作動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束 to do 表示將來表示將來The students have cleared away the _(fall) leaves.fallen3. doing 說明人或物的性質(zhì)；表示說明人或物的性質(zhì)；表示“令人令人的的”； done 說明人或物的狀態(tài)，表示說明人或物的狀態(tài)，表示“感到感到的的”1）She listened with a _(puzzle) expression on her face.2）The _(disappoint) loo

13、k reflected that he was not very satisfied with my studies.puzzleddisappointedan excited voicean interesting storya frightened girl-ing做定語(yǔ)說明被修飾的名詞的用途和性能做定語(yǔ)說明被修飾的名詞的用途和性能 reading material walking stick fishing pole flying suit writing table listening practice 閱讀材料閱讀材料 手杖手杖 魚桿魚桿 飛行服飛行服 寫字臺(tái)寫字臺(tái) 聽力訓(xùn)練聽力訓(xùn)練

14、 to do 不定式作定語(yǔ)的相關(guān)注意點(diǎn)不定式作定語(yǔ)的相關(guān)注意點(diǎn)1. 1.作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所 修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不 定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to （擔(dān)心）（擔(dān)心） Please give me a knife to（切）（切） 不定式所修飾的名詞如果是不定式所修飾的名詞如果是timetime，placeplace或或wayway，

15、不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live 他沒錢沒地方住。他沒錢沒地方住。worry about cut with2. 2. 在在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去 完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式，如果說話人強(qiáng)完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式，如果說話人強(qiáng) 調(diào)的是事情本身必須完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。調(diào)的是事情本身必須完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。 There is a lot of work to do (Somebody has to do the work) Th

16、ere is a lot of work to be done (The work has to be done)3. 3. 當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式 動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也 可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但其意義有所不同?？捎帽粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但其意義有所不同。 Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎你有什么東西要寄嗎? ? ( (不定式不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you) ) Have you anything to be sent? 你有

17、什么要你有什么要( (我或別人我或別人) )寄的東西嗎寄的東西嗎? ? ( (不定式不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或或someone else) )非謂語(yǔ)做賓補(bǔ)非謂語(yǔ)做賓補(bǔ) 在在see, hear, feel, watch等感官動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)等感官動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)： doing 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 do 表示動(dòng)作結(jié)束，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果表示動(dòng)作結(jié)束，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果 done 表示其與賓語(yǔ)之間為表示其與賓語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系We heard her singing this song when we got here.We ofte

18、n hear this song sung by her.2. 在在have, set, keep, leave, get 等動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)等動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ) doing 表示進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)表示進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或持續(xù)的狀態(tài) done 表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系Im sorry to have kept you waiting.You shouldnt keep your lights burning in the day.注意：以上幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法并不完全相同。注意：以上幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法并不完全相同。3. 在使役動(dòng)詞在使役動(dòng)詞make后作賓補(bǔ)后作賓補(bǔ) do表示主動(dòng)表示主動(dòng) done表示被動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)The

19、 approaching examination made me study day and night.I raised my voice to make myself heard.3. 在在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓補(bǔ)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓補(bǔ)doing表示主動(dòng)表示主動(dòng)done表示被動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)to do 表示將來表示將來With the boy leading us the way, we had no difficulty in finding her house.With homework done, Jim went out to play football.With so much homewo

20、rk to do, Jim has to stay at home.非謂語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)To do目的，結(jié)果，原目的，結(jié)果，原因因In order to , so as to So as to , such as to, enough to , too to Only to (不幸的意外的結(jié)果不幸的意外的結(jié)果)Im glad to see you. / He shook his head as if to say “Dont trust her.”Doing結(jié)果，條件，讓結(jié)果，條件，讓步，時(shí)間，伴隨步，時(shí)間，伴隨Crossing the street , I met a fri

21、end. While flying over the channel, the pilot saw a bird.done條件，讓步，時(shí)條件，讓步，時(shí)間，伴隨等間，伴隨等Given time, he would win.Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.Having done :一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一動(dòng)作之前一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一動(dòng)作之前Having visited the factory, he went home.1.There being no pen, I had to write a letter

22、with a pencil.2.Time permitting, Ill go over all these lessons before the exam.3.They walked in the garden, little birds singing happily in the tree.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)注意區(qū)別從句與非謂語(yǔ)注意區(qū)別從句與非謂語(yǔ) Work hard and youll do better. If you work hard , you will do better. Working hard, youll do better. I have several bo

23、oks, one of which is based on a movie. I have several books and one of them is based on a movie. I have several books, one of them based on a movie.做題步驟做題步驟 一、理解句子含義，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)一、理解句子含義，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) 二、找出邏輯主語(yǔ)，分析語(yǔ)態(tài)二、找出邏輯主語(yǔ)，分析語(yǔ)態(tài) 三、分析時(shí)態(tài)，做出判斷三、分析時(shí)態(tài)，做出判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的有關(guān)練習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的有關(guān)練習(xí)Fill in the blanks : 1 I would love _(go) t

24、o the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report .We agreed _(meet) here but so far he hasnt turned up.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting . -Well ,now I regret _(do) that .4 Robert is said _(study )abroad , but I dont know what country he studied in .5 W

25、hile shopping ,people sometimes cant help _ (persuade) into buy something they dont really need .6 He claimed _(badly,treat ) in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday .7 The Olympic Games ,_(play) in 776 BC ,didnt 2 include women players until 1912 . to have goneto meethaving doneto h

26、ave studied being persuadedto have been badly treatedplayed8 Do you mind _(Jane ,leave) alone at home?9 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _(carry out ) the next year .10 Ive worked with children before ,so I know what _ (expect) in my new job .11 She cant help _(clean) the

27、house because she s busy making a cake .12 Cleaning women in big cities get _(pay) by the hour .13 _(give ) the general state of his health ,it may take him a while to recover from the operation .14 If you go to Xian , youll find the palaces there are more magnificent than commonly _(suppose ).15 -M

28、um, why do you always make me eat an egg every day ? -_(get ) enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up .16 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier ,_(not ,make ) it more difficult .Janes being leftcarried outto expectto cleanpaidGivensupposedTo getnot to make17 Last summer I

29、 took a course on how_(make) a dresses.How about the two of us _(take) a walk down there ?The patient was warned _(eat) oily food after the operation.The students would love _(take) for a picnic .Robert is said _(write) a book, but I dont know when he can finish it .This page needs_(check) again.-Wh

30、at do you think of the book ? -Oh, excellent.Its worth _(read) a second time.He has always insisted on the man_(call) Dr.Turner instead of Mr Turner .After_(check), the products leave the factory .Tom kept quiet about the accident so as _(not,lose) the job._(excite) , she couldnt fall asleep .28 No one can stop e